2023年全国英语等级考试考试：全国英语等级考试（四级）历年真题汇编（共375题）

2023年全国英语等级考试考试:全国英语等

级考试（四级）历年真题汇编

（共375题）

1、WhomightshareasimilarteachingfocustotheSophists?（单选题）

A.Aristotle.

B.Isocrates.

C.Plato.

D.Socrates.

试题答案：B

2、（单选题）

A.chance

B.look

C.measure

D.choice

试题答案：A

3、Thcsentence“Wehavepeople…downlheroad”（Line4,Paragraphs）probablymeans（单选题）

A.wehavepeoplecallingUSforparkingspacetwoyearsaheadoftime.

B.peoplecalledUSforpermissiontousetheplacestwoyearsa90.

C.wereceivedcallsfrompeopledowntheroadtwoyearsa90.

D.peoplecalledUSforschoolvacanciestwoyearsinadvance.

试题答案：D

4、Whichofthefollowingisthebestrifleforthetext?（单选题）

A.WhyVom?

B.HowtoVote?

C.WhomtoVotefor?f

D.DoElectionsWork?

试题答案：A

5、（单选题）

A.During

B.For

C.At

D.Since

试题答案：B

6、（单选题）

A.rather

B.also

C.still

D.even

试题答案：A

7、Whatisfoundtobetherealbenefitoftakinganoptimisticattitudetowardcancer?（单选题）

A.Strengtheningtheimmunesystem.

B.Reducingthepainfeltbypatients.

C.Improvingpatients,copingstyles.

D.Heighteningtheeffectofmedication.

试题答案：B

8、Theword“regression“inthelstparagraphisbestreplacedby（单选题）

A.backwardmovement.

B.unconlledincfination.

C.rapidadvancement.

D.unexpectedrestoration.

试题答案：A

9、（单选题）

A.managed

B.achieved

C.succeeded

D.fulfilled

试题答案：A

10、（单选题）

A.Particular

B.Various

C.Significant

D.Few

试题答案：B

11、Fromthetext,wecaninferthattheauthor（单选题）

A.favorstheideaofputtingchildrenonawaitinglist.

B.agreestotestpreschooler*scognitivepotentials.

C.thinkschildrenshouldbebetterpreparedacademically

D.disapprovesoftheunduepressureonpreschoolers.

试题答案：D

12、AccordingtoGeraldCorbett,Britishrailwayisstructured（单选题）

A.forthebenefitofcommuters.

B.totheadvantageofthegovernment.

C.fortheeffectofbettercoordination.

D.asareplacementoftheprivatesystem.

试题答案：B

13、（单选题）

A.provided

B.since

C.whereas

D.though

试题答案：C

14、WhatistheoriginofKwanzaarelatedto?（单选题）

A.Religion.

B.Familylife.

C.Agriculture.

D.Community.

试题答案：C

15、（单选题）

A.qualities

B.operations

C.habits

D.values

试题答案：A

16、TheWorldBankdreamsofawor1dwithout-.（单选题）

A.inequality

B.poverty

C.oppression

D.conflicts

试题答案：B

17、（单选题）

A.develop

B.find

C.plan

D.conceai

试题答案：A

18、根据以下材料，回答｛TSE｝题

Humansiiketoregardthemselvesasexceptional.Manyphi1osophersbelievehumansaretheonly

21_whichunderstandsthatothershavetheirownpersonalthoughts.Thatunderstandingisknownin

the22ashavingaz，theoryofmincl,z，anditisconsideredthe23tosuchcherishedhuman

24assympathyanddeception.Biologistshavelearnedtotreatsuch

25withcaution.BerndHeinrichandThomasBugnyardescribeanexperimenttheyhavecardedout

26ravens.27togazeisreckonedtobeagood

28oftheclevelopmentoftheoryofmindinhumanchildren.

