丰台区2023届高三一模英语试题及答案

丰台区2022〜2023学年度第二学期综合练习（一）

高三英语

2023.03

本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上

作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

笔试（共三部分100分）

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，

并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Ithadbeenaninterestingsoccermatch.Jerrywassoabsorbedinitthateveryone1his

passionforsports.Healsodevelopeda2attitudetowardsacquiringsuchasocceruniform.

Whateverhedesires,heaskshisparentstopurchaseitinasplitofseconds.

“Mom,Iwantasocceruniform,hebeggedhismother.

“OK,"saidhismother,“butyouneedtohave3

Thedayspassedby,buthegotno4fromhisparents.Hisdreamseemedtocollapse.

However,Jerrynevergaveuphisidea.Hekeptthinkinghowtoachieveitasearlyaspossible.A

sparklingideastruckhismind.Hecould5oneofhisT-shirts,butwhatifhismothersawand

scolded（责备）？Thoughanxious,hefinallymadeuphismind.

HedrewacirclewiththehelpofabowlandmodifiedthesoccerimageontotheT-shirt.He

alsotook6toavoidthespreadofcolorontotheothersideofit,Itwasaremarkablepieceof

work.

ctJerry!Whatareyoudoing?”hismothersuddenlyappeared.

“Imaynotgettheuniform,butIcantrytopainttheimageonmyT-shirt,Ithought.^^Hewas

7tofacehismother.Butoutofhisexpectation,hismother8himforhisworkignoring

themistake.ShedidnotmindtheT-shirtinthepresenceoftheideaofpainting.

“It'sOK,"saidMom.

Ifwehadfulfilledyoureverywant,yourinborn9wouldhavebeenhidden.Youwouldn't

havethoughtofotheralternativeingettingtheuniform.Thataddstoyour10toachieveyour

goal,^^shesaid.

“Thankyou,Heranplayfully.

1.A.controlledB.sensedC.supportedD.expected

2.A.thirstyB.realisticC.cautiousD.selfish

3.A.confidenceB.motivationC.inspirationD.patience

4.A.decisionB.responseC.judgmentD.recognition

高三英语共10页第1页

5.A.purchaseB.exchangeC.paintD.sew

6.A.interestB.energyC.courageD.care

7.A.eagerB.surprisedC.afraidD.relieved

8.A.appreciatedB.blamedC.rewardedD.thanked

9.A.tasteB.fondnessC.talentD.fear

10.A.willpowerB.honestyC.responsibilityD.tolerance

第二节(共10小题海小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出

提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

WangwasbornandgrewupinAmerica,butshe11(build)solidtieswithChineseculture

sinceshewasalittlegirl.Sheisnowridinganewtrend:mixingandmatchingmodemclotheswith

traditionalHandress,orhanfu.Shehasbeenpostingvideosof12(she)dressedinhanfuonthe

Internet,whichhasattractedmanyfansonChineselifestyle.64Ilovehanfu.Pvemademanyvideos,

13(aim)tohelpmorepeoplelearnaboutit,“WangtoldBeijingReview.

B

Engineersinventedanewdevicetoproducesolarelectricityatnight.Solarpanelstransform

sunlightintoenergy,sothey14(traditional)workonlyduringdaylighthours.Thisdevice,

however,15(use)athermometricgenerator,whichcreatesenergy,fromdifferencesin

temperature.Inthiscase,cooleveningairisaslightlydifferenttemperaturethanthesolarcellin

thepanel.Thatbecomesenergy16istransformedintoelectricity.Thedevicecouldbehelpful

inareas17(locate)farfromapowergrid(电网).

C

Astudyshowedhowmuchdogslovetheirowners.Intheexperiment,theresearchersfirst

measuredhowmanytears18(produce)bydogswhentheywerejustspendingtimeathome

withtheirowners.Theteamthenrepeatedtheexperiment)thistime/withdogsthatwerereunited

withtheirowners19beingapartforfivehours.Theresultsshoweddogsonlyshedtearsduring

thereunions.Theteamnowwantstofindout20dogshaveasimilaremotionalresponsewhen

reunitedwithotherdogs.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题，每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该

项涂黑。

A

Givealittlesunshine!

