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BeijingOpera5.TheCostumes4.TheMusic3.TheRepertoire2.FourMainCharacters1.WhatIsBeijingOpera?6.FacialMake-up
7.FamousBeijingOperaPlayers8.TheHistoryofBeijingOpera1.WhatIsBeijingOpera?oneoftheclassicartformsofimperialChinaasfarbackasthemidQingDynastyasynthesisofstylizedaction,singing,dialogue,mime,acrobaticfightinganddancing2.FourMainCharactersSheng(生)-MaleRoleDan(旦)-FemaleRoleJing(净)-PaintedFaceMaleChou(丑)-TheComedyRoleAnyroleinthesecategoriesorsub-categoriescanbetheleadingroleinaplay.Exceptthesecondcategory-Dan(旦),theotherthreecategoriesareformalecharacters.老生武生小生青衣刀马旦老旦花旦正净副净武净副净:也称“二面”或“架子花”,多表现性格豪爽者,如张飞、李逵等,或奸邪佞幸者,如曹操、赵高等。
ThefeatureofChoucharactersaresimilarwithclowninwesterndrama,theyareusuallyquickandtalkative.文丑武丑茶衣丑3.TheRepertoireThetraditionaloperasconsistofmainlytalesofprecedingdynasties,importanthistoricalevents,emperorsandempresses,ministersandgenerals,geniusesandgreatbeauties.TheyrepresentstoriesfromtheancienttimestoYao,Shun,Yu,theSpringandAutumnPeriod,theWarringStatesPeriodandthedynastiesofQin,Han,Sui,Tang,Song,Yuan,Ming,Qing.OrphanofZhaoFamily
赵氏孤儿FifteenStringsofCoppers
十五贯TheRuseofEmptyCity
空城计StoryoftheWhiteSnake
白蛇传TheDrunkenConcubine
贵妃醉酒Unicorn-TrappingPurse
锁麟囊4.TheMusicbeclassifiedintotwogroups:"Xipi"and"erhong."Theperformanceisaccompaniedbyatuneplayedonwindinstruments,percussioninstruments,andstringedinstruments.Thechiefmusicalinstrumentsbeingjinghu(atwo-stringedbowedinstrumentwithahighregister),yueqin(afour-stringedpluckedinstrumentwithafull-moon-shapedsoundbox),Sanxian(athree-stringedpluckedinstrument),Suonahorn,flutedrum,big-gong,cymbals,small-gong,etc.5.TheCostumesgraceful,elegant,andbrilliantincoloranddesignmadeusinghandsewingandembroideryofahighaestheticvalue蟒
boa[´bəuə]PekingOperacostumes京剧服饰衣
clothes
帔
short
embroidered
cape[im´brэidəd]褶
casualclothes
靠
armour[´a:mə]6.FacialMake-upColouroftypesfacialmakeupinopera红脸的关公战场沙Red:positivemeanings,symbolizingloyal,brave,faithful,andwisemen.GuanYuforexample.Blueorgreen:neutralmeaningssymbolizingtheheroofthebush,withtheformeralsorepresentingstrengthandintrepidity.绿脸的魔鬼斗夜叉Black:neutralmeanings,symbolizingjustcriticized(刚烈)
brave,bintegrity(正直)andevenreckless(鲁莽),
however,theycanalsorepresentuprightness(正直、诚实).黑脸的张飞叫喳喳Yellow:viciousbrutality,suchasDianWei.黄脸的典韦White:negativemeanings.treacherous,insidious奸诈andcraftymen,suchasCaoCao.白脸的曹操Purple:positive,wisdomandbravery.紫色的天王托宝塔Goldandsilver:mysteriousness,monstersorgods.金色的猴王银色的妖怪7.FamousBeijingOperaPlayers梅兰芳程砚秋荀慧生尚小云8.TheHistoryofBeijingOperaahistoryofnearly200years55thyearofthereignofEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty(1790),fourbigoperatroupesfromAnhuiProvinceenteredthecapitalandcombinedwithKunquopera,Yiyangopera,HanjuoperaandLuantantocreatewhatwenowknowasBeijingOpera.OveraperiodofmorethanhalfacenturyofcombinationandintegrationofvariouskindsofoperathereevolvedthepresentBeijingOpera.Asthestorygoes,
EmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty(1636AD-1912AD)became1_________(interest)inthelocaldramaduringhisinspectionoftheSouthernChinaindisguise(伪装).Tocelebratehis80thbirthdayin
1790,
he2_________(order)operagroupsfromdifferent3_________(area)ofChinatoperformforhiminBeijing.Afterthecelebration,fourfamousgroupsfromAnhuiprovincewereaskedtostay,foraudienceswereparticularlysatisfied4_________theirbeautifulmelodies(旋律),colorfulcostumesandinterestingfacialmakeup.5_________(gradual)itreplacedKunquopera,whichhadbeenpopularinthepalaceandamongtheupperranksinBeijing.Later,somegroupsfromHubeiprovincecametoBeijing6_________oftenperformedtogetherwiththeAnhuigroups.Thetwotypesofsingingblendedon7_________samestageandgavebirthtoanewtype8_________wasknownasBeijingopera.Beijingoperaabsorbedvariouselementsofitsforerunners,suchassinging,dancingandacrobatics(杂技),andadapted9_________(it)inlanguageandstyleofsingingtocatertoBeijingaudiences.Withtime10_________(go)by,itspreadalloverthecountry,becomingthemostpopulardramainChina.Furthermore,BeijingoperahasinfluencedChinesedramagreatly.interestedorderedareaswithGraduallyandthewhich/thatitselfgoingPekingOpera,alsoknownasjingjuinChinese,
1
(list)asanIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanitybyUNESCOin2010.PekingOperaisapurelyChineseoperaform
2
(date)backto1790,whenthefamousFourOperaTroupesfirstcametoBeijinganditbeganto
3
(formal)takeshapeinabout1840.ApopularChinesesayingsumsupthestricttrainingrequiredforPekingOpera:“Oneminuteof
4
(perform)requires10yearsofpractice”.ThehighlystylizedancientChineseartform,
5
ahistoryofmorethan200years,
6
(combine)music,dance,drama,andmartialarts.“Manyteenagersare
7
(familiar)withpopmusic,moviesandcomputergamesthanthestudentsattheBeijingOp
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