29aboutl8months,mostchildren.areabletofollowthegazeofanotherperson,and

30thingsaboutthegazerfromit.Failureto

31_thistrickisanearlysymptomofautism,asyndromewhosemainunderlyingfeatureisa（n）

32tounderstandthatotherpeoplehave33,too.to34whetherravenscouldfollowgaze,

DrHeinrichusedSIXsix一month一oldhand—rearedravens.Thebirdswereset,oneatatime,

onaperchononesideofaroomdividedbyabarrier.Anexperimenterinfrontofthebarrier

35hisheadandeyesinaparticu1ar36andgazedfor30secondsbeforelooking

37.DrHeinrichfoundthatallthebirdswereabletofollowthegazeoftheexperimenters,even

38thebarrier.Inthe39case,

thecuriousbirdseitherjumpeddownfromtheperchandwalkedaroundthebarriertohavea

40orleaptontopofitandpeeredover.｛TS｝（单选题）

A.category

B.group

C.race

D.species

试题答案：D

19、（单选题）

A.which

B.where

C.here

D.there

试题答案：B

20、（单选题）

A.interference

B.statement

C.coverage

D.image

试题答案：c

21、（单选题）

A.comparisons

B.findings

C.assertions

D.studies

试题答案：C

22、ThewaypeoplehavebeentreatingColumbusstoryindica.testheirviewof（单选题）

A.theAmericanschooleducation.

B.greatheroesinAmericanhistory.

C.thedevelopmentofAmericanhistory.

D.theAmericansocietyatpresent.

试题答案：C

23、（单选题）

A.research

B.operation

C.movement

D.search

试题答案：D

24、TheWorldwideFundforNature,scommentontheCommonwealth'sbehavioris（单选题）

A.approving.

B.puzzled.

C.neutral.

D.critical.

试题答案：D

25、（单选题）

A.Because

B.While

C.If

D.Although

试题答案：A

26、根据以下材料，回答题Whydidthepoliceofficerstopthedriver?（单选题）

A.rnledriverexceededthespeedlimit.

B.Thedriverdidn,tstopatthezebracrossing.

C.Theofficerwasconductingaroutinecheck.

D.Theofficerfoundthecar*sbrakelightswereout.

试题答案：A

27、（单选题）

A.get

B.take

C.work

D.try

试题答案：C

28、（单选题）

A.down

B.up

C.away

D.inside

试题答案：C

29、Whatdidthepolice0f6certhreatentodo?（单选题）

A.Givethedriveraticket.

B.Takethedrivertocourt.

C.Retainthedriver,sCar.

D.Takethedrivertothepolicestation.

试题答案：C

30、Theauthormightagreetotheargumentthat（单选题）

A.onewi1Ihavetochangehisspendinghabitswhengrowingold.

B.it'sfarbettertoendupwithtoomuchmoneythannotenough.

C.it'sadvisabletoopenasavingsaccountinsteadofbuyingstockshares.

D.peopleshouldspendlessonlivingaftertheirretirement.

试题答案：B

31、Theonlywaytoreversetheworseningsituationseemstobe（单选题）

A.apolicyofgradualism.

B.sacrificeofpublicinterests.

C.radicalchangesofpolicy.

D.postponingofdrasticactions.

试题答案：C

32、Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?（单选题）

A.Threatsfromthenewmicrobesinthenextcentury.

B.Hownewvirusesaffectthehumansociety.

C.Whatmegacitiesmaybringtohumanspecies.

D.Thedisastrouseffectofnuclearandbiologicalweapons.

试题答案：A

33、（单选题）

A.generate

B.promote

C.install

D.expose

试题答案：A

34、（单选题）

A.domain

B.vicinity

C.context

D.surrounding

试题答案：C

35、Fromthetext,wecaninferthattheauthor（单选题）

A.favorstheideaofputtingchiIdrenonawaitinglist.

B.agreestotestpreschooler,scognitivepotentials.

C.thinkschildrenshou1dbebetterpreparedacademically

D.disapprovesoftheunduepressureonpreschoolers.

试题答案：D

36、（单选题）

A.operation

B.production

C.procession

D.action

试题答案：A

37、（单选题）

A.into

B.within

C.beyond

D.from

试题答案：C

38、（单选题）

A.Allinall

B.Inaddition

C.Incase

D.Afteral1

试题答案：D

39、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?（单选题）

A.ABird,sEyeViewonTeacherTrainingPrograms

B.TraditionalversusModernSchoolsofEducation

C.InnovationatSomeSchoolsofEducation

D.ComparisonbetweenTeacherTrainingPrograms

试题答案：C

40、（单选题）

A.perspective

B.wade

C.business

D.skill

试题答案：A

41、根据以下材料，回答题WorldAlDSDayisadayto（单选题）

A.considerthetreatmentofindividualswiththeAIDSvirus.

B.showtheimportanceoftheAIDSAssociation.

