2019年6月大学英语四级真题与及答案解析

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

PartIWriting（30minutes）

请于正式开考后半〃'时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试。

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourschoolnewspaperonavolunteer

activity

organizedbyyourStudentUniontohelpelderlypeopleintheneighborhood.Youshouldwriteatleast120words

notmore

than180words.

【范文】

YoungVolunteersVisitedaNursingHome

VolunteersfromouruniversityvisitedanursinghomelocatedinHangzhouonJune14th,whichwashighly

appraised

bytheelderlythere.

Uponthestudents'arrival,tearsofjoyglistenedintheseniors'eyeswhenthe

youngstudentsprese

well-preparedgifts.Then,thestudentstalkedtothemone-on-onewithkindness.Boththeyouthandtheaged

werewilling

tosharetheirlifestories,immersinginanatmosphereofjoy.Whenitwastimefortheyoungsterstoleave,

theelderly

thankedthemoverandoveragain.Andthevolunteersexpressedthattheylearnedalotandwereallstunnedby

the

optimismtheirelderlyfriendshadfortheirfuture.

AccordingtoWinstonChurchill,aBritishstatesman,uwemakealivingbywhatweget,

butwemakealifeby

wegive."Thevisitnotonlyenrichestheseniors'dailylife,butalsoprovidestheyouth

withanopportunitytolearn

importantlifelessonsfromtheelderlyresidents.ByAria,schoolnewspaper

【点评】

写作试题是考查考生综合运用英语语言的能力，四级写作试题对考生的要求也越来越高。今年考查了新闻报道

这一新的文章体裁，这也就意味着出题人更加强调学生把考场作文和真实生活中的写作联系在一起，对于学生观察

生活的能力提出了更高的要求-注意到新闻的格式和内容安排的特点。一方面，新画报道需要写出标题和落款，

标题注意简洁明了，落款既要写出人名还要按照新闻报道的格式写出bysb.,最后还要写出所在的新闻机构。另一

方面，在内容上，分三段进行写作，第一段写导语，点明事件的基本情况（时间、地点、事件、人物、目的或意义）

第二段写经过（一般按照时间顺序进行书写，同时可以对其中一个小事进行特写，中间还可以穿插人物采访）；第三段

写对这一事件，人物的看法、想法和观点。

在体裁上虽然不同于以往四级命题的规律，但是万变不离其宗的是仍然把学生对英语语言能力的运用能力作为

考查重点。综观近五年的四级写作命题趋势，无论是要说明理由、解释原因、阐明影响，第一段的功能始终都是引

入，这跟新闻报道的第一段写导语是一致的，所以考生可以结合以往作文的行文思路作为切入点书写新闻报道。第

二段是浓墨重彩的一段，而新闻报道与普通作文的区别是更侧重事实，所以要求考生在书写的时候只需要客观写出

事情的起因、经过、结果即可。第三段无论是以往的作文还是新闻报道，都需要给出总结（对事件的看法和观点），

在新闻报道的结尾段作出对事件的评价和写出所的感悟就可以了。

今年考查的话题是养老院、农场和当地小学，与考生的生活比较贴近，在写作时，列举的例子应较为典型，这

样阅卷老师很容明白考生文中所描述的内容。同时，考生对这个例子也应很熟悉，能够熟练运用一些有关的词或短

语，这样下笔时才会有话可说，从而将相关的背景知识与正确的语言表达有效地结合起来。这些话题与大学生的生

活息息相关。这些话题对于考生而言都会有话可说，并且能够提出一定的看法和观点。

Part2ListeningComprehension（25minutes）

本次四级听力难度适中，就听力文本的主题而言，难度略有下降。因为今年这套听力的内容和大学生生活较为

贴近，主题以校园，生活类为主，没有难度较大的政治，经济，科技，科普之类的主题，因而，对听力较好的同学

而言，应该会感受到比往年题目听到的生词少。

但题目设置上的难度并没有降低（没有题目，红色字体为猜测出题点）o由于目前还没有试卷选项，单就原文和

出题位置来看，出题位置符合“头尾重点"逻'辑”处等考点，考生在应试时若把握好这这些内容，应能较快反应出对

应的答案。

SectionA

Newsreport1

此篇新闻是关于一个从旧金山游到Alktrask岛屿的9岁男孩，首发于2016年1月美联社的报道。这属于社会

新闻，是新闻中听懂难度较低的一种。但这篇新闻存在较多地点专有名词，可能会对考生在听力中造成影响。

1.新闻主旨题。重点听开头前两句。2.新闻细节题。

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

