专题12 阅读理解（课件）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

导师：稻壳儿二轮复习讲练测第十二讲：阅读理解01考情分析02知识建构03真题研析04考点提炼目录CONTENTS05题型特训01考情分析PARTONE阅读理解是每年中考试题的“重中之重”。此题型的分值为30-40分，约占整套试题总分的45%左右。阅读理解主要考查考生通过阅读短文获取一定信息的能力。近几年的中考试题考查的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文等，考查内容比较广泛。不仅如此，阅读理解的文章在体裁方面也越来越多样化，广告、图表等应用文是近年来中考试题的新体裁；在内容方面，也更加体现了时代性和可读性，题材包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等方面。02知识构建PARTTWO知识构建：

文体：

01

记叙文

02

说明文

03

议论文

04

应用文

考查方向：

01主旨题

02推断题

03猜测词义题

04细节理解题。

03考向一、应用文PARTTHREE考向一、应用文英语应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。宜采用“题干定位法”应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在中考试题中，常常是就某一点提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定位法”，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比较。当问题与材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。采用寻读、跳读的方法要注意根据所提问题采用寻读、跳读的方法，这样往往可以达到事半功倍的效果。（A）【题材】建议【词数】268【难度】★★☆☆☆【建议用时】5分钟(2023·广州中考)26.Myfriendkeepscopyingmylook,butIlikelookingspecial.WhatshouldIdo?—AnnTheimportantthingistotellyourfriendthetruthwithouthurtingherfeelings.Todothat,youcantalktoherusingkindwordsandnotfeelingangry.Youcanofferheryouradviceonpopulardressingorevensuggestwearingclothesthatgotogether.Thiswayyou’llstilllooklikeeachother,butnottwins!26./27.Myroomisalwaysmessy.NomatterwhatIdo,Ican’tkeepitclean!—MikeHerearesomegreatwaystomakeyourroomabittidier.Startbypickingupthingsyoudon’tuseorwantanymore.Youcangivethemawaytothoseinneed.Lessthingsmeanslessmess!Then,trytomakeitahabittoputawaythingsafteryouusethem.Donewithyoursportsshoesfortheday?Backwheretheyshouldbe.Finally,setatimerforfiveminuteseachnighttocleananymess!26.I’msadbecauseIhavetogotoasummercamp.Ijustwanttohaveasummerlikemyfriends.Helpmeout!—JessieWe’resorryyou’refeelingthisway!28.Thebestthingtodoistolookatthingsonthebrightside.There,anewgroupofkidswillbecomeyourfriends.They’llknowexactlyhowyoufeelandhelpyou.What’smore,goingtoasummercampdoesn’tmeanaterriblesummer.You’llstillhavefuninthesunwithyourfriends.Theonlyquestionis,whatareyouguysgoingtodotogether?()26.Whomightbemostinterestedinreadingthispassage?A.Youngsportslovers. B.Teenagersinneedofhelp.C.Summercampplanners. D.Kidslookingfordressingideas.B推断题。根据文章“Myfriendkeepscopyingmylook,butIlikelookingspecial.WhatshouldIdo?—Ann”、“Myroomisalwaysmessy.NomatterwhatIdo,Ican’tkeepitclean!—Mike”和“I’msadbecauseIhavetogotoasummercamp.Ijustwanttohaveasummerlikemyfriends.Helpmeout!—Jessie”可知需要帮助的青少年对这篇文章最感兴趣。故选B。()27.WhatproblemdoesMikeneedtosolve?A.Havinganunwantedholidayplan. B.Failingtomanagehistimewisely.C.Notknowinghowtotidyhisroom. D.Unabletogetonwellwithhisfriends.C细节题。根据文章第二段“Myroomisalwaysmessy.NomatterwhatIdo,Ican’tkeepitclean!—Mike”可知Mike不知道怎样整理他的房间。故选C。()28.WhatadvicedoesthewritergivetoJessie?A.Tellyourparentshowyoufeel. B.Bereadytohelpotherstudents.C.Studyharderinthesummercamp. D.Seetheadvantageofwhatyoudislike.D细节题。根据文章最后一段“Thebestthingtodoistolookatthingsonthebrightside.”可知作者建议Jessie要看到事物好的一面。故选D。03考向二、记叙文PARTTHREE做记叙文的时候先将事情发生的时间、地点，人物弄清楚。然后了解事件发生经过。英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是，其主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来；文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。中考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。

Comeon,Amy.YoumustTRYHARDER.Amytoldherselfsilently.29.Shewasinherclass’Second-Day-of-SchoolGamewithherteammates,whomsheonlymetyesterday.Thiswasherfirstchancetomakenewfriends,andshewasnervous.SofarAmyhadn’tgivenanyusefulsuggestions—afterall,shewastotallynewtothistown.Luckily,nooneseemedtocareaboutit.Thisrelaxedheralot.SincetheBlueTeamleftthepark,theyhadworkedoutthefirsttwoclues(线索)andhadbeentothepostoffice.Nowtheywereinfrontofthecinema.Henrywasreadingaloudthethirdclue:Gotoourtownfounder’slastrestingplace.