C.callondoctorstoplacemoreimportanceonAIDSpatients.

D.celebratetheachievementsinthecontrolofAIDS.

试题答案：D

42、WhichofthefollowingwouldCDCmostprobablyrecommend?（单选题）

A.Healthweighsmorethanwealth.

B.Preventionisbetterthancure

C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

D.Betterlatethannever.

试题答案：B

43、（单选题）

A.orientates

B.initiates

C.correlates

D.originates

试题答案：D

44、Left一handersseemmoreathleticbecausethey（单选题）

A.aremoreenergetic.

B.persistinphysicaltraining.

C.possessacreativeimpulse.

D.haveabettersenseofspace.

试题答案：D

45、（单选题）

A.informed

B.accepted

C.understood

D.diversified

试题答案：B

46、（单选题）

A.on

B.in

C.up

D.forth

试题答案：A

47、AccordingtoFederalhealthofficials,

thefactthatmoreWestNilecaseshavebeenreportedindicatesthat（单选题）

A.morestatesareaffected.

B.theaverageagedroppeddrastical1y.

C.healthofficialsaremorealerttothedisease.

D.theepidemicseasonbeganamonthearlier.

试题答案：C

48、（单选题）

A.for

B.via

C.at

D.from

试题答案：B

49、根据以下材料，回答｛TSE｝题

Inadditiontotheestablishedenergysourcessuchasgas,coal,oilandnuclear,thereareanumber

ofothersourcesthatweoughttoconsider.Twoofthesearehydroelectricandtidalpower.

Thesetwosourcesare21_inthattheyarebothrenewable.

22,hydropowerismorewidelyusedthantidal.In

23,asubstantialamountofelectricityisalreadyproducedinHEP（hydroelectricpower）

stationsworldwide,24tidalstationsarestillintheveryearly25ofdevelopment.

Asfarasgeographical26isconcerned,HEPprojectsaretobefoundon.lakesandrivers,

whiletidal27areconstruetedonlyatrivermouthswheretidal

28isgreat.Unfortunatelytheseare

29innumber.AtpresentHEPstationsarefoundmainlyinNorway,Canada,SwedenandBrazi1,

whereastidalplantsarein30inFrance,RussiaandChina.Asregardscapitai

31,bothrequireveryhighinvestment.Ontheotherhand,generating

32arequitelowinbothcases.Infact,alargesca1eFIEPp1antiscapab1eofproducingpowermore

33thanconventionalsources,suchascoal,oilandnuclearplants.Tidalpoweralsocompares

34withnuclearandoilgeneratedelectricity,35theamountofmoneyonproduction.

36HEPstations,tidalconstructionshavealonglife

37.ItisestimatedthattheycanoperateforoverlOOyears.Withrespectto

38ofsupply,tidalstations39fromHEPonesinthattheyoftencanonlysupplypower

40.HEPstations,however,provideaconstantsupplyofelectdcity.{TS}（单选题）

A.compatible

B.parallel

C.similar

D.identical

试题答案：C

50Theauthor,sopiniononoMachiavelliysIIistoryofFlorenceisthat（单选题）

A.historyhasmuchtodowiththeopersonwhorecordsit.

B.thecharmliesinthestyleratherthan.inthecontent.

C.mostpeoplefailedtoreadMachiavelfiysintentioninit.

D.anyhistoryofthiskindshouldbewritteninthisway.

试题答案：B

51、（单选题）

A.base

B.act

C.rely

D.live

试题答案：C

52、ThebookmakesnoreferencetoBartolomedelasCasasprObablybecausePaulJohnsonC-^-iSI®）

A.isawriterfondofomissions.

B.isn'ttemptedtomakereferences.

C.bearsallinbomhatredforhorrifyingevils.

D.doesn,twanttoseetheimageoftheUSstmned.

试题答案：D

53、FedsclaimedthattheirspendingonWestNilecontrolwas（单选题）

A.worthwhile!nthelongrun.

B.1iabletocontinueregardlessofthegreatcost.

C.boundtosettletheproblemonceandforall.

D.wastefulinviewofthefewvictimsofthedisease.

试题答案：A

54、（单选题）

A.smal1

B.few

C.rare

D.scarce

试题答案：A

55>WhichofthefollowingcolorsisusedfordecorationinKwanzaa?（单选题）

A.Yellow.

