课件阅读理解之推理判断题课件

稻阅读理解之推理判断题考察目的：在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示做出合理的推测和符合文意的判断。高频考点：推测隐含含义，写作意图，观点态度低频考点：推断下段内容，文章出处，读者对象原则：合文意，合情理，不可过渡推断常见的设问方式(1)Whatcanweinferfromthetext?(2)Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?(3)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?(4)Whatisthepurposeofthistext?(5)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards...?(6)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(7)Wherecanthetextbefound?(8)Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribe...?(1)“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推断出结果。正确选项特征(2)选项中一般不可以出现表示绝对概念的词，如only,never,all和absolutely等;正确答案的表述一般会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly和probably等。干扰选项特征1.事实复述：仅仅对原文事实简化陈述，而不是推断出来的2.背离主题，无中生有：选项背离了文章的主题思想3.过度推断：有时作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做出评论，而一些选项却主观地进行推断。如提到一样东西贵，并不意味着买不起4.以偏概全：一些选项仅对某一句话进行推断，而忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全错误

干扰选项特征5.扩缩范围：改变或者去掉almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually这些词扩大或缩小文意。题型一：细节推理题设问方式●Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.●Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_____

.●Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat_____.

●Whatcanweinferabout...?常见单词：infer，indicate，imply，suggest，conclude，assume24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.(2023·新课标I卷·B)WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.(2023·新高考I卷阅读B节选)ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.题型二：观点态度题考察对人，事，物和内容的观点和态度肯定：positive积极乐观的;

optimistic乐观的; favorable赞同的; approving赞成的; supportive支持的; reasonable合理的enthusiastic热情的satisfied满意的题型二：观点态度题考察对人，事，物和内容的观点和态度否定：disapproving不赞成的;critical批评的;negative否定的,消极的;

dismissive轻视的doubtful/skeptical/suspicious怀疑的;pessimistic悲观的

impractical不切实际的radical激进的prejudiced有偏见的disappointed让人失望的题型二：观点态度题考察对人，事，物和内容的观点和态度中立：objective客观的;

neutral中立的;unconcerned不关心的;

indifferent漠不关心的;uninterested不感兴趣的;

unclear不清楚的ambiguous模棱两可的题型二：观点态度题考察对人，事，物和内容的观点和态度修饰人的：passionate热情的

warm-hearted热心肠的

considerate体贴的; demanding高要求的;generous慷慨的; persevering坚韧的realiable可靠的capable有能力的confident自信的humorous幽默的题型二：观点态度题做题思路：1.明确是谁和对什么事的态度

作者？

文中某人？2.明确表达观点的句子。think，believe，say,引号后面的句子3.明确表达态度的词汇。valuable，hopeful，helpful，well，good.....worry,doubt,concerned,tobetested,notsure.......[典例](2023·新课标I卷·D)OnMarch7，1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomof

crowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-making

areenormous.35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?

A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.

C.Doubtful.

D.Approving.31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner'sbook?A.Objectiveandplain.B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow.D.Humorousandstraightforward.(2023·全国甲卷阅读C节选)Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解读)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire，loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It'sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon'thavealotof.题型三：写作意图题全文的写作意图段落/细节的写作意图紧扣文章主题主旨判断文章首尾段段落首尾句文体推断法议论文说明文记叙文广告文说明观点，提倡做法to

prove/analyze

/show/

argue/persuade介绍事物或解释现象tointroduce/explain/inform..讲故事,分享经历，表达情感，感悟或启示totellastory/toshareanexperience/toentertain/toinspire推销产品，吸引顾客、游客to

attract

visitorsto

sella

producttopromote(推销)...新闻报道toinform/report...题型三：写作意图题写作手法的目的开篇提问讲述相关之事举例，引语或数据让读者关注主题，引出主题引出主题或者提供背景证明某一观点或说明某个主题题型三：写作意图题

(2023·浙江1月卷阅读C)A

machinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco，asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel'sformernationaldebatingchampion.

Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitsibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsof

errorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.题型三：写作意图题

AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There'sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit'stalkingabout.”28.WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C.TointroducethedesignerofProject

Debater.D.Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.(2023·全国甲卷·C)Weinerstarts

eachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencities

andthenframeseachphilosopher'sworkinthecontext

(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theend

resultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlike

Socrates苏格拉底，seelikeThoreau梭罗，listenlikeSchopenhauer叔本华,

andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche尼采.This,morethana

bookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookabout

learningtousephilosophytoimprovealife. 29.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosopher

inpara4?A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks. C.Topraisetheirwritingskills. D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner'sbook 题型四：写作手法题常见的写作手法时间顺序法(timeorder)空间顺序法(spaceorder)列数据(listingdata)举例说明法(givingexample)比较与对比法(comparison)下定义和分类法(definitionandclassification)概括总结（conclusionandsummary）题型四：写作手法题10.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelasttwo

paragraphs?A.Providingexamples.B.Makingasummary.C.Drawincomparisons.D.Explainingaconcept.题型四：写作手法题

(2021·八省联考节选)Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemtodisappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour....

Anotherfavouritetrickistocutorburnsomething,andthenmakeitappearwholeagain.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.Thenhe“magically”makesitappearwholeagainbydisplaying(展示)anotherobjectthathasnotbeencutorburned.题型五：文章出处，文章类别，读者对象看内容判断出处和类别所读文章有极强的时效性，有日期，地点或通讯社名字→newspaper,newsreport新产品/新影片/演出介绍→advertisement文章中有网址或其他网络典型用语,如click，mouse,link等→website旅游景点方面的介绍→travelguide,brochure，journal题型五：文章出处，文章类别，读者对象看内容判断出处和类别时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→magazine,journal,entertainmentsection，amusement科普知识/研究介绍→sciencereport,studyreport,research文化教育性的文章→educationsection活动介绍→notice,announcement题型五：文章出处，文章类别，读者对象

(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisace