阅读理解【知识精研】 理解文中具体信息 高考英语二轮复习

考点1：理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容来说至关重要，同时是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。具体信息有时可以直接从文章中获取，有时则需要进行归纳、概括或推断后才能得到。

在考题中，答题信息可以直接在文中获取的，我们称之为直接信息题，这类试题主要出现在每年每套题的阅读理解A篇的信息类文本中。

正确选项是对文中信息进行了同义转换，我们称之为语意转换题。

需要对文中两个或多个信息点进行归纳概括的，我们称之为归纳概括题。

需要对文中提供的数字进行简单计算才可得出答案的，我们称之为数字计算题。

不论哪类细节题，我们在弄清题目所问之后，第一步，在题干中选定定位词(如专有名词、数字、缩略词，以及能体现问题中心的名词或动词等)；第二步，用选定的定位词(一般用1或2个)去文中寻找答题信息句，即信息定位；第三步，仔细阅读找到的信息句及其上下句，将信息句与各选项比较，选出正确答案。即“一定二找三比较”。

CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)

Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.直接信息［典型例题］(2023年新课标Ⅱ卷·22)

WhatistheshorttalkatArtistPointabout?A.Worksoffamousartists.B.Protectionofwildanimals.C.Basicphotographyskills.D.Historyofthecanyonarea.60s

CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)

Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.

WhatistheshorttalkatArtistPointabout?第一步，读题干，确定定位词第二步，信息定位可知，在ArtistPoint的小型报告的主题是关于峡谷地区的自然和人文历史的第三步，对比各选项只有D.Historyofthecanyonarea.正确1.(2023年全国甲卷·22)

Bo.lan

Bo.lanhasbeenmakingwavesinBangkok’sculinaryscenesinceitopenedin2009.Servinghard-to-findThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere,therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine’sroots,yetstillmanagestoaddaspecialtwist.Thisplaceisgoodforacandle-litdinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.Forthoseextremelyhungry,there’salargesetmenu.［对点练习］

Whichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenu?A.Gaggan. B.Bo.lan.C.IssayaSiameseClub. D.Nahm.60s

Bo.lan

Bo.lanhasbeenmakingwavesinBangkok’sculinaryscenesinceitopenedin2009.Servinghard-to-findThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere,therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine’sroots,yetstillmanagestoaddaspecialtwist.Thisplaceisgoodforacandle-litdinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.Forthoseextremelyhungry,there’salargesetmenu.读题干，确定定位词

Whichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenu?由此可知，Bo.lan提供大份额的套餐故选B.Bo.lan.2.(2023年全国甲卷·23)

Gaggan

Earningfirstplaceonthelatest“Asia’s50bestrestaurants”list,progressiveIndianrestaurantGagganisoneofthemostexcitingvenues(场所)toarriveinBangkokinrecentyears.ThebesttableinthistwostorycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.Culinarytheateratitsbest.

WhatisspecialaboutGaggan?A.IthiresstafffromIndia.B.Itputsonaplayeveryday.C.Itserveshard-to-findlocaldishes.D.Itshowsthecookingprocesstoguests.

Gaggan

Earningfirstplaceonthelatest“Asia’s50bestrestaurants”list,progressiveIndianrestaurantGagganisoneofthemostexcitingvenues(场所)toarriveinBangkokinrecentyears.ThebesttableinthistwostorycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.Culinarytheateratitsbest.读题干，确定定位词

WhatisspecialaboutGaggan?可知，在Gaggan餐厅你可以看到厨师Gaggan和他的员工工作的情形即Gaggan餐厅的特别之处在于它向客人展示了烹饪的过程故选D.Itshowsthecookingprocesstoguests.3.(2023年全国乙卷·23)

RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831-1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.

WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?A.JacquelineFelicedeAlmania. B.TanYunxian.C.JamesBarry. D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.

RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831-1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.

WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?读题干，确定定位词由此可知，RebeccaLeeCrumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非洲裔美国人故选D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.语意转换［典型例题］(2023年新课标Ⅰ卷·21)

WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.故选B项可知，“我”们提供各式最新款的自行车B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.属于同义转换1.(2023年新课标Ⅰ卷·27)“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoselfrepair.”［对点练习］A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?