B.Green.

C.White.

D.Blue.

试题答案：B

56、（单选题）

A.concentration

B.continuity

C.conformity

D.conductivity

试题答案：B

57、Whatisfoundtobetherealbenefitoftakinganoptimisticattitudetowardcancer?(#-i4®)

A.Strengthen!ngtheimmunesystem.

B.Reducingthepainfeltbypatients.

C.ImprovingpatientsJcopingstyles.

D.Heighteningtheeffectofmedication.

试题答案：B

58、根据以下材料，回答{TSE}题

ForcenturiesthemostvaluableofAfricanresourcesforEuropeansweretheslaves,butthesecoul

dbeobtainedatcoastalports,withoutanyneedforgoingdeepinland.Slaveryhadbeenanestablis

hedinstitutioninAfrica.Prisonersofwarhadbeenenslaved,aswerealsodebtorsandindividua1

sguiltyofseriouscrimes.Buttheseslavesusuallyweretreatedaspartofthefamily.Theyhadcle

arlydefinedrights,andtheirslavestatuswasnotnecessarilyinherited.Therefore!tiscommon

lyarguedthatAfrica,straditionalslaverywasmildcomparedtothetrans-Atlanticslavetradeo

rganizedbytheEuropeans.Thisargument,however,canbecarriedtoofar.Inthemostrecentstudy

ofthissubject,somescholarswarnedagainsttheillusionthat，zcruelanddehumanizingenslavem

entwasamonopolyoftheWest.Slaveryinitsextremeforms,includingthetakingof1ife,wascommo

ntobothAfricaandtheWest.ThefactthatAfricanslaveryhaddifferentoriginsandconsequences

shouldnotleadustodenywhatitwas-theexploitationandcontrolofhumanbeings.zzNeithercanit

bedeniedthatthewholesaleshipmentofAfricanstotheslaveplantationsoftheAmericaswasmade

possiblebytheparticipationofAfricanchiefswhoroundeduptheirfellowAfricansandsoldthem

asahandsomeprofittoEuropeanshipcaptainswaitingalongthecoasts.Grantingallthis,thefac

tremainsthatthetrans-AtlanticslavetradeconductedbytheEuropeans

wasentireb^differentinquantityandqualityfromthetraditionaltypeofslaverythathadexist

edwithinAfrica.FromthebeginningtheEuropeanvarietywasprimarilyaneconomicinstitutionr

atherthansocial,asithadbeeninAfrica.Westernslavetradersandslaveownerswereactedonbyp

urelyeconomicconsiderations,andwerequitereadytoworktheirslavestodeathifitwasmorepro

fitabletodosothantotreatthemmoremercifully.Thisinhumanitywasreinforcedbyracismwhent

heEuropeansbecameinvolvedintheAfricanslavetradeonalargescale.Perhapsasasubconscious

rationalizationtheygraduall)TametolookdownonNegroesasinherentlyinferior,andtherefor

edestinedtoservetheirwhitemasters.Rationa1izationa1somayhavebeeninvo1vedintheEurope

ans，useofreligiontojustifythetrafficinhumanbeings.Itwasargued,forinstance,thatensla

vementassuredtheconversionoftheAfricanevil-believingreligionstothetruefaithaswellas

tocivilization.{TS}Inthefirstparagraph.theauthorarguesthat(单选题)

A.theEuropeanswereinnocentinthetradeofAfricanslaves.

B.slaveryinAfricaandintheWestwasthesameinnature.

C.theviewinthemostrecentstudiesofenslavementisbaseless.

D.slaveshadbeentreatedevenmorecruellyintheAfricantradition.

试题答案：B

59、（单选题）

A.find

B.discover

C.dive

D.reach

试题答案：D

60、FedsclaimedthattheirspendingonWestNilecontrolwas（单选题）

A.worthwhileinthelongrun.

B.1iabletocontinueregardlessofthegreatcost.

C.boundtosettletheproblemonceandforal1.

D.wastefulinviewofthefewvictimsofthedisease.

试题答案：A

61、Theword"genocide”（Line8,Paragraphs）mostprObablymeans（单选题）

A.ki11ingofpeopleofaparticularrace.

B.driving-outofnativeinhabitants.

C.extinctionofawholegeneration.

D.assimilationofethnicgroups.