IknowTHISONE!Amythought,excited.（B）【题材】故事【词数】371【难度】★★★☆☆【建议用时】6分钟

“Tothecemetery(墓地)!”Cindysaid.

“No,wait!”Amysaid.“I’vereadaboutit.Thefounderwasburiednearthelibrary.”

“Wow.I’vewalkedbyeveryday,”Tylersaid.“Neverknewthat!”

“Goodjob!Thatwillsavevaluabletime,”CindysmiledatAmy.

“Westillneedtohurry,”Tylerreminded,pointingtotheYellowTeamcomingnear.

“Iknowashortcut!”Henrysuggested.“Followme!”Noonemoved.

30.

“No,seriously,”Henrysaid.“YouknowI’malwaysrunninglate.Iknoweveryshortcutintown.”Theothersfinallyagreed.

Afewsharpturns,andtheywerethere!ThistimeAmyreadthecluealoud:Nowgototheplacewherethefootballisrunningaround!

“Thefootballstadium!”Theycalledouttogetherandstartedtorun...

31.Nowthey’dgotthefinalclue:Lookwhereyou’vebeen,seewhereyouare.Useyourmapwiselyandyou’llbeastar!

Lookingcloselyatthemap,everyonethoughthard.

“Aha!Astar!”Cindysuddenlybrokethesilence.Shequicklytookoutapencil.

Astheywatchedherdrawinglinesonthemap,everyoneunderstood.

31.

Theybeganrunningbacktowheretheystarted.Theywerecloserandcloserandfinallycrossedthefinishline—justonestepbehindtheRedTeam!

“So...close...”Tylermadeaface,andtheyalllaughedtogether.

“Nicejob,newgirl,”CindygaveAmyahigh-five.

“Thatwasreallyfun,”saidHenry.32.“Ihopewe’llbeonthesameteamsoon.”

“Me,too,”Amyagreed,smiling.()29.WhatdoesthebeginningofthestorytellusaboutAmy?A.Shedidn’twanttoplaythegame. B.Shewasanewstudentinherclass.C.ShewasamemberoftheRedTeam. D.Shedidn’tunderstandthegamerules.B推断题。根据文章第一段Shewasinherclass’Second-Day-of-SchoolGamewithherteammates,whomsheonlymetyesterday.Thiswasherfirstchancetomakenewfriends,andshewasnervous.可知Amy是班里的新生。故选B。()30.WhydidtheteamletHenryleadthewayatlast?A.Heranfastestintheteam. B.Theydidn’tknowtheway.C.Theytrustedhisrichexperience. D.Hewasbestatplayingthegame.C推断题。根据“No,seriously,”Henrysaid.“YouknowI’malwaysrunninglate.Iknoweveryshortcutintown.”Theothersfinallyagreed.可知其余人相信Henry经验丰富。故选C。()31.Wherewasthefinishlineofthegame?A.Inthepark. B.Nexttothepostoffice.C.Infrontofthecinema. D.Outsidethelibrary.A推断题。根据Nowthey’dgotthefinalclue:Lookwhereyou’vebeen,seewhereyouare.Useyourmapwiselyandyou’llbeastar!和Theybeganrunningbacktowheretheystarted.可知他们的终点线是公园。故选A。()32.WhydidAmysmileattheendofthestory?A.Herteamcameinfirst. B.Shewasacceptedasafriend.C.Shenolongerfeltnervous. D.Therewouldbeagamesoon.B推断题。根据Ihopewe’llbeonthesameteamsoon.可知Amy被当作朋友接受了。故选B。03考向三、说明文PARTTHREE说明文是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像记叙文那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点，难点之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。（C）【题材】科普【词数】310【难度】★★★☆☆【建议用时】6分钟

ComputerscientistMaryhasanideaforanewrobottohelpherworkwithchildren.Howshoulditlook?Therobotshouldhavearmstobeabletoliftthings.33.Andifitisgoingtocommunicatewithpeople,itwillalsoneedaface.Scientistsbelievethatgivingarobotafacecanmakeitseemmorefriendly.Humanswouldalsoliketopaymoreattentiontorobotswithfaces.Butwhatkind?