1.(2023年新课标Ⅰ卷·27)“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”可知，把有机体放在新的关系中并观察发生了什么。然后，让这些新系统发展出自己的自我修复方式。由此可见，约翰的工作基于对自然界自我修复能力的认识故选A.Naturecanrepairitself.同义

2.(2023年新课标Ⅱ卷·35)“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.A.Languagestudy. B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication.

WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?

2.(2023年新课标Ⅱ卷·35)“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.读题干，确定定位词

WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?B.Environmentalconservation.同义故选B

数字计算题一般涉及年龄、时间、价格、距离等的简单计算。一般而言，此类题只要找到原文出处，经过简单换算就可找出正确答案，但命题者往往会采取偷换概念、变更细节等手段设置干扰项，考生若不仔细比较，很容易失分。数字计算特殊数据加减乘除法一定:将题干中的数字、名词等确定为定位词二找:在文中找到相关数据三运算:将相关数据进行计算，选出答案

特殊数字double两倍,couple两个,fortnight两周,dozen十二,score二十,decade十年特殊词汇freeofcharge/forfree免费,

off减价,discount打折解法步骤［典型例题］(2023年新课标Ⅰ卷·22)PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00A.15.75. B.19.50. C.22.75. D.29.50.

Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00

Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?14.75+8=22.75欧元故选C.22.75.

1.(2023年全国乙卷·30)Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.［对点练习］

Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?A.20%.B.24%.C.25%.D.33%.60s

1.(2023年全国乙卷·30)Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore...因此，使用更多不同配料的人的比例为接近三分之一可知，约三分之一的人表示他们现在比过去使用更多样化的配料故选D.33%.2.(2023年1月浙江卷·23)

ExplorersCamp

·Fulldaycampforkidsaged5-13.

·Monday-Friday,July8-26,9am-4pm.

Week1|July8-12

Week2|July15-19

Week3|July22-26

·Registerforasingleweekormultipleweeks.

·Fees:＄365perweek.

·Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15.CampStructureThedayisdividedintotwothematicsessionsperagegroup.Campershaveathree-hourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9amto12noon)andaone-hourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthree-hourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1pmto4pm).Snackperiodsareheldthroughouttheday.Allcampersshouldbringtheirownbaggedlunchandsnacks.A.15. B.21. C.30. D.42.

Howmanyhoursofclasswillyouhavealtogetherifyouregisterforasingleweek?2.(2023年1月浙江卷·23)

ExplorersCamp

·Fulldaycampforkidsaged5-13.

·Monday-Friday,July8-26,9am-4pm.

Week1|July8-12

Week2|July15-19

Week3|July22-26

·Registerforasingleweekormultipleweeks.

·Fees:＄365perweek.

·Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15.可知，一周安排五天的活动CampStructureThedayisdividedintotwothematicsessionsperagegroup.Campershaveathree-hourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9amto12noon)andaone-hourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthree-hourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1pmto4pm).Snackperiodsareheldthroughouttheday.Allcampersshouldbringtheirownbaggedlunchandsnacks.因此，如果你注册一周，你总共有30个(5×6)小时的课程可知，上午和下午均有一个三小时的课程，即全天共有6个小时的课程故选C.30

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.归纳概括［典型例题］(2023年新课标Ⅰ卷·24)

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?60sA.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.第一段:JohnTodd从小喜欢探索周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。长大后，他开始思考是否可以利用这个过程来清理人类制造的污染。

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.探索精神第二段:在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业后，John继续观察大自然并提出问题。概括：John具有探索精神和好奇心，对自然有着浓厚的兴趣故选C.Hehadaninquiringmind.［对点练习］

1.(2023年新课标Ⅰ卷·30)Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.60s

1.(2023年新课标Ⅰ卷·30)Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.作者将指导读者进行自己的数字净化作者参考了他在2018年进行的一项实验，该实验有1600多人参与了数字净化概括：第一部分的最后一章介绍了数字净化的实验参与者的实例故选C.Practicalexamples.

2.(2023年新课标Ⅱ卷·32)Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.

Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeattheb