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UNIT3DIVERSECULTURES

1课前,基础拉清单一(新语境再认再现•学案式应用盘点)

一、阅读词汇一一在词块中明义

1.ethnicfestivals民族节日

2.amercymission慈善任务

3.acomicplay一部滑稽的戏剧

4.immigrantcommunities移民社区

5.apoetryreading诗歌朗诵会

6.asouvenirshop纪念品商店

7.amildwinter温和的冬天

8.aneatsuit整洁的西装

二、表达词汇一一在语境中活用

(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思

1.Whenexactlydidtheincidentoccur?(.上发生)

2.Afterwardsshewassorryforwhatshe'dsaid.(adv.后来)

3.Youmustplacetheseeventsintheirhistoricalcontext,(adj.历史的)

4.Shemanagedtoseekhelpfromaneighbour.寻求)

5.Hishonestyearnedtheadmirationofhisfriends,(P.赢得)

6.Hebegantokeepajournallastyear.(〃.日记)

7.Theplanecrashclaimedmanylives.(此夺取)

8.Thebirdhasescapedfromthecage.(,上逃走)

9.Fatherfoldedthemap,puttingitinthebox.(P/折叠)

10.Thepaintingcomesfromhisprivatecollection.(〃.收藏品)

11.Theseflowerswillnotgrowincoldclimates.(〃.气候)

12.Hesettleddowninatown.(vi.定居)

13.Themuseumcontainsanumberoforiginalartworks.含有)

(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式

1.SanFranciscoisacitythathasdiversecultures,(adi.多种多样的)

拓展:diversity/?.差异(性);不同(点);多样性

2.Fortunesmiledonhim.(〃.机会)

拓展:fortun展eadj.幸运的;吉利的ffortunatelyadv.幸运地funfortunatelyadv.

不幸地

3.Hewasadmittedintoatopuniversity,(P.准许进入)

拓展:admissionn.允许进入;入场费;承认

4.MothertookalongtimeinselectingahatforMary.(匕挑选)

拓展:selectionn.选择

5.Somefoodcontainsadeadlypoison.(〃.毒素)

拓展:poisonousadj.引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的

6.Thelibraryisunderconstruction.(〃.建造)

拓展:constructvt.建设;修建

7.Thispairofglassessuitsyou.(适合)

拓展:suitablead"合适的

三、词块短语一一在语境中辨义活用

(写出加黑部分在语境中的汉语意思、)

1.Withthesewords,sheheadedtothekitchenandbroughtmyfavourite.(向...)

去

2.Thekidsaskedtheteacheraseriesofquestions.一连串

3.ApartfromFrance,theyvisitedBritainandFinland.除了...外

4.Carelessnesswillbringaboutaccidents.导致

5.Activitiesavailableincludearcheryandswimming,tonamebutafew.仅举

几例

6.ThePresidentvisitedtheareatoseethedamageatfirsthand.亲自

7.Hehadknown,whenhecametoLondon,thathewouldhavetoworkhardtoearn

aliving,andhewassuccessful.谋生

8.Attheageoftwenty-one,hesetofftoseekhisfortuneinthegreatcity

ofLondon.寻找成功致富之路

四、经典句式一一在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法

1.

However,somesurvivedtheseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemore

NativeAmericanslivinginCaliforniathaninanyotherstateof

教材原句America.(Therebesb./sth.doingsth.)

然而,有些人挺过了这段可怕的时期,如今居住在加州的印第安人比美国其他

任何一个州都多。

(2021年8省联考卷写作)Therearesomekind-heartedpersonsgoingoutof

写作亮句theirwaytolendahand.

有些好心人特意伸出援手。

2.

WhatstartedasaresidentialareaforChineseimmigrantsthenturnedinto

教材原句acentreforChineseculture.(what引导名词性从句)

这里原本是中国移民的居住地,后来变成一个中国文化中心。

(2021•新高考I卷写作)W新tattractsmeisitsinspiringstories.