试题答案：A

62、（单选题）

A.that

B.much

C.far

D.so

试题答案：D

63、Therelationbetweenthetwoparagraphsisthatinthe2ndparagraphtheauthor（单选题）

A.challengestheviewpointinthelstparagraph.

B.modifieshisviewexpressedinthelstparagraph.

C.providesthereasonfortheargumentinthelstparagraph.

D.furtheranalyzestheissuediscussedinthelstparagraph.

试题答案：A

64、（单选题）

A.location

B.position

C.situation

D.condition

试题答案：B

65、WhendidBikobecomethehonorarypresidentoftheBlackPeople,sConvention?（单选题）

A.1968.

B.1972,

C.1973.

D.1977.

试题答案：B

66、（单选题）

A.research

B.operation

C.movement

D.search

试题答案：D

67、（单选题）

A.variation

B.balance

C.frequency

D.stability

试题答案：C

68、（单选题）

A.rather

B.also

C.still

D.even

试题答案：A

69、ThebookmakesnoreferencetoBartolomedelasCasasprObablybecausePaulJohnson（单选题）

A.isawriterfondofomissions.

B.isn'ttemptedtomakereferences.

C.bearsallinbomhatredforhorrifyingevils.

D.doesn,twanttoseetheimageoftheUSstmned.

试题答案：D

70、（单选题）

A.alter

B.decrease

C.induce

D.cover

试题答案：B

71、（单选题）

A.reasonable

B.credible

C.revolutionary

D.attractive

试题答案：C

72^Whatistheproblemsome1eft-handersmightsufferfrom?（单选题）

A.Slownessincommunication.

B.Awkwardnessinaction.

C.Speechdefect.

D.Difficultyinwriting.

试题答案：C

73、（单选题）

A.addition

B.brief

C.generN

D.fact

试题答案：D

74、（单选题）

A.discussing

B.predicting

C.assessing

D.questioning

试题答案：C

75、AccordingtoGeraldCorbett,Britishrailwayisstructured（单选题）

A.forthebenefitofcommuters.

B.totheadvantageofthegovernment.

C.fortheeffectofbettercoordination.

D.asareplacementoftheprivatesystem.

试题答案：B

76、TheauthorthinksthattheOptimismtheoryisderivedfrom（单选题）

A.AmericansJculturalprideinovercomingeverything.

B.thebiologicalplausibilityofwi1Ifulcontrolofcancer.

C.theassumedconnectionofmoodwithsomeillnesses.

D.thescientificresearchesinthel970sand,80s.

试题答案：A

77、（单选题）

A.casually

B.Objectively

C.readily

D.skillfully

试题答案：C

78、Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（单选题）

A.theEdinburghsummitfmledtohandletheissueoftradeandinvestments.

B.the.Edinburghsummitstrivedtoavoidpublicattention.

C.themeetinginEdinburghhasintendedtosettletheissueofNigeria.

D.theeffortsinEdinburghharvestedasmuchasthoseinllarare.

试题答案：A

79、（单选题）

A.find

B.discover

C.dive

D.reach

试题答案：D

80WhichofthefollowingCanserveasatitleofthistext?（单选题）

A.HardTimeforthePreschoolers

B.ProsperityofPrivateSchools

C.TheProblemforPublicSchools

D.AmericansJsNOlConcern

试题答案：A

81、TheWorldwideFundforNaturerscommentontheCommonwealth,sbehavioris（单选题）

A.approving.

B.puzzled.

C.neutral.

D.critical.

试题答案：D

82、根据以下材料，回答{TSE}题

Schoolsofeducationhavelongbeenobjectsofcriticism.FromJamesKoerner，sl963book,TheMise

ducationofAmerica*sTeachers,upthroughtworecentreportsbynationalcommissions,criticsh

avecomplainedabouttheintellectualemptinessofthecurriculumatedschoolsandthelackofcon

nectionbetweenwhatistaughtandtherealitiesteachersfaceintheclassroom.Arecentsurveyof

teachersabouttheirgraduate-schooltrainingdrewcommentslikez，theshabbiestpsychobab-ble

imaginable^and^awasteoftime.z，

Withanestimated2millionnewteachersneededoverthenextdecade,theshortcomingsined-ucati

onschoolsareapracticalconcern.Inwhatisageneral1yb1eaklandscape,asmallnumberofschool

sstandoutasinnovators.Twokeyqualitiesdistinguishtheseexemplars.First,theyrequiretha

tstudentsmasterthesubjectstheywillbeteachingandstructuretheircurriculaaccordingly.S

econd,theseprogramsputa

premiumonhands-onexperience,Whiletraditionaled-schoolcurriculaarefdledwithcourseson

theory,thenewapproachplacesmuchgreateremphasisonlearningbydoing.