TheCouncilonAging(COA)runsatelephonefriendshipprojectcalledtheSunshineCall

Program,matchingover-60swithafriendlyvolunteerforadailychatoverthephone.Theaimis

高三英语共10页第2页

simple--tohelpeasethelonelinessandrepairsocialnetworks..

Sheila,77,aretiredteacher,livedalone.ShehasbeenreceivingcallsfromRianne,a

volunteer,forovertwomonths.

“TalkingtoRianneissomethingIreallylookforwardto-abreathoffreshair.Wetalkabout

everything-theatre,herwork,bookswe'veread...Listeningtosomeoneelse*slifeenriches.20IL

andgivesyousomethingpositivetofocuson.^^

“Atthebeginning,Ihadnoexpectationofhowthephonecallswouldgo,butit'swonderful

thatit'sledtoagenuine,friendshipRiannehelpsmealot..

Areyoureadytoaddalittlesunshinetoasenior,slife?

TheSunshineCallPrograminitiallylinksavolunteerwithanisolate（独居的）seniorforadaily

calWhencomfortablethevolunteerintroducesasecondseniortothecall.Thenanother,untilthere

arefourseniorstoonevolunteeronwhatisessentiallyaconferencecall.Withouthavingtoleave

thehouse,youwillhelptheseniorsmeetandmakenewfriends.Theywillthenexchangephone

numberstochatontheirownandreducetheirisolation.

Whatarethevolunteerqualifications?

VolunteersmusthaveaccesstotheInternetandbewillingtobetrainedontheuseofachat

app.COAwillprovideallsuppliesrequiredtomakethecalls.Besides,volunteersmustagreeto

participateinmonthlymeetingswithothervolunteersandguestspeakers.Allvolunteersmustbe

willingtoprovidearecentCriminalRecordCheck,thecostofwhichwillbebornebyCOA.And

themostimportantvolunteerqualificationisasenseofcaringandadesiretohelpseniorsinthe

community!

IfyouwishtovolunteerwithourSunshineCallprogram,neverhesitate!JustCLICKHEREto

fillouttheapplicationform.

21.WhydoesthepassagementionSheila*sexperience?

A.Toshowherloneliness

B.Toshareasweetmemory.

C.TostressthevalueofCOA.

D.TopraiseRianne'skindness.

22.Oneoftheresponsibilitiesofvolunteersis.

A.makingweeklycallstoseniors

B.visitingseniorsduringholidays

C.introducingnewfriendstoseniors

D.teachingseniorstousesmartphones

23.Ifyouwanttobeavolunteer,whatareyourequiredtodo?

A.Learntheuseofachatapp..

B.Prepareacomputerbyyourself.

C.Offeraletterofrecommendation.

高三英语共10页第3页

D.Haverelevantworkingexperience.

24.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.ToinformthereadersofCOA.

B.ToinviteseniorstosignupforCOA

C.TointroducevolunteerworkinCOA.

D.ToadvertisefornewvolunteersforCOA.

B

Thiswasthefirstcommunicationthathadcomefrom,herauntinJessie'slifetime.

“Ithinkyouraunthasforgivenmeatlast,“herfathersaidashepassedtheletteracrossthetable.

Jessielookedfirstattheautograph（签名）.Itseemedstrangetoseeherownnamethere.There

wasalikenessbetweenheraunt'sautographandherown,ahintofthesamedecisivenessand

precision.IfJessiehadbeeneducatedfiftyyearsearlier,shemighthavewrittenhernameinjust

thatmanner.

attheautograph.

“IshouldthinkyoumustalmosthaveforgottenwhatAuntJessiewas

“Morethanforty,herfathersaid."Wedisagreed,Weinvariablydisagreed.Jessiealways

pridedherselfonbeingsomodem.ShereadDarwinandthingslikethat.Altogetherbeyondme,I

“Andsoitseemsthatshewantstoseeme."Jessiestraightenedhershouldersandliftedher

head,Shewasexcitedatthethoughtofmeetingthismythicalauntwhomshehadsooftenheard

about.Sometimesshehadwonderedifthepersonalityofthisremarkablerelativehadnotbeena

figment（虚构）ofherfather'simagination.

Butthisletterofhersthatnowlayonthebreakfasttablewasadmirableincharacter/Therewas

somethingofintoleranceexpressedinitstone.Itwasjustlikewhatherfatherhadtoldher

Mr.Deanecameoutofhispastmemorieswithasigh.