A9-year-oIdcentralCaliforniaboybravedstrongcurrentsandcoldwatertoswimfromSanFranciscoto

Alcatraz

Islandandback.ACaliforniatelevisionstationEnfresno,reportedTuesdaythatJimSavage,setarecordasthe

youngest

swimmertomakethejourneytotheformerprison.TheTVstationreportedthatbycompletingtheswim,the

fourthgrade

studentfromLosbaniosbrokearecordpreviouslyheldbya1O-year-oldboy.JimsaidthatwavesintheSan

FranciscoBay

hittinghimintheface30minutesintothisswim,madehimwanttogiveup.Hisfathersaid,hehadofferedhis

son100

dollarsasareward.Toencouragehisstrugglingson,hedoubleditto200dollars.Jamespushedforward,making

itto

AlcatrazIslandandbackinalittlemorethan2hours.Alcatrazisoveramilefromthemainland.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.WhatdidtheboyfromcentralCaliforniadoaccordingtoreport?

2.Whatdidthefatherdotoencouragehisson?

Newsreport2

这篇新闻讲述了大家比较熟悉的事件，关于我国将取消晚婚假。内容生词较少，对于考生听懂的难度应该不高。

1.考察新闻中’原因”要素。由于是此篇新闻的第一题，考点句仍然落在头两句。

2.结尾处+转折处考点。

OnthefirstJanuary,newregulationswerecomingtoafactwhicheliminatedanannualleavebonusfor

peoplewhoput

offmarriageuntiltheageof23forwomenand25formen,theSouthChinamorningpostreports.Theholiday

bonuswasto

designtoencourageyoungpeopletodelaygettingmarried,inlineswithChina-childpolicy,butwithJthse

cjnoelicynow

beenabolished,thisholidayincentiveisnolongernecessary.

Thegovernmentsays.Inshanghai,theyoungcoupleattheregistrationofficetoldthepaperthatthey

decidedto

registertheirmarriageassoonaspossibletotakeadvantageoftheexistingpolicy.Becauseanextraholiday

wasabigdeal

forthem.InBeijing,oneregistrationofficehadabout300couplesseekingtogetmarriedthedayafterthe

changeswere

announced.Ratherthantheusualnumber,oftenbetween70and80,butonelawyertellthepaperthechanges

stillhaveto

beadoptedbylocalgovernmentsandthisprocedurestaketime,sopeoplewhoarerushingforamarriagecan

relax.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.WhatwaspurposeoftheannualleavebonusofChina?

4.Whatdowelearnaboutthenewregulations?

Newreport3

这篇新闻新西兰两个女佣创业，专门负责清理家庭聚会后的残局。

1.主旨题。.考点句位于开头处。3.结尾考点。

Everyonelovesagoodhouseparty,butthecleaningupinthenextmorningisn'tas

enjoyable.Nowh

Zealandbasedstartupcompanyaimstobringmessyhomesandevensplittingheadachesbacktonormal.The

properly

namedstartupMorningAfterMaids,waslaunchedabout1monthagoinAucklandbyroom-maidsRebeccaFollyand

CatherineAshers.Asidefromcleaningup,thetwowillalsocookbreakfastandevengetcoffeeandpainkillers

for

recoveringmerrymakers.Althoughtheyarebothgainfullyemployed,theydidcleaningjobsintotheirnightsand

weekends

whichiswhentheirserviceisinmostdemandanyway.

