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第第页外文翻译外文文献1广东工业高校华立学院本科毕业设计〔论文〕外文

regulations,usedtorestrictandevenbancertaine*portandimporttradedirectlyorindirectlyinordertoprotecttheecologicalenvironment,naturalresourcesandkeephealthofhumanbeing,animalsvegetation.Thiskindoftradeprotectioncaneffectivelyturndownproductsfromthecountriesespeciallythosefromdevelopingcountrieswhoseenvironmentprotectiontechnologyiscomparativelylow.GreenbarrierisalsooneoftheTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT).ThebroaddefinitionTBTincludespacking,labelandsign:theinformationtechnologybarriers,andsoon,whichalwaysappearintheformsoftechnicalregulations,standardsandconformityassessmentprocedures.IntheprinciplesofTechnicalBarrierstoTrade,itincludesenvironmentalissues.Thatisoneallowancetoregulateimportsistheconcernthatsuchproductwillhaveadetrimentalaffectontheenvironmentoftheimportingcountry.Asthereisnointernationalstandardonwhatqualifiesasharmful,countriesarefreetomakeuptheirownstandardssuchascertainAZO-freefabrics,nickel-freebuttonsorzippersandsoon.E*portershavebeenresponsibleforabidingbytheserequirementsandassuchhavehadtoassumethecost.Thecostofsuchregulationshasprovedmorethanmanysupplierscanhandle.WithdevelopofTechnologicaltradebarrier;greentradebarrierbecomesthe6mostimportantpartofTechnologicaltradebarrier.Infact,theconceptofgreentradebarrierdoesnote*istintheinternationalliteraturethatiscalledenvironmentalbarrier.Andgreentradebarrierisanewconceptcreatedbyourcountrythatisnotauthorityconceptaroundtheworld.However,thisconceptisunilateralismbecauseoureconomice*pertsonlyconsiderthebenefitsfordevelopingcountrieswhendefiningit.AsfarasIamconcerned,thosemeasuresthatforbidtradeinordertoprotectdomesticenvironmentisgreentradebarrier.Normally,greentradebarrierthatcontainsenvironmentalprotectionmeasures,rulesandregulationsisregulatedbyimportande*portcountryinordertoprotectdomesticenvironmentandpublichealth.ThisisoneofTechnologicaltradebarrierinordertoinfluenceimportande*porttrade.Withthepopularityofgreentradeprotection,ourcountryconcentratesonit.Soinourcountrythereisnoconsensusontheconceptofgreentradeprotectionamongthee*perts.Asfarasmyknowledge,inordertoprotectenvironment,naturalresource,humanandanimalhealth,thosemeasurescreatedbyimportcountrywhichcontaingreentechnologicalstandard,greenenvironmentcode,greenpackage,greenquarantinerulesandstrictenvironmenttariffputtedintoimportproductaregreentradebarriers.Thedevelopedcountriesconsiderthatgreentradebarrierisadouble-edgedknifebecausetheyhavemanyadvantagesoneconomyandtechnology.Onthecontrary,othercountriesholdthepointoftheviewthatgreentradebarrierisevilbecauseofthegapbetweenthesecountriesanddevelopedcountries.Nomatterwhatistherealreasonofimportcountry,theobjectiveoutcomebothprotectsenvironmentanddomestictrade.Accordingtomyopinion,theessenceofgreentradebarriercontainsbothrationalityofenvironmentprotectionandirrationalityoftradeprotection.Thisismainlyduetothecontradictionbetweenenvironmentprotectionandfreetrade.Iffreetradeignoresenvironmentprotectionandusesnaturalresourcereasonably,itwilldegenerateenvironmentandthreatenhumanandanimalhealth.Soitisrationaltomakeuseofgreentradebarriertoprotecttheglobalenvironment.Itiscertainlyunreasonabletousegreentradebarriertoprotectdomestictradebecausethestrictenvironmentprotectionhelpstoenhancethegovernmentinterferencewithfreetrade7especiallysomedevelopedcountriestakeadvantageoftheircapitalandtechnologytosetupmanyenvironmentbarrierstoothercountries.Althoughtherearemanycontradictionsbetweenenvironmentprotectionandfreetrade,theyalsohaveconsistencyinessence.Bothofthemareinordertoimprovelivingcondition,rationallyusenaturalresources,protectglobalenvironmentandtakeeffectsustainabledevelopment.Ifonly