“Yes,yes;shewantstoseeyou,mydear,“hesaid.'Tveheardshehassetupaschooland

helpedmanyyoungsters...Ithinkyouhadbetteracceptthisinvitationtosaywithher.Ifshetooka

Hesighedagain,andJessieknewtatforthehundredthtimehewasregrettinghisownpast

weakness...

25.HowwastherelationshipbetweenJessie'sfatherandheraunt?

A.Itremainedverycloseovertheyears.

B.Itwasbrokenwhentheywereyoung.

C.Itgottenserduetoamisunderstanding.

D.Itwasuneasyfortheirfinancialdifferences.

26.Fromthepassage,weknowJessiewas.

A.eagertomeetheraunt

高三英语共10页第4页

B.cautiousaboutheraunt'sinvitation

C.angrywithherauntforignoringherfamily

D.puzzledbyheraunt'ssuddeninterestinher

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Jessie*sauntpromisedtoofferherbettereducation.

B.Jessie'saunt'spersonalityseemedtochangealot.

C.Jessie'sandherauntweredifferentinpersonality.

D.Jessie*sfatherfeltsorryforwhathehaddone.

C

Manypeoplewouldanswerthequestionofwhatmakesushumanbyinsistingthatweare

culturalbeings.Thereisnodoubtthatweare.Butonedefinitionofcultureisthetotalityoftraditions

acquiredinacommunitybysociallearningfromotherindividuals,andmanyanimalspecieshave

traditions.Canwethensaythatsomeanimalsareculturalbeingstoo?

Oneapproachtostudycultureinanimalsistheso-calledMethodofExclusion（抖F除），inwhich

scientistsinvestigatebehavioralvariationsacrosspopulationsofonespecies.Inafamousstudy,

scientistslearnedthatchimpanzee（黑猩猩）behaviorsweresociallypassedon）astheywerepresent

atsomesitesbutnotatothers,despitehavingsame/ecologicalsettings.Forexample,chimpanzees

inTaiNationalParkinIvoryCoastarewell-knowfortheirnut-crackingskills.Chimpanzeesin

GombeNationalParkinTanzania,ontheotherhand,donotcracknuts,althoughnutsexistintheir

environmenttoo.

However,whenapplyingtheMethodofExclusion,onehastobeverycareful.Thereareother

factorsthatcouldalsoexplainthepatternofbehavioralvariation.Forexample,someofthe

chimpanzeetechniquesscientistsevaluatedoccurinonlyoneofthethreesubspecies.Soit'squite

possiblethatthesebehaviorsalsohaveaninnatecomponent.Thiswouldmeanthatonechimpanzee

subspeciesusesanewtechniquenotoutofculturaltradition,butbecausethebehaviorisfixedto

specificgenes.AnotherfactorthathastobeexcludedisofcoursetheenvirotmentChimpanzeesin

Mahaledonotfishalgae（水藻），simplybecausealgaedoesnotexistthere.

Butwhenweexcludeallthevariationsthatcanbeexplainedbygenesorenvironment,westill

findthatanimalsdoshowculturalvariations.Doesthatmeanthereisnorealdifferencebetween

themandusafterall?Notexactly.Thereisafundamentaldifferencebetweenhumanandanimal

culture.Onlyhumanscanbuildculturallyonwhatgenerationsbeforeushavelearned.Thisiscalled

“cumwheel.Thisiscalledthe"ratchet（棘轮）

effect”.Likearatchetthatcanbeturnedforwardbutnotback,people*sculturaltechniquesevolve.

Itislikelythatbehaviorsweseetodayinchimpanzeeculturescouldbeinventedoverandover

againbyindividualanimalsthemselves.Incontrast,achildborntodaywouldnotbeabletoinvent

acomputerwithouttheknowledgeofmanypastgenerations.

28.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofthechimpanzeesintwoparksinParagraph2?

A.Toprovethatculturedoesexistinanimals.

高三英语共10页第5页

B.Tojustifytheuniquenessoftheresearchmethod.

C.Tocomparehowchimpanzeesbehaveindifferentparks.

D.Tostresstheimportanceofenvironmentinstudyingculture.

A.Advanced.

B.Inborn.