Besidesbeingflattedwithrequestfromacrossthecountry,FollyandAshershavealsoreceivedrequestfrom

theUS

andCanadatoprovidetheservicesthere,theyarereportedlymeetingwithlawyerstoseehowbesttotakethe

business

forward,

Question5—7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?

6.whatisthecommonproblemofthehouseparty?

7.whatareRebeccaFollyandCatherinAshishplanningtodo?

LongConversation1

长对话

这篇长对话生活类题材，话题也是大家非常熟悉的考驾照。是两人就男生的驾考进行对话，男生是对话的核心，

回答女生的问题。

1.细节题。答案在对话开头处。2.细节题。3.细节题。4.细节题。

W:Carl,howdidyourdriver'stheoryexamgo?Itwasyesterday,right?

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

M:Yes,I'vepreparedasmuchasIcould.ButIwassonervoussinceitwasmysecondtrial.Thepeople

whoworked

atthetestcenterwereverykindthough.Wehadalittleconversationwhichcalmedmedownabit,andthatwas

justwhatI

needed.Then,aftertheexam,theyprintedoutmyresult.ButIwasafraidtoopenituntilIwasoutside.Iwas

sucharelief

thatIpassed.

W:Congratulations!Iknewyoucoulddoit.Ithinkyouunderestimatedhowdifficultitwouldbethefirst

time,didn

you?Ihearalotofpeoplemakethatmistakeandgoinunderprepared.Butgoodjobinpassingthesecondtime.

I

proudofyou.Now,allyouhavetodonextisyourroadtest.Haveyouhadanylessonsyet?

M:Yes,thanks.Imsohappytobeactuallyontheroadnow.I'veonlyhadtwo

drivinglessonssofar,an

instructorisveryunderstanding.So,I'mreallyenjoyingit.Ican'

ns^sasreiamther

expensive.20poundsanhour,andtheinstructorsaysI'11needabove30-40lessons8

ihntadtarel,dtat

pounds.So,thistime,I'11needtomakealotmoreeffort,andhopefully,Iime.'11

besuccessfulthefirstt

W:Well,goodluck.

Questions8-11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?

9.Whydidhefailtheexamthefirsttime?

10.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisdrivinglessons?

11.Whatdoesthemanhopetodonext?

LongConversation2

这篇对话是校园场景类的对话，出现了很多往年校园场景类对话中出现过的词汇。对话内容是两个学生在讨论

他们的学习和毕业后的工作。开头题，考点句就在第一轮对话的问句里。细节题，这轮对话是女生提问，男生回答，

重点听男生说话，不难发现only所在的句子。细节题。和第二题同一轮对话，所以重点仍然是男生说自己，或者

女生说对方的内容。最后一轮对话是男生提问，所以重点听女生。关注but转折后的内容。

M:Emma,I'vegotacceptedtotheuniversityofLeads.Sinceyou'regoingto

universityinEngland,doyo

muchitisforinternationalstudentstostudythere?

W:Congratulations.Yes,Ibelieveforinternationalstudents,you'11havetopay

around13,000pounds

abitmorethanthelocalstudents.

M:OK,that'sabout17,000dollarsforthetuitionandfees.Anyway,I'monly

goingtobethereforay

masters.Soitsprettygood.IfIstayedintheU.S.,itdtake2years,andscinostutiat

itolneaslotrfeQ,ODLdliar

haveagoodchanceofwinningascholarshipatLeads,whichwouldbeprettyawesome,thebenefitofbeinga

musicgenius.

W:Yeah,Iheardyouareatalentedpianoplayer.Soyouaredoingapost-graduatedegreenow?

I'irmnsytiHast

year,graduatingnextJune.Finally,I11bedonewithmystudies,andcouldgoontoearning

lotsofmoney.

M:Areyoustillplanningonbeingateacher?Nomoneyatthatjobthen.