写作亮句

吸引我的是它鼓舞人心的故事。

五、“续写”片段一一在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美

心理或动作描写之“绝望与紧张”

Theelderlycouplewalkedtowardshimandtoldhimnottocry."Shewouldbe

saddenedbyyourtearsifshewerehere."Theysaid.Wordsknottinginhisthroat,

hecouldn,tutterasyllablebutweptasthefiguresofthecouplegradually

faded.Umbrellaslippedoutofhishands,rainwethisclothesandhewas

heartbroken.Thosesweetandbittermemoriesflashedacross,andthenhegrabbedone

papercranewithtremblinghands.Eyes1ingeringonthesamesmileheusedtoobsess

with,heshuffledtowardhiscarlikeadrunkenman.

这对老夫妇向他走来,告诉他不要哭。“如果她在这里,你的眼泪会让她伤心的。”他

们说。他嗓子里哽咽着,说不出一个音节,但随着这对夫妇的身影逐渐消失,他哭了起来。

伞从他手中滑落,雨水打湿了他的衣服,他心碎了。那些甜蜜和痛苦的回忆从脑海中闪过,

然后他用颤抖的手抓住一只纸鹤。眼睛停留在他曾经迷恋的微笑上,他像醉汉一样拖着脚步

走向他的汽车。

[点评]本段使用了knot,utter,weep,slip,wet,flash,grab,tremble,linger,

shuffle等动词,形象到位地渲染出了一个悲苦绝望的画面。

2课堂•深化学习单(全面性诊断自查•重点性解惑扫盲)

一、单词除短语——层级突破•梯度提能

层级(一)低阶词汇练中过

1.fortunen.机会;运气;命运;大笔的钱

[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)

©ManyimmigrantsheadedtoCaliforniatoseektheir(they)fortunebutended

updoingdiverseoddjobstoearnaliving.

©Determinednevertocomebackbeforehecouldmakeabigfortune,Mikeleft

homewithoutsayingaword.

③]hopeyouarefortunateenoughtob。admittodtoanidealuniversity.

我希望你能足够幸运被理想的大学录取。

[系统归纳]

(l)makea/one,sfortune发贝才

try/seekone'sfortune碰运气

(2)fortunateadj.幸运的

befortunatetodosth.有幸做某事

(3)fortune意为“机会;运气”时,是不可数名词;意为“大笔的钱”时,是可数名

词。

2.seekvt.&&寻找;寻求;争取;(向人)请求

[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)

©Manypeopleintheirlifetimedonotevenseektofind(find)theanswerto

thatquestion.

②Halfanhourlater,hesoughtouthisfriendinthecrowd.

③HeisgoingtoShanghaitoseekhisfortune.

他要到上海去闯世界。

[系统归纳]

(1)seektodosth.试图做某事

seekout挑选/找出

seekone'sfortune寻找成功致富之路;碰运气;闯世界

(2)seek的过去式和过去分词为:sought,sought

3.settlevt.&打.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)

[题点全练](单句语法填空)

①Atlast,hesettleddowninadistrictwheretherewerediverseethnicgroups.

②Havingsettledinabeautifulvillage,hesettlesdowntohiswriting.

[系统归纳]

settledown定居;平静下来;专心于

settlein/intosth.适应(新家、工作、环境等)

settlein在……居住

settledownto(doing)sth.着手认真做某事

4.contain此包含;含有;容纳

[题点全练"单句语法填空)

©Hewassoexcitedthathecouldhardlycontainhimself(he).

②Thenewly-builtstadiumisbigenoughtocontain(contain)twentythousand

studentsandteachers.

③Thecontainercontains(contain)manykindsoffruits,including(include)

apineapple/apineappleincluded(include).

[系统归纳]

(l)containoneself克制自己;自制

(2)contain意为“包括”,侧重“整体内有”,指在某一范围或容器内有某物,不用于

进行时。include“包括”,侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。在句中常构成分词短语

sth.included或includingsth.。

5.bringabout导致;引起;带来

[题点全练]

用bring短语的适当形式填空

①Idon'tclearlyrememberwhobroughtupthequestionbutclearlyrememberit

broughtaboutaheateddiscussion.

②Thereasonwhythegoodsaresoldatsuchalowpriceisthatthemanufacturers

arewillingtobringdownthepriceinreturnforbigvolumepurchases.

③Thepictureoftenbrinesbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofmyhighschooldays.

©Howmuchdoesshebringinnow?