C.Adaptive.

D.Intelligent.

30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Cumulativecultureiswhatsetshumansapartfromanimals.

B.Cultureinanimalsisasworthytobevaluedashumanculture.

C.Animalsdon*thavetheabilitytoinventbehaviorsinacommunity.

D

WhenElinorLobelwas胰岛素）pumpwasattachedtoherbody.Powered

byAI,ittracksherglucoselevelsandadministerstherightdoseofinsulinattherighttimetokeep

herhealthy.ItisoneofthenewwaysthatdataandAIcanhelpimprovelives.

Booksthatcriticizethedarksideofdataareplentiful.Theygenerallysuggestthereismuch

moretofearthanfeteinthealgorithmic算法的）age.

Buttheintellectualtidemaybeturning.Oneofthemostpersuasivesupportersofamore

balancedviewisElinorLobeFsmother,Orly,alawprofessor.InTheEqualityMachineshe

acknowledgesAl'scapacitytoproduceharmfulresults.Butsheshowshow.intherighthands,it

canalsobeusedtofightinequalityanddiscrimination.

Aprincipleofprivacyrulesis“minimization”:collectandkeepaslittleinformationaspossible,

especiallyinareassuchasraceandRender.MsLobelflipsthescript,showinghowinhiring,pay

andthelegalsystem,knowingsuchcharacteristicsleadstofaireroutcomes.

MsLobel'scalltousemore,notless,personalinformationchallengesdata-privacy

orthodoxy（正统观念

advocatesalooseningofprivacyrulestoprovidemoretransparency（透明）overalgorithmic

decisions.

Theproblemswithalgorithmicformulae（公式）aretackledindepthinEscapefromModel

LandbyEricaThompsonoftheSchoolofEconomics.Thesestatisticalmodelsarethebackboneof

bigdataandALYetaperfectmodelwillalwaysbebeyondre

wisesaying."Someareuseful.^^

MsThompsonfocusesonachallengeshecallstheHawkmothEffect.Inthebetterknown

ButterflyEffect,aserviceablemodel,inthepredictionofclimatechange,becomeslessreliableover

timebecauseofthecomplexityofwhatitissimulating（模拟）,orbecauseofinaccuraciesinthe

originaldata.IntheHawkmothEffect,bycontrast,themodelitselfisflawed;itmightfailtotake

高三英语共10页第6页

fullaccountoftheinterplaybetweenhumidity,windandtemperature.

Theauthorcallsondatageekstoimprovetheirsolutionstoreal-worldissues,notmerelyrefine

theirformulae-inotherwords,toescapefrommodelland.44Wedonotneedtohavethebestpossible

Boththesebooksexhibitahealthyrealismaboutdata,algorithmsandtheirlimitations.Both

recognizethatmakingprogressinvolvesacceptinglimitations,whetherinlaworcoding.AsMs

Lobelputsit:"It'salwaysbetteitolightacandlethantocursethedarkness.9,

31.MsLobelintendstoconveythat.

A.minimisationisagoodprivacyruletogoby

B.algorithmsarecurrentlychallengedbydataprivacy

C.employingmorepersonaldatashouldbeencouraged

D.identifyingalgorithms*problemsleadstobetteroutcomes

A.ItdevelopsfromButterflyEffect.

B.Itemphasizesaccuracyoforiginaldata.

C.Itenjoyspopularityinclimateresearchfield.

D.Itismentionedtoshowthemodelcanbefaulty.

33.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriterprobablyagree?

A.Usingalgorithmstodetectdifferencesishard.

B.Theapplicationofdataandalgorithmsislimited.

C.Thereliabilityofdatashouldbeattachedimportanceto.

D.Improvingalgorithmsinvolvesacceptingitsimperfection.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TheAlgorithm'sProspect

B.TheAlgorithm'sMercy

C.TheAlgorithm'sComplexity

D.TheAlgorithm'sRecognition

第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项

涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Expressivewritingorjournalingisonewaytohelpyouhealfromtrauma（仓Y伤）35.Itcan

helpyouprocesswhatyou'vebeenthroughandassistyouasyouenvisionapathforward.