W:You'dbesurprised,I'mstillgoingtobeateadiepr.la&ntisthtoeworkataninternationalschool

overseas,after

IgetayearorsoexperienceinEngland.It'sbetterpaid,andIgettotravel,whichreminds

meI

I'vegotsomedocumentsIneedtoprintoutfirst.I'vegottorun.

Questions12-15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?

13.Whatisthemangoingtodo?

14.Whatmightqualifythemanforascholarshipattheleadsuniversity?

15.Whatisthewomanplanningtodoaftergraduation?

Passage1

短文第一篇是说明介绍性的文章，介绍了蚂蚁，着重介绍了对于人类房屋有危害的蚂蚁品种。文章主旨题，答

案出现在听力开篇处。第二题的出现位置较后，需要考生保持耐心。听到“inaddition的”时候紧张起来，就能听到

答案句最后一道题往往出在结尾处。反复出现的信息。

原文：

Scientistshaveidentifiedthousandsofknownantsspeciesaroundtheworld.Andonlyafewofthembug

humans.

Mostantsliveinthewoods,oroutinnature.There,theykeepothercreaturesincheck,distributeseeds,and

cleandeadand

decayingmaterialsfromtheground.Averysmallpercentageofantsdoharmtohumans.Butthoseareincredibly

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

challengingtocontrol.Theyaresmallenoughtoeasilyslipinsideyourhouse.Liveincoloniesthatnumberin

thetensof

thousandstothehundredsofthousands,andreproducequickly.Thatmakesthemgoodatgettingin,andhardto

kickout.

Oncetheysettlein,theseinsectsstartaffectingyourhome.Inadditiontobargingants,otherspeciescan

causedifferent

kindsofdamage.Some,likecarpenterants,canundermineahomestructure,whileothersinterferewiththe

electricalunits.

Unfortunately,ourhomesareveryattractivetoants,becauseitprovideseverythingthecolonyneedsto

survive,such

asfood,water,andshelter.So,howcanwepreventantsfromgettingintoourhomes?Mostimportantofall,

avoidgiving

antsanyaccesstofood,particularlysugaryfood,becauseantshaveasweettooth.Wealsoneedtocleanup

spillsassoonas

theyoccur,andstorefoodinair-tightcontainers.Evengarbageattractsants,soemptyyourtrashasoftenas

possible.And

storeyouroutsidegarbageinaliddedcan,whileawayfromdoorsandwindows.

Questions16-18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

16.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutants?

17.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcarpenterants?

18.Whatcanwedotopreventantsfromgettingintoourhomes?

Passage2

短文第2篇是一篇自述，介绍了‘我”在老年保健领域的研究工作。体裁接近下午六级sectionCo文章主旨题，

答案出现在听力开篇处，第一句话直接出答案，在开头走神的考生很容易失去第一道题的答案。细节题。细节题，

和第2题的位置很接近。但通过反复听到的“old”和‘health,"不港逢嗒案。

原文：

Myresearchfocusisonwhathappenstoourimmunesystemasweage.Sothejoboftheimmunesystemisto

fight

infections.Italsoprotectsusfromvirusesandfromautoimmunediseases.Weknowthataswegetolder,it，s

easierforusto

getaffections.Soolderadultshavemorechancesoffallingill.Thisisevidencethatourimmunesystemreally

doesn，t

functionsowellwhenweage.Inmostofourwork,whenwewerelookingatolderadults

who'vegota

havetohavehealthcontrols.SoweworkverycloselywithagreatgroupofvolunteerscalledtheOneThousand

Elders,

thesevolunteersareall65orover,butingoodhealth.Theycometotheuniversitytoprovideuswithblood

samplestobe

interviewedandtohelpustocarryoutawholerangeofresearch.Therealimpactofourresearchisgoingto

beonhealthin

oldage.Atthemoment,wearelivingmuchlonger.Lifeexpectancyisincreasingat2yearsforeverydecade,

thatmeansan

extra5hoursaday.Iwanttomakesurethatolderadultsarestillabletoenjoytheiroldage,andthatthey

arenotspending

timeinhospitalwithinfection.Fellingunwellandbeinggenerallyweakwewantpeopletobehealthyevenwhen

theyare

old.