focusononeaspectandignoretheotheraspects,itiseasilyreachingthee*tremenessofenvironmentprotectionandfreetrade.Infact,thisproblemcanbesolved.Sowemustrecognizedoublenatureofgreentradebarrier.2.TheEmergencyBackgroundofGreenTradeBarrierGreentradebarrieristheresultofinternationalrequirementsofenvironmentalprotectionandinternationaltradedevelopment.Fromtheviewofinternationalbackground,followingfactorspromotetheemergencyanddevelopment.1)GlobalEnvironmentalProtectionhasbeentheCommonVoiceofEarth.Afterworldwarⅱ,globalenvironmenthasbecomeaseriousproblemwiththerapiddevelopmentofglobaleconomy.Thenaturemotherhasrevengeonhumanbeingsforoverbearingecologicalenvironmentburden.Thereare28peoplediedofenvironmentalpollutioneachminutesintheworld,totally1500peoplediedeveryyear.800millionpeopleareillcausedbywatercontamination,and25thousandpeoplediedofwatercontamination.Facingtheseriousrevenge,internationalcommunitiessponsoredacampaignforenvironmentalprotection.Andpeoplearegraduallyawareofthecommonresponsibilityofhuman,whichwemusttakeactionimmediately.2)TheConflictbetweenTradeandEnvironmentmadeanE*cuseforE*ecutionofGreenTradeBarrier.Reducingpollutionandsavingenergyoptimalusingresourcesarenewinternationalfocus.Itisgenerallybelievedthateconomyincreasingisatthee*pensesofenvironmentdeteriorations,especiallythefreetrade,areviewedasmainfactorofacceleratingenvironmentaldeterioration.Eachcountrysetupaseriesofrelatedenvironmentlegislationandtradepolicyaccordingly,hopingcertainlyinterferenceontradethroughgovernmentpowersoastoprotectandimproveecologicalenvironment.8Infact,thereisnouncompromisingstrugglebetweenenvironmentalprotectionandfreetrade,theybenefitandpromotemutually.Reasonablefreetradeisnotonlybeneficialtoenvironmentalprotection,alsoforfurtherenvironmentalprotection,internationalcommoditiesandfreerservicestradeplayaimportantrole.Atthesametime,ahealthandsecureenvironmentalprovidenecessaryecologicalenvironmentalresourcestothesustainedeconomydevelopmentandcontinuouse*pendingtrademarket.3)StipulationsintheGATTandWTOmadeGreenTradeBarrierLegal.AttheearlystageofGATTestablishment,environmentalpollutionanddamagehavenotbeenaninternationalconcerningissue.Withtherapiddevelopmentofindustrialeconomy,anduntilmoreandmoreseriousenvironmentalproblemappeared,peoplebecameenvironmental-conscious.“Environmentalmeasuresandinternationaltradeworkinggroup”wasfoundedinGATTatSep,1972.After1990,withtheupgradeofdisputesbetweenfreetradeandenvironmentalprotection,tocaptureinternationalmarketandmaintaindomesticmarket,somecountriestakeadvantageofenvironmentalregulationsandmeasurestoprotectmarket.Onthecontrary,theenvironmentalpollutionisgrowinginintensity;peoplee*pressstrongappealforprotectingenvironment,socountrieshavetostipulatekindsofenvironmentalstandardsandmeasuresconcerningproduction,processing,transportation,salesaswellasallstepsofimportingande*porting.WTOdecidedtofoundatradeandenvironmentcommitteeatApril,1994,whichmainfunctionistocoordinatetherelationshipbetweentradeandenvironmentalmeasures.4)TheGapbetweenDevelopingCountriesandDevelopedCountriesintermsofScienceandTechnologyandEconomicistheMainFactorthatLeadstoFastGrowingofGreenTradeBarrier.Duetothedifferencesofproductionpower,especiallyconsideringtheresourcesprotectionandinterests,therearemanydisputesaboutenvironmentandtradebetweendevelopingcountriesanddevelopedcountries,andallcontradictionshavebeenspilledoverintodisputeswithdevelopmentofinternationaleconomicsituationandincreasingcompetition.Developedcountriesmakeuseofthediversified9environmentalstandardscausedbyeconomic

level,ononehand,theyarebusytocapturetheprimaryproductsofdevelopingcountries,andtransferthepollutedenterprisestodevelopingcountries,whichdeterioratethedevelopingcountriesenvironment.Ontheotherhand,theyareeagertomakeacloseconnectionbetweenenvironmentregulationsandtradeterms.Environmentbecamethenewtradebarrier.Thecomparativeadvantageoncheapresourcesandlaborcostswillbeoffset,andlimitdevelopingcountrieseconomicdevelopment,sothattheirleadingpositioncanbemaintainedintheinternationalmultilateraleconomicandtradefields.Thesekindsof“environmentalterms”citedininternationaltradeinthenameof“environmentalprotection”,whichareasane*cusetodiscriminateandlimitdevelopingcountrieseconomicdevelopmentandmarketentryandacceleratethegreentradebarrierdevelopment.3.ReasonofGreenTradeBarrierFormationGreenBarrierreferstotheimportingcountriestoprotectnaturalresources,biodiversity,theecologicalenvironmentandhumanhealthasthereasonforissuingastringentstandardofproductfromabroad.Itisthewaytorestrictorprohibitimports.1)DuetotheDeteriorationoftheWorldEnvironment,HumanValuesChangedDestructionofresourcesandtheenvironmentandpollutionhavebecomemoreandmoreserious,becauseoftheaccelerationofindustrialization,rapidgrowthoftheworldeconomy,suchasclimatewarming,ozonedepletion,lossofbiodiversity,etc.thee*istenceoftheseproblemsaffectsthesurvivalofmankinddirectlyandalreadybeconcernedontheworldwide.People??swayofthinking,behaviorandvalueschanged.Theoldideaswerereplaced.Peopleincreasedthedemandforgreenproducts.Thedeteriorationofglobalenvironmentimpelstheformationo