Whydocsawritinginterventionwork?36Infact,narratingthestoryofanongoinganxiety

""freesup“cognitiveresources.Whenyouwritedowntheemotionsassociatedwithatraumatic

experience,youmaybechangingthewayitisorganizedinthebrain.Youarethenabletodetach

fromtheemotion,makingiteasierforyoutotalkaboutandprocesstheevent.

However,formostpeople,thethoughtofacknowledgingemotionsandadmittingthatthere's

somethingwrongwithusisdifficultThisisbecauseexpressingemotionscanbringupfeelingsof

高三英语共10页第7页

guiltandshame.37.Thatiswhatsetsjournalingapart.Thisisbetweenyouandyourjournal-

youdon'thavetoshareitwithanyoneunless,ofcourse,youchooseto.

Ifyou'reinterestedintryingoutwritingasatoolforhealing,startyourwritingbysettinga

timerfortenminutes.38.Thinkofoneobjectinyourhomethatsignifiesamomentforyou.See

itinfullcolor.Feeltheweightofit.Useallyoursenses.Now,writeaboutthatobjectandseehow

largeitsmeaningcanbecome.

39Howyouhealfromtraumacanbedifferentfrompersontopersonaswell.Italldepends

onwhatworksbestforyou.Remember,onesizedoesnotfitall.Writingmaynotworkforeveryone,

butyouwon'tknowifyoudon'ttry.

A.Despitethat,expressivewritingremainsanaccessibletool,

BOfcourse,expressivewritingishardlyapanacea（灵丹妙药）.

C.Also,seekinghelpforemotionalstressisoftenseenasasignofweakness.

D.Itmayseemabnormalthatwritingaboutnegativeexperienceshasapositiveeffect.

E.Onceyouhaveabetterhandleoyourproblems,youcanmoveforwardandgetonwithlife.

F.Itiswritingfromyourheartandmindandabouttheemotionassociatedwithacertainevent.

G.Letyourmindgotothedetailed,specificmomentstogettothefeelingsandtruthofyour

experience.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Ifyou'vespentanytimeonsocialmediasites,you'veprobablynoticedit:parentssharenews,

photos,andotherinformationabouttheirchildren.Thisphenomenoniscalled“sharenting”,a

combinationofthewords“sharing”and"parenting”.

Muchoftheresearchonsharentingfocusesonwhyparentschoosetoshareonline.Studies

foundthatforparentsofinfants（婴）L）,sharentingcanhelpeasethesocialisolationthatcomeswith

thisperiodintheirchildren'slives.Parentsofteenagersalsoshareinformationabouttheirkidson

socialmedia.Researchhasshowntheirmotivationsincludecommunicatingtheirprideintheir

children'saccomplishmentsandinformingfriendsandfamilyabouttheirkids'lives.

However,whenparentspostabouttheirchildrenonsocialmediawithhighfrequency,the

phenomenonof“oversharenting“occurs,whichcanbeagreatcauseforconcern.Forexample,if

parentssharetoomuchinformationthattheirchildrendon'twantdisclosed,itmayleadthemtowith

oldinformationabouttheirlivesfromtheirparentssotheycanbettercontrolwhatcanandcan'tbe

postedaboutthem.

Additionally,thecutephotosorfunnyobservationsparentsshareonlineabouttheirchildren

couldbecomeaproblemwhentheirkidsgetolder.Inparticular,collegesandemployersare

increasinglycheckingapplicants*onlineactivity,andasaresult,informationpostedbyparentscould

becomeasourceofembarrassmentoraffectapotentialcollege'soremployer'sassessmentoftheir

高三英语共10页第8页

child.

Sharinginformationhasneverbeenfasterthaninthedigitalage.Whileitcanbevery

convenienttopostmilestonesoftheirchildren,it*simportantforparentstoensurethey'resharening

responsibly.Afterall,it*snotjustapicture,it'sthechildandtheirdigitalfootprint.

40.Accordingtothepassage,whatissharenting?

41.Whydoparentsofinfantschoosetoshareonline?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

»Whenparentsoversharent,theirchildrenmaymakeupinformationabouttheirlivesto

bettercontrolwhatcanandcan*tbepostedaboutthem.

43.Besideswhat'smentionedinthepassage,whatelsecanyoudoifyourparentsoversharent?(In

about40words)

第二节(20分)

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校即将举办“中医药文化”主题活动，你打算邀请交

换生Jim参加。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1.介绍