[系统归纳]

bringup抚养;培养;教育;提出;呕吐

bringin引进;获利;赚钱

bringout出版;使显现

bringdown使倒下;减少;降低

bringback把……带回来;使回忆起;使恢复

高阶词汇讲练通

1.admitvi.&这.承认准许进入(或加入);接纳;容纳

[题点全练](单句语法填空)

©Afterwards,hehadtoadmitputting(put)somepoisonousmushroomsinthesoup.

②Aliceputitinthenewspaper,admitting(admit)thatthoughshelikedit,

shedidn'tknowwhereitcamefromorwhatitreallymeant.

③Tohispleasantsurprise,hissonhasbeenadmittedinto/toakeyuniversity.

[进阶学习]

admitdoing/havingdonesth.承认做/做过某事

admitsb./sth.tobe...承认某人/某物是...

系统归纳

beadmittedto/into被接收(入学/入院等)

admitthat...承认...

(l)admit的过去式、过去分词和现在分词分别为:admitted;admitted;

难点解释admitting

(2)admit的一词多义是难点和高考的重点。

[练重难点]

写出下列各句中admit的含义

@1don'treallyliketheauthor,althoughIhavetoadmithisbooksarevery

exciting.承认

⑤SeaLifeMelbourneAquariumadmitsvisitorsfrom9:30amto6:00pm.接名内

©Thedininghalltobecompletednextmonthcanadmit1,000students.容纳

2.occurvi.发生;出现

[题点全练"单句语法填空)

①AgoodideaoccurredtomewhileIwasmakingfortunecookies.

②Itoccurredtometogo(go)downtowntobuysomesouvenirsafterthemission.

[进阶学习]

系统sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事

归纳Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事

(1)occur没有被动语态,不用于进行时。occur作谓语时,主语不能是人。

难点(2)occur的过去时、过去分词和现在分词分别为:occurred;occurred;occurring

释解(3)“某人突然想至U(起)……”可以表达为:

Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...

Ithits/hitsb.that

Itstrikes/strucksb.that...

[练重难点](一句多译)

她突然想起她把钥匙落在办公室里了。

③Itoccurredtoherthatshehadleftherkeyintheoffice,(occur)

@Ithitherthatshehadleftherkeyintheoffice,(hit)

⑤Itstruckherthatshehadleftherkeyintheoffice,(strike)

3.escapevi.&〃.逃走;逃脱;避开刀.逃跑;逃脱;解脱

[题点全练](单句语法填空/翻译句子)

①Heescapedbeingkilled(kill)intheexplosionbecausehehadnotgoneto

work.

②Totheirrelief,theirstudentsnarrowlyescapedfromtheshakingbuilding.

③(2020•浙江高考写作)最后,我们死里逃生,幸运地逃过了被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害。

Atlast,wehadanarrowescape,

fortunatolvoscapingboinLhurtbythohungrypolarboar.

[进阶学习]

(1)escape(doing)sth.逃避(做)某事

系统归纳escapefrom从...逃脱;逃避

(2)haveanarrowescape死里逃生

(l)escape本身含“离开”的意思,后面不需加away或off等。

难点解释

(2)escape意为“被遗忘;被忽视“时,用sth.escapesb.结构表示。

[练重难点](写出加黑词的含义)

④Boblookedbackonlytofindanoldclassmatewhosenameescapedhimforthe

moment.被遗忘

4.suit尤•适合;满足……需要;相配;合身〃,西服;套装

[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)

①Agoodteachersuitshislessonstotheageofhispupils.

②Weshouldfindsomethingmoresuitabletoplay(play)with.

③Besides,it'ssuitableforyoutobringsomelittlegifts,suchasa

specialfoodordrinkfromyourcountry.

另外,对于你来说,带一些小礼物,比如你们国家的特殊食品或饮料是合适的。

[进阶学习]

(1)suit...to...使适合...

(2)suitableadj,合适的

系统归纳

besuitableforsb.(某物)适合某人

besuitabletodosth.适合做某事

suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等;fit多指大小、形状的合适;match

辨析比较

多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。

[练重难点](选词填空:suit/match/fit)

④Thehatdoesn'tsuither.Foronethingitdoesn'tfitbecauseofitssize;

foranotheritscolourdoesn,tmatchhercharmingface.

二、句式聆写作——“仿”中学通•提档增分

句式一仿用是目标

1.Therebesb./sth.doingsth.