Questions19-21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.Whatisthefocusofthespeaker'sresearch?

20.Whatarethevolunteersareaskedtodointheresearch?

21.Whatdoesthespeakersaywillbetheimpactofhisresearch?

Passage3

短文第3篇是记叙文，人物故事题。介绍了一个老师在小学教授国际象棋的事，也介绍了这所小学的教学特点。

介绍学校和人物故事是四级短文出现很多次的类型。

1.第一题答案仍然出现在听力开篇处，第一句话直接出答案。2.细节题。3.细节题4.细节题。

WhenTedKomadastartedteaching14yearsagoatKilipElementary,hedidn'tknowhow

tomanageacl

wasstrugglingtoconnectwithstudents,henoticedacoupleofdaysafterschoolthatagroupofkidwouldget

togetherto

playchess."Iknowhowtoplaychess,letmegoandshowthesekidshowtodoit,

hesaid.Now,Kom

school'schessteam.Thewholeprogramstartedasasafeplaceforkidstocomeafterschool.Andthisweek,

dozensof

thosestudentsaregettingreadytoheadouttoNashvilleTennesseetocompetewithabout5000otheryoung

peopleatthe

SuperNationalsofChess.Thecompetitiononlyhappenseveryfouryears,andthelasttimetheteamwent,they

wonthe

thirdplaceinthenation.KomadasaysChessgiveshimandhisstudentscontrol.Theschoolhasthehighest

numberofkids

fromlow-incomefamilies.Policefrequenttheareadayandnight.As2monthsago,ayoungmanwasshotjust

downthe

street.Komadalikestoteachhisstudentsthattheyshouldthinkabouttheirmovebeforetheydoit.The

lessonsproved

valuableoutsidetheclassroomaswell.Manyparentsseetheselessonstranslateintotherealworld.Students

aremorelikely

tothinkabouttheiractionsandseewhethertheywillleadtotrouble.

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

Questions22-25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.WhatdidTedKomadanoticeonedayafterhestartedteachingatKilipElementary?

23.WhataredozensofstudentsfromKomada'sschoolgoingtodothisweek?

24.WhatdowelearnaboutthestudentsofKilipElementary?

25.WhathavethestudentslearnedfromKomada?

PartinReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordfor

eachblankfroma

listofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemaking

yourchoices.

Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonANSWER

SHEET2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Shipsareoftensunkinordertocreateunderwaterreefs(暗礁)perfectforscubadriving(水肺式潜泳)

andpreserving

marine26.Turkishauthoritieshavejustsunksomethingalittledifferentthanaship,andit

wouldn'tnormallyevertouch

water,anAirbusA300.Thehollowed-outA300was27ofeverythingpotentiallyharmfultotheenvironmentand

sunkoff

theAegeancoasttoday/Notonlywillthesunkenplane28theperfectskeletonforartificialreefgrowth,but

authorities

hopethisnewunderwaterattractionwillbringtouristtothearea.

Theplane29atotallengthof54meters,whereexperiencedscubadiverswill30beabletoventurethrough

thecabin

andaroundtheplane's31.Aydiicniitryboughttheplanefromaprivatecompanyforjustunder

US$100,000,but

theyhopetoseeareturnonthat32throughthetourismindustry.TourismthroughoutTurkeyisexpectedto

fallthisyearas

thecountryhasbeenthe33ofseveraldeadlyterroristattacks.Asfarassunkenplanesgo,thisAirbusA300is

thelargest34

sunkaircraftever.