AtOhioStateUniversityinColumbus,studentsintheone-yearmaster，sprogramspendhalftheirt

imeteachinginoneof55FranklinCountypublicschools,wheretheyarepairedwithexperi-encedt

eachers.

^YouareimmersedfroniDayl,，zsaysOSUgraduatestudentKelleyCrockett,a37-year-oldformerbus

inesswomanwhodoespracticaltrainingatGablesElementarySchool.z，Andthatforcesyoutobeint

imatelyinvolved.

InNewYorkCity,theBankStreetCollegeofEducation-atwo-yearprogram-runsitsownjuniorhi

gh.”Thatkeepsushonest,“saystheschool'spresident,AugustaKappner.z，Weareen-couragingst

udentstoseehowtheyfunctioninschoolsettingssotheycanconstantlyimprove.〃

Comparab1eprogramsexistatsomeotherinstitutions,includingtheUniversityofVirginiaandT

rinityUniversityinSanAntonio.ButLindaDarling-Hamond,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity，

sTeachersCollegewhoisanexpertonteachertraining,estimatesthatonly40percentofthe1,200

teacher-educationprogramsinthecountryhavemetnationalaccreditationstandards.Mosteduc

ationschools,shesays,z，haveoperatedbureaucratically,assumingthatteachersdidn，t

needtoknowmanythings,Ujustgivethematextbookandsendthemon."'{TS}Bysaying

'intellectualemptinessofthecurriculum”(Lines3-4,

Paragraph1)thecriticsmeantoarguethat(单选题)

A.therewerenotsufficlentitemsinthecurriculum.

B.thecurriculumwaspoorlydesignedacademically.

C.thetrainingbasedonthecurriculumwashardlyimaginable.

D.thecurriculumdidnotsufficientlyaddresslearners*needs.

试题答案：B

83、Bysaying“meyhadstruckscientificgold"(Linesl-2,Paragraph4),theauthormeansthat

(单选题)

A.theirdiscoveryearnedthemgreatfame.

B.theirfindingsenjoyedenormousmarketvalue.

C.theyacquiredvaluableresourcesfortheirstudies.

D.theyhadmadeasignificantdiscoveryintheirresearch.

试题答案：D

84、（单选题）

A.perpetual

B.consistent

C.prosperous

D.temporary

试题答案：A

85、（单选题）

A.reasonable

B.credible

C.revolutionary

D.attractive

试题答案：C

86、Thetextindicatesthatprivateschoolsareveryselectivebecausethey（单选题）

A.havenoreliablemethodstopickstudentsforaclass.

B.wantagoodmixtureofboysandgirlsforclasses.

C.encountermoredemandthantheycancopewith.

D.prefertoenrolIchiIdrenoftheirrelatives.

试题答案：C

87、根据以下材料，回答{TSE}题

Astimegoeson,howtodogoodcriticalthinkingisincreasinglymarginalizedorevenleftoutofth

emodemeducationalprocess.Criticalthinkinginvolvesamentalprocessthatishighlydisci-pl

inedandthereforerequiresmostpractitionerstobetrainedinit.Thistrainingisbestbegunint

heformativeyears,anditisbesttaughtbyenergetic,motivatedteacherswhocontinuallychalle

nge,anddebate,anddemandincreasinglyrigorousthinkingoftheiryoungstudents.However,asi

nallthings,itisnevertoolatetobegin.

Criticalthinkingistheprocessofevaluatingandanalyzingapropositionoranargumentthathas

beenofferedtothethinker,forcriticism,asbeingtrue.Therefollowsaprocessofreasoning,ev

aluationoftheofferedevidence,andreflection,alwaysbegunfromapointofskepticism.Aprope

rcritiqueoftheofferedargumentinvolvesmorethandirectObservation.Besidesreasoning,cog

nitionandexperience,propercriticalthinkingalsoinvolvesintellectualvaluesthatgobeyon

dthespecificargumentorObjectbeingcriticallyexamined.