[用法规则]

(1)Therebe+名词/代词+现在分词短语(表示主动)

Therebe+名词/代词+过去分词短语(表示被动)

Therebe+名词/代词+不定式短语(表示将来)

⑵其他类似有关there的句型:

Thereseems/appears/happens/usedtobe

There+动词(stand/lie/exist/remain...)

Therebenouse/good/sense/point/need/doubt/possibi1ity

Therebenosuchthing/personas...

[应用体验]

单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子

©Thereismuchmaterialwasted(waste)inourdailylife.

②Thereismuchworktodo(do).Sowehadbetterhurry.

③Therearemanyfactorswhichaccountforhissuccess.(变为简单句)

->Therearemanyfactorsaccountingforhissuccess.

©Therehappenedtobealotofpeoplebytheroad.Theyhelpeduspullthecar

outofthebighole.

路边恰好有很多人,他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。

⑤Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunchintheworld;youmustworkhard.

世上没有免费的午餐,你必须努力工作。

2.what引导名词性从句

[用法规则]

(1)意义:①……的东西或事情

②……的人或的样子③……的数量或数目

④……的时间⑤……的地方

(2)功能:可用作主语、宾语或表语

(3)注意事项:①在结构上相当于“the+名词+定语从句”;②what引导主语从句时,

主句的谓语动词一般根据其成分的含义而定。

[应用体验]

完成句子

①Atallbuildingstandsonwhatwaswasteland.

一座高楼矗立在荒地上。

②Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

中国不再是过去的样子了。

③(2020,浙江高考写作)Whatyouhavetodoistohaveagoodrestandfollowthe

doctor'sadvice.

你要做的就是好好休息,听从医生的建议。

⑷Whattheyneedareacarandsomewater.

他们需要的是一辆车和一些水。

句型转换(把①句改为“the+名词+定语从句”)

⑤Atallbuildingstandsontheplacewhichwaswasteland.

s荒写作一仿写最实效

।写作主题一一节日庆祝।

庆祝节日,享受合家欢乐的幸福:感受节日,体验文化底蕴,领会风土人情。通过该主

题的考查,有助于学生探究世界各地节日和文化,认同本民族文化,弘扬优秀传统文化,增

强文化自信。这一主题也常常出现在高考命题中,如:2021年新高考全国I卷读后续写,

一对双胞胎在母亲节给妈妈准备早餐。

■Di多读多悟——由教材范文学亮点写法

MemoriesofChristmas

(节选自北师大版教材必修第一册UNIT3)

IstillrememberthelastChristmasGrannyspentwithus.Itbeganinthe

middleofNovemberonacold,windyday.IrememberthewindbecauseGranny*sgrey

hairwasamesswhenshearrived.(景的背后是情。寒冷多风的日子很多,记住这一天是

因为记住了奶奶乱作一团的头发)ThatwasalsothedayGrannymovedin.Somehow,atthe

time,Ididn,tknowshewassick.MaybeIwastooyoung,maybeshehidittoowell,

ormaybeIwasjusttooexcitedthatChristmaswasontheway.(笔触细腻地描写了

奶奶搬进来的那一天的情形)

AfterGrannymovedin,shespentmostofhertimeonthebrownsofabythe

fire.Sometimesshewasquiet,butsheseemedhappy.(借助but道出了奶奶积极乐观的

生活态度)WhenIwrotealettertoFatherChristmastellinghimaboutthepresents

Iwanted,Grannymadeanefforttohelpme.Herhandwasslightlyshaky,butshewrote

uFatherChristmas,theNorthPole”ontheenvelope.(回忆了奶奶在她的最后一个圣

诞节依然尽力帮助“我”完成愿望)

OnChristmasEve,GrannytookaseatbythefireasweputuptheChristmastree.I

hungmostofthedecorationsonthebranches.

❶“That'sthemostbeautifultreeTveeverseen,“Grarmysaid.

Thenshestartedsinging,“Oh,Christmastree,oh,Christmastree,youfill

myheartwithmusic...”

Beforebed,GrannyandIleftaplateofsugarbiscuitsoutforFatherChristmas,

andputastockingattheendofmybed.©IrememberGrannysittingonmybedand

singingsoftlyuntilIfellasleep.