Takingatripunderwaterand35theinsideofasunkenA300wouldbequiteanadventure,andthatis

exactlywhat

Turkishauthoritiesarehopingthisattractionwillmakepeoplethink.Drawinginadventureseekersand

experienceddivers,

thisnewartificialAirbusreefwillbeascubadiver天堂).’sparadise(

A)createB)depressedC)eventuallyD)ExperiencesE)exploringF)exteriorG)habitatsH)innovate

I)intentionallyJ)investmentK)revealingL)stretches

M)strippedN)territory0)victim

答案：26.G27.M28.A29.L30.C31.F32.J33.034.I35.E

【答案解析】

26.根据空格位置，marine此处形容词，可判断出26题应为名词。marine的意思是“海生的，海运的”固定搭

配

umarinehabitat海洋栖’息地。所以本题答案为"G'habita栖息地

27.根据空格位置，词性应该为动词的被动态。本篇文章对A300持有肯定态度，所以此句想表达“A300对环

境没有任何潜在的坏处，故答案应为,"bestripped意f为"录存'。

28.此题空格前有“will所以，此处应填动词原形。选项中动词原形有“A”和甘根，据句意得知，沉没的飞

机可

以让人工珊瑚长的更好。所以本题答案为“A"，create创’造产生

29.此处应填动词原形，主语为“plane,"故谓语动词应为单三形式。所以答案是“L"，stretch意为‘延|申”，

止攸h

指“飞机机身总长为54米'o

30.此处应填副词，用来修饰后面的"beabletoventure答案应锁定在"Ceventual希"L"intentionao

lly这句话

的意思是水肺式潜水者能够在船轮内冒险。故选项"C'eventually颗地”，更符合句意。

31.此处应填名词形式，因为空格前为“Plane'。名s”诩颐有“F和'N'。空格处前半句是时候水肺式潜水者能

够在船舱内冒险，所以后半句应该为他们也可以在船舱外面冒险。故答案为exterio外部“，施”。

32.因为空格前为“onthat所以.此处应为名词。本句话的大意是：买这架飞机花了很多钱，所以他们希望通过

旅游业能够看到自己投资的回报。所以答案为“J"investmen投资“'。

33.此处应填名词形式。空格后的内容为“严重的致命恐厢袭击”，所以空格处应为victim受，"。故答案为

“戈

34.此处应为副词形式。因为副词修饰形容词"largest。副’词只"I"intentional葡目的性地，故意地，修

饰后

面sunk,所以本题答案为“I。”

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

M

35.此.题应为v.-ing形式，与and前的takingatripunderwater保持并o"E"exploring"K"revealin都

是v.-ing

形式。根据本句句意，"E'exploring德“"更符合句意。本句话的意思是“水下旅行和探索沉没的A300的内部都会

是一场冒险

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each

statementcontains

informationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.You

maychoose

aparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthe

corresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2.

ResilienceIsAboutHowYouRecharge,NotHowYouEndure

[A]Asconstanttravelersandparentsofa2-year-old,wesometimesfantasizeabouthowmuchworkwecando

when

oneofusgetsonaplane,undistractedbyphones,friends,ormovies.Weracetogetallourgroundworkdone:

packing,

goingthroughsecurity,doingalast-minuteworkcall,callingeachother,thenboardingtheplane.Then,when

wetryto

havethatamazingworksessioninflight,wegetnothingdone.Evenworse,afterrefreshingouremailorreading

thesame

studiesoverandover,wearetooexhaustedwhenwelandtosoldieronwith（继续处理）theemailsthathave

inevitablystill

piledup.

[B]Whyshouldflyingdepleteus?We'rejustsittingtheredoingnothing,more

resilie*n1t（有

复原力的）anddeterminedinourworksowecanaccomplishallofthegoalswesetforourselves?Basedonour

current

research,wehavecometorealizethattheproblemisnotourhecticscheduleortheplanetravelitself;the

problemcomes

fromamisconceptionofwhatitmeanstoberesilient,andtheresultingimpactofoverworking.

[C]Weoftentakeamilitaristic,“tough”approachtoresilienceanddeterminationlikea

Marinepullinghimself

throughthemud,aboxergoingonemoreround,orafootballplayerpickinghimselfupoffthegroundforone

moreplay.

Webelievethatthelongerwetoughitout,thetougherweare,andthereforethemoresuccessfulwewillbe.