TheseintellectualvaluesinvolveObjectivetruth.Objectivetruthisthattruthwhichcomesfro

msomewhereoutsideofourminds.Subjectivetruthisthattruthwhichcomesfromwithinus;thatwh

ichwefeel,orsense,orbelievetobetrue.Objectivetruthstandsalone,anddoesnotdependuponu

storemaintrue;it，scompletelyindependentofthemindofman.Nomatterwhatwethinkaboutit,ho

wwethinkaboutit,orevenifwethinkaboutit,ObjectivetruthremainsObjectivetruth,unchange

d,andimpervious.Objectivetruthmustalwaysbetakenintoconsiderationinordertodogoodcrit

icalthinking.

TherearedifferentformsofObjectivetruth,rangingfromsolidtoephemeral.Inthe^hardscienc

e^fields,suchasmathematics,physicsandchemistry,themostrecognizedObjectivetruthsinvo

1veprovenmathematicalformulae,orrecognizedscientificlaws,orwide1yrecognizedandasyet

unrefutedscientifictheories.Thesez，hardz，Objectivetruthsaretakenbythecriticalthinkert

obeaxiomsorgivens,andthus,usefultoolstohelpinthecriticalthinkingprocess.Theprocesst

herebybuildsuponafoundationofpreviouslyproventruth.Nomatterhowtechnicallyadvancedwe

everbecome,weareall,individuallyandcollectively,calledtothinkaboutthings.Itisourhum

annature.

{TS}Itissuggestedthatthetrainingofcriticalthinkingintheformativeyearsisbestconducmd

byteachers（单选题）

A.becauseitrequireswell-organizedmentalactivity.

B.because!thasbeenstressedinmodemeducation.

C.whomarginalizethetraditionalideaofeducation.

D.whocandirectstudentstowardsrigorousthinking.

试题答案：D

88Accordingtotheauthor.theconcernoverthecurrentsituationinedschoolsis（单选题）

A.well-grounded.

B.unnecessary.

C.widespread.

D.ill-founded.

试题答案：A

89、根据以下材料，回答{TSE}题

AFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)advisorycommitteehasconcludedthatanovelnewtreatmentc

angreatlyhelprheumatoidarthritispatients.

ThepanelrecommendedapprovingEnbrelforusealoneinpatientswhohaven，trespondedtootherdr

ugsorincombinationwithmethotrexate,acancerdrugthathasbeenthemaintreatmentfor

rheumatoidarthritiS.

TheFDAmustmakeafinaldecisionbyearlyNovember,andthedrug，smakersaysitcouldbeonthemark

etbyyear'send.

Inrheumatoidarthritis,whichaffects2.Imi11ionAmericans,theimmunesystemattackshealthy

joints.Amajorwrongdoerinthisprocessisaproteincalled^tumorkillingfactor^,orTNF,which

interactswithaspecialmolecule,orTNFreceptor,oncells，surfaces.

tokeepinflammationincheck,cellsnormallyreleasesomereceptorstomopupexcessTNF,renderi

ngitinactive.Apparently,rheumatoidarthritispatientsdon，thaveenoughfree-floatingTNFr

eceptors.

EnbrelconsistsofgeneticallyengineeredTNFreceptors.Inasix-monthstudy,234patientswith

advancedrheumatoidarthritisreceivedoneoftwodosesofEnbreloraplacebo(harmlesssubstanc

egivenasifitweremedicine)intwice-a-weekinjections.Theytookinjectionsforsixmonths.By

theend,40%ofpatientsonthelargerEnbreldosesawsymptoms,suchas.swellingandjointpain,cu

tinhalf.0nly5%ontheplacebodidthat

well.Themainsideeffectwasminorirritationattheinjectionsite.

BecausesomeTNFisneededforanormalimmuneresponse,thereisatleastatheoreticalriskofinfe

ctionsorevencancerinpatientswhotakeEnbrel,sotheFDApanelurgedlong-termsafetystudies.

Lastweek,theFDAapprovedArava,anoraltreatmentforrheumatoidarthritisthatissimilartome

thotrexate.WhilecallingbothEnbrelandArava/zpotentiallyveryimportant^,BrianButcher,vi

ce

presidentforresearchattheArthritisFoundation,notestheyhavebeentestedinrelativelyfew

patients.Butchersaystheirsafetyshouldbecloselymonitoredoncethey，rewidelyavailable.