MystockingwasfullofsmalltoysandsweetsonChristmasmorning,andthere

werepresentsunderthetree.Iwasonmybestbehaviourasweopenedthe

presents.Later,Grannycalledmeover.

“Ihavesomethingspecialforyou,“Grannywhispered."It'sforallyour

treasures.MerryChristmas.”

Itwasamusicboxwithaballetdancerinside.(声情并茂地叙述了与奶奶一起度

过的最后一个圣诞节的经历)

AfewweeksafterthatChristmas,Grannypassedaway.Ithinkofheroftenthough,

especiallyatChristmas.Eachyear,Itakeoutthemusicboxshegaveme.InsideI

keepGranny,spaperhatandthelettershehelpedmewritethatChristmas.Mumgave

theletterbacktomesomeyearsagowhenInolongerbelievedinFatherChristmas.

❸WhenIthinkaboutwhatmakesChristmassomagical,it'snotjust叉iftsandFather

Christmasthatcometomind.It'salsomymemoryofGranny.NowI'mtheonewhomakes

sugarbiscuitseachyear,andIalwaysmakeoneinaG-shape—GforGranny.(每

逢圣诞节,都会思念奶奶)

由教材学写法

1.学亮点词汇

第一段最后的ontheway形象地写出了圣诞节的临近。第二段中的makeaneffort,

slightlyshaky则暗示了奶奶的身体情况不容乐观,同时也呈现了她在身体不适的情况下

仍尽力陪伴作者的情形。后文描写奶奶在作者床头唱歌时所用的softly一词,以及送给作

者礼物时的whisper一词都在无声中传达了奶奶的慈爱。

2.学高级句式

句❶中I'veeverseen是省略了关系代词的定语从句,修饰先行词tree。这种被最高

级修饰的先行词后再跟I'veeverdone的句式,起到了重复强调的作用,并能给读者留下

深刻的印象。

句❷中until引导时间状语从句,主句中并列连词and连接了两个非谓语动词sitting

onmybed和singingsoftly作宾语补足语,描述了奶奶一系列的动作。

句❸是一个主从复合句,when引导的时间状语从句中what引导名词性从句作think

about的宾语。主句运用了强调句型,意在强调当“我”想到是什么让圣诞节如此神奇时,

“我”想到的不仅仅是礼物和圣诞老人,还有“我”对奶奶的回忆。

3.学行文逻辑

本文写作结构为“线形结构模式”。全文主要回忆了一个特殊的圣诞节经历。行文以时

间为主线,以情感为副线,结合空间、人物、事件、情感等方面的变化将一件事情从开端、

发展、高潮到结局一条线写下来。叙述了“我”与奶奶一起度过的最后一个圣诞节。文章最

后用“我”每到圣诞节都会做的几件事,抒发了对奶奶无限的怀念。作者通过语言描写、环

境描写、心理描写,增加了文章的生动性、表现力,很好地渲染了气氛,增加了文学意蕴。

|@|多积素材一注重积累,充盈写作语料库

I.多积词块一一丰富表达方式

1.atypicalChinesecustom典型的中国习俗

2.setoff出发;动身;使爆炸

3.exchangegifts交换礼物

4.remind...of使……想起……

5.familyreunion家人团圆

6.beworthdoing值得做

7.onspecialoccasions在特殊场合

8.ina...manner以……的方式/态度

9.attendaceremony出席仪式

10.theopeningceremony开幕式

11.culturalexchange文化交流

12.culturalbackground文化背景

13.culturalshock文化冲击

14.holdavarietyofactivities举行各种各样的活动

II.多积佳句----彰显表达功底

1.Itiswell-knowntousallthatournationismadeupof56ethnicgroups,

eachwithitsuniquetraditionalcustoms,costumesandcultures.

众所周知,我们国家有56个民族,每个民族都有自己独特的传统习俗、服装和文化。

2.Thepeoplethererelyonfarming,maincropsbeingriceandbeans.

那里的人们依靠农耕,主要农作物是稻米和大豆。

3.rmgladthatyouhavegreatpassiontoknowabouttraditionalChinese

festivals,especiallytheDragonBoatFestival.Now,I'dliketosharesomedetails

withyou.

我很高兴你对中国传统节日尤其是端午节非常感兴趣。现在,我愿意和你分享一些相关

细节。

4.Inadditiontothesetraditionalactivities,wehaveawiderangeofchoices

suchastravellingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.