However,this

entireconceptionisscientificallyinaccurate.

[D]Theverylackofarecoveryperiodisdramaticallyholdingbackourcollectiveabilitytoberesilient

andsuccessful.

Researchhasfoundthatthereisadirectcorrelationbetweenlackofrecoveryandincreasedincidenceofhealth

andsafety

problems.Andlackofrecovery-whetherbydisruptingsleepwiththoughtsofworkorhavingcontinuous

cognitivearousal

bywatchingourphones-iscostingourcompanies$62billionayearinlostproductivity.

[E]Andjustbecauseworkstops,itdoesnareret（nmeffriWe“stop”worksometimesat

5pm,butthenwe

spendthenightwrestlingwithsolutionstoworkproblems,talkingaboutourworkoverdinner,andfalling

asleepthinking

abouthowmuchworkwe11dotomorrow.Inastudyjustreleased,recdiasarsfromNorwayfoundthat7.8%of

Norwegianshavebecomeworkaholics（工作狂）.Thescientistsciteadefinitionof

Mworkaholism"asbeing

concernedaboutwork,drivenbyanuncontrollableworkmotivation,andinvestingsomuchtimeandeffortinwork

thatit

impairsotherimportantlifeareas.

[F]WebelievethatthenumberofpeoplewhofitthatdefinitionincludesthemajorityofAmericanworkers,

which

promptedustobeginastudyofworkaholismintheU.S.Ourstudywillusealargecorporatedatasetfroma

majormedical

companytoexaminehowtechnologyextendsourworkinghoursandthusinterfereswithnecessarycognitive

recovery,

resultinginhugehealthcarecostsandturnovercostsforemployers.

[G]Themisconceptionofresilienceisoftenbredfromanearlyage.Parentstryingtoteachtheirchildren

resilience

mightcelebrateahighschoolstudentstayingupuntil3amtofinishasciencefairproject.Whatadistortion

ofresilience!A

resilientchildisawell-restedone.Whenanexhaustedstudentgoestoschool,heriskshurtingeveryoneonthe

roadwithhis

impaireddriving;hedoesn'thavethecognitiveresourcestodowellonhisEnglishtest;hehasIcr

w^enrtsrciellfkLthhis

friends;andathome,heismoodywithhisparents.Overworkandexhaustionaretheoppositeofresilienceand

thebad

habitsweacquirewhenwe'reyoungonlymagnifywhenwehittheworkforce.

[H]AsJimLoehrandTonySchwartzhavewritten,ifyouhavetoomuchtimeintheperformancezone,youneed

more

timeintherecoveryzone,otherwiseyouriskburnout.Gatheringyourresourcesto

“tryhard”require

ordertoovercomeyourcurrentlylowarousallevel.Italsoworsensexhaustion.Thusthemoreimbalancedwe

becomedue

tooverworking,themorevaluethereisinactivitiesthatallowustoreturntoastateofbalance.Thevalue

ofarecovery

periodrisesinproportiontotheamountofworkrequiredofus.

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

[I]Sohowdowerecoverandbuildresilience?Mostpeopleassumethatifyoustopdoingatasklike

answeringemails

orwritingapaper,yourbrainwillnaturallyrecover,sothatwhenyoustartagainlaterinthedayorthenext

morning,you'11

haveyourenergyback.Butsurelyeveryonereadingthishashadtimeswhenyoulieinbedforhours,unableto

fallasleep

becauseyourbrainisthinkingaboutwork.Ifyoulieinbedforeighthours,youmayhaverested,butyoucan

stillfeel

exhaustedthenextday.That'sbecauserestandrecoveryarenotthesamething.

[J]Ifyou'retryingitlodbreusilieneeatwork,youneedadequateinternalandexternalrecoveryperiods

As

researchersZijlstra,CropleyandRydstedtwriteintheir2014paper:uInternal

recoveryreferstotheshorter

relaxationthattakeplacewithintheframesofthew