{TS}EnbrelasrecommendedbyFDAadvisorycommittee(单选题)

A.couldbeasubstituteformethotrexateinthenearfuture.

B.mightbringhopetorheumatoidarthritispatients.

C.shouldbeadministeredtoallrheumatoidarthritispatientsalike.

D.woulddistinguishitselfforitscancer-killingeffect.

试题答案：B

90、The!deathateducationtransmitsknowledgeisdatedbackto（单选题）

A.theRenaissance.humanists.

B.themedievaluniversities.

C.thel8thcentury*sAmericanscholars.

D.theco1dWarperiod.

试题答案：B

91、（单选题）

A.change

B.decline

C.correction

D.interest

试题答案：B

92TnthecaseofCaesarBorgia,theauthoroholdsthat（单选题）

A.Machiavel1ihasbeenobjective.

B.Machiavellirevealedhispersonality.

C.CaesarBorgiawasadeservedmode1.

D.MachiavelfiovervaluedCaesarBorgia.

试题答案：A

93、（单选题）

A.interchangeably

B.immediately

C.intermittently

D.intensively

试题答案：C

94、（单选题）

A.confusing

B.fundamental

C.controversial

D.dominant

试题答案：B

95、（单选题）

A.interchangeably

B.immediately

C.intermittently

D.intensively

试题答案：C

96、（单选题）

A.expensively

B.consistently

C.periodically

D.cheaply

试题答案：D

97>Theword“regression“inthelstparagraphisbestreplacedby（单选题）

A.backwardmovement.

B.unconlledincfination.

C.rapidadvancement.

D.unexpectedrestoration.

试题答案：A

98、（单选题）

A.about

B.around

C.to

D.from

试题答案：c

99Theon1ywaytoreversetheworseningsituationseemstobe（单选题）

A.apolicyofgradualism.

B.sacrificeofpublicinterests.

C.radicalchangesofpolicy.

D.postponingofdrasticactions.

试题答案：C

100、（单选题）

A.declares

B.denies

C.promises

D.argues

试题答案：D

101、（单选题）

A.unpack

B.unroll

C.untie

D.unfold

试题答案：D

102、WhenwastheWor1dBankofficiallyfounded?（单选题）

A.Inl944.

B.Inl946.

C.Tnl949.

D.In2000.

试题答案：B

103>Accordingtotheauthor.theconcernoverthecurrentsituationinedschoolsis（单选题）

A.well-grounded.

B.unnecessary.

C.widespread.

D.ill-founded.

试题答案：A

104、Bysaying^meyhadstruckscientificgold^（Linesl_2,Paragraph",theauthormeansthat

（单选题）

A.theirdiscoveryearnedthemgreatfame.

B.theirfindingsenjoyedenormousmarketvalue.

C.theyacquiredvaluableresourcesfortheirstudies.

D.theyhadmadeasignificantdiscoveryintheirresearch.

试题答案：D

105、（单选题）

A.perpetual

B.consistent

C.prosperous

D.temporary

试题答案：A

106、根据以下材料，回答{TSE}题

JillKerConway,presidentofSmith,echoestheprevailingviewofcontemporarytechnologywhens

hesaysthat/，anyoneintoday，sworldwhodoesn，tunderstanddataprocessingisnoteducated.，zBut

sheinsiststhattheincreasingemphasisonthesemattersleavecertaingaps.Saysshe:〃Theverys

tronglyutilitarianemphasisineducation,whichisaneffectofman-madesatellitesandthecold

war,hasreallyremovedfromthisculturesomethingthatwasveryprofoundinitsl8thandl9thcent

uryroots,whichwasasensethatliteracyandlearningwereendsinthemselvesforademocraticrep

ublic.〃

IncontrasttoPlato,sclaimforthesocialvalueofeducation,aquitedifferentideaofintellect

u-alpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.Overjoyedwiththeirrediscoveryofth

eclassicallearningthatwasthoughttohavedisappearedduringtheDarkAges,theyarguedthatth

eimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification-religious,social,economic,orpolitical.It

spurpose,totheextentthatithasone,istopassonfromgenerationtogenerationthecorpusofkno

wledgethatconstitutescivi1ization.，zWhatcouldmanacquire,byvirtuousstriving,thatismor

evaluablethanknowledge?z，askedErasmus,perhapsthegreatestscholaroftheearl