除了这些传统的活动外,我们还有很多的选择,比如旅游、拜访亲戚或朋友。

5.Festivalsmakeusreunite,makingallinhighspirits.

节日让我们团聚在一起,使大家兴高采烈。

■Qi多思多练一有趣又有效的片段练笔

一、作文补写表达亮

下面是李华告知外国朋友Jim在新冠肺炎疫情期间是如何庆祝春节的一封电子邮件。请

根据提示,运用上面所学,将文章补充完整。

DearJim,

Howiseverythinggoing?I'mwritingto❶

expressmygratitudeforyourgenuineconcern(表达我对你的真诚关心的感激之情)

andinformyouof❷howwecelebrated(我们如何庆祝;how引导宾语从句)theSpring

Festivalof2021❸thatIstillhavevividmemoriesof(我仍然清晰地记得:memory,

定语从句).

❹应.usual(像往常一样),wepreparedmanydecorationsandtastyfood.But❺

inordertoreducetherisk(为了减少风险)ofCOVID-19transmission,mostpeople

chosetospendSpringFestivalincities❻wheretheywork(他们工作的地方;where

引导的地点状语从句)insteadof❼returningtotheirhometowns(返回他们的家

乡).Ofcourse,asyouknow,❽

itwasinmostareasthatpeoplehadthechancetopayavisittothelocaltou

ristattractions(在大多数地区,人们有机会去参观当地的旅游景点;强调句型).

❾ItwasreallythemostimpressiveSpringFestivalthat(这真是令人印象最

深的春节)Ihavegonethrough.

Yours,

LiHua

二、续写语段思维活

根据下面给出的开头语和情节脉络从语言和动作描写两个角度续写一个80词左右的结

尾。

情节脉络:圣诞节要到了,Della想给丈夫Jim买一个圣诞礼物,但没有那么多钱一她

偷偷卖掉自己的长发给丈夫买了一条银制表链一丈夫却卖掉了手表给她买了一把梳子……

InsideJimspackagewerecombs—somethingspecialtoholdanddecorateher

longhair.

参考范文:

InsideJimspackagewerecombs一somethingspecialtoholdanddecorateher

longhair.Beautifulcombs,puretortoiseshell,withjeweledrims-justtheshade

towearinthebeautifulvanishedhair.Withtears,Dellahuggedthemtoherbosom

andsaid:"Myhairgrowssofast,Jim!”Andthenshecried,“Oh,oh!Giveme

yourwatch.Youdon,tknowwhatanicegiftI'vegotforyou.”Insteadofobeying,

Jimsmiled.aDella,let'sputourChristmaspresentsawayandkeepthema

while.They'retoonicetousejustatpresent.Isoldthewatchtogetthemoneyto

buyyourcombs.”

3课下•训练二联单(理解技能保准度•表达技能上高度)

课时作业(一)语篇阅读训练一一保准度

I.阅读理解

(2023•汕头高三检测)IfyoustoparandompersononthestreetinChina,there,s

aprettygoodchancethattheirsurnamewouldbeeitherWang,Li,Zhang,Liuor

Chen.That'sbecausethosearethefivemostcommonsurnamesinChina—sharedby30%

ofthepopulation.Andthevastmajorityofthepopulationsharejust100ofthose

surnames.Incomparison,theUnitedStatesreported6.3millionsurnamesinits2010

census.

Thereareafewreasonsforthis:Chinaislessraciallydiversethancountries

suchastheUS,whereawealthofminoritygroupsincreasesurnamediversity(多

样性).Italsohastodowithlanguage;youcan'tjustaddarandomstroke(音节)

toaChinesecharacterandcreateanewsurname.

Butthere,salsoanotherfactoratplay:technology.WithChinaroaringintothe

digitalage,nearlyeverythinghasmovedonline—frommakingappointmentstobuying

traintickets.

ThemainproblemisthatnotallChinesecharactershavebeencodedintocomputer

systems.Thatmeantaworldoftroubleifyouhappenedtohaveararecharacterin

yourname.Asof2017,upto60miIlionChinesecitizensfacedthisproblem,according

toXinhua.

Peoplewithrarecharactersintheirnames,whicharen'tcompatible(兼容的)with

existingcomputersystems,cangetleftbehind—pushingmanytochangetheirnames

forthesakeofconvenience,evenifitmeansabandoningcenturiesofheritageand

languages.

Totrytoaddressthis,expertshaveincreasedthedatabasefrom32,000

charactersto70,000characters,accordingtothegovernment.They'restillworking

toexpandittoincludemorethan90,000characters,saidChenJiawei,anassociate

professoratBeijingNormalUniversity.

语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国汉语言文化中的姓氏文化。

1.WhatcanbelearnedfromthecomparisonaccordingtoParagraph1?

A.TherearefewercommonsurnamesinChina.

B.Chinesepeoplelikesharingthesamesurname.

C.TheUnitedStatesownsthemostsurnamesintheworld.

D.6.3millionsurnamesinChinahavebeenshareduntilnow.

解析:选A推理判断题。根据第一段第二、第三句可推知,在中国普通姓氏较少。

2.Whichonedescribessurnamediversityproperly?

A.NewChinesesurnamesareeasytocreate.

B.Surnamediversitytotallydependsontechnology.

C.Minoritygroupscanincreasesurnamediversity.

D.Surnamesincomputersystemsareregularlychanged.

解析:选c细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,少数民族可以增加姓氏的多样性。

3.Whatmayhappentopeoplewithrarecharactersintheirnames?

A.Theywilllosetheirheritage.

B.Theyhavetochangetheirnames.

C.Theyshouldexpandthedatabase.

D.Theymayupgradecomputersystems.

解析:选B细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知,名字里有罕见字符的人可能不得不改

名字。

4.Whyhaveexpertsincreasedthecharacterdatabase?

A.Tosaveheritageandlanguages.

B.TokeepChinesetraditionalculture.

C.Togivepeoplemorechoiceswhennaming.

D.ToletusknowmoreChinesecharacters.

解析:选C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,此处this指的应是倒数第二段

中提到的“名字里有罕见字符”。由此推知,专家增加了字符数据库是为了人们在取名的时

候有更多的选择,而不至于被迫改名。

II.阅读七选五

LearningthewordforfishinChinesecanbeahighlyusefulskill.Knowinghow

tosay“fish"inChineseisbothpracticalandhelpfulinunderstandingcultural

values.

TheChineseCharacterforFish

TheChinesecharacterfor“fish”,writteninthetraditionalform,is像.

5Nomatterwhatformitiswrittenin,thewordforfishinChineseispronounced

like“you”.

CulturalImportanceofFishinChina

ThepronunciationoffishinChinese,"y""isahomophone(同音字)for

“abundance”.6Assuch,fishareacommonsymbolinChineseartandliterature,

andtheyareveryimportantinChinesemythology.

7Thecharactersforthisfishare鲤鱼,pronouncedyii”.Pictures

ofthisfisharealsoacommondecorationfortheChineseNewYear.

FishinChineseMythology

OneofthemostinterestingChinesemythsaboutfishistheideathatacarp

thatclimbedthewaterfallontheYellowRiver(knownastheDragonGate)changed

intoadragon.8Inreality,eachspring,carpcometogetheringreatnumbers

inthepoolatthebaseofthewaterfall.9IthasbecomeacommonsayinginChina

thatastudentfacingexaminationsislikeacarptryingtojumptheDragonGate.

A.Thesimplifiedformis鱼.

B.Butveryfewmaketheclimb.

C.Surprisingly,alotofthemarenotrelatedtofishatall.

D.Thisadditionsuggeststhatfishismostusefultohumans.

E.ThedragonisanotherimportantsymbolinChineseculture.

F.Forexample,Asiancarp(鲤鱼)arethesubjectofmanyChinesestories.

G.ThissimilarityhasledtofishbecomingasymbolofabundanceinChinese

culture.

语篇解读:本文是说明文。文章介绍了“鱼”这一元素在中国文化中的意义。

5.选AA项与上句并列,说明了“鱼”这一汉字的不同字形。

6.选GG项与上句存在语义上的顺承关系,同时该项中的Thissimilarity指代上句

中的“y口"isahomophone(同音字)for"abundance”。

7.选F下句中的thisfish指代F项中的Asiancarp。本段以鲤鱼为例,说明了鱼

在中国文化中的重要性,F项为本段的中心句。

8.

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