ForMary,shewantstomakesurethathernewrobotdoesn’tlooktoomuchlikeahuman.Shewantspeopletojusttreatitasamachine-person.34.

Ifitlooksmorelikeahumanthanamachine,shethinksusersmightfinditabitcreepyandfeelafraid.Maryalsobelievesthatrobotfacesdon’tneedtolookalotlikeours.Herresearchshowsthatwecanenjoycommunicatingwithrobotswhetherornottheylooklikehumans,becauseourbrainsareabletolookforfaces.Justputtwocirclesontopofarobot’sbody,andwewillseeaface.

Davefeelsdifferently.

35.

Hebelievesthatalthoughatfirstwemightbeafraidwhenseeingarobotwithalifelikeface,wemaysoongetusedtoit.Ifrobotsaregoingtoworkcloselywithhumans,theyshouldlookasmuchlikeusaspossible.Afterall,facesareanimportantpartofthewaywecommunicate.

Tomakehisrobotslookasmuchlikerealpeopleaspossible,Daveinventedaspecialskin(皮肤)fortheirfaces.Withthisskin,robotscanshowhuman-likeexpressionsandappeartobeangry,sad,happyorsurprised.Dave’srobotsarealsoprogrammedtocopyexpressions.How?Justimaginehisrobotislookingatyou.Thecamerasinitseyessendpicturesofyourfacetoitscentralcomputer!()33.Whydoscientiststhinkarobotneedsaface?A.Itwillbecomemorebeautiful. B.Itcandobetterinliftingthings.C.Itwillpaymoreattentiontochildren. D.Itcanbettercommunicatewithpeople.D细节题。根据文章第一段Andifitisgoingtocommunicatewithpeople,itwillalsoneedaface.可知为了更好地与人交流，机器人需要脸。故选D。()34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“creepy”meaninParagraph2?A.Uncomfortabletolookat. B.Impossibletotouch.C.Boringtotalkto. D.Difficulttounderstand.A猜词题。根据文章第二段Ifitlooksmorelikeahumanthanamachine,shethinksusersmightfinditabitcreepyandfeelafraid.可知是看着不适舒服。故选A。()35.WhichofthefollowingwouldDavemostprobablyagreewith?A.Peopleshouldtreatrobotsashumans.B.Robotsneedtoexpresstheirownfeelings.C.Robotsshouldn’tlooktoomuchlikehumans.D.Peoplecaneasilyacceptrobotswithahumanface.D细节题。根据文章第三段Hebelievesthatalthoughatfirstwemightbeafraidwhenseeingarobotwithalifelikeface,wemaysoongetusedtoit.可知Dave认为，虽然起初我们看见有着人脸的机器人时会害怕，但我们可能很快就习惯了。故选D。()36.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainthereasonswhyrobotsshouldhavefaces.B.Tosuggestwhathumanscandowithrobotswithfaces.C.Toshareideasonwhatkindoffacesrobotsshouldhave.D.Toshowhowscientistsinventrobotswithdifferentfaces.C主旨题。通读全文可知本文主要讨论机器人需要什么脸型。故选C。03考向四、议论文PARTTHREE英语议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。

一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨。议论文特别注意主题句，往往有总说和分说的关系，主题句往往出现在第一句或最后归纳总结句中。二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解。与前面做题相同。三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图。议论文一定有作者的观点，要正确把握。（C）【题材】运动【词数】319【难度】★★★☆☆【建议用时】6分钟

Doingsportsisgoodforourbodyandmind.Today,exercisingthroughonlinevideosisbecomingpopular.WiththeInternet,peoplecandoitanytime,anywhere.

8.Oneofmyfriends,LinFei,followedshortvideostododailyexercise.“Withliveprograms,IfeellikeIamworkingoutwithmyfriends,whichencouragesmetoholdontothelastminute,”shesaid.8.Anotherfriendofmine,Michael,toldmethatworkingoutthroughvideosmadehimfeelcomfortable.“Ihaveafearofworkingoutatthegym,becauseIdon’tlikebeingwatchedbypeoplearoundme.Butworkingoutathomedoesn’tmakemefeelembarrassed,”hesaid.

Hearingabouttheirexperiences,Idecidedtogiveitatry.WhenItoldmyplantomyeldersister,aP.E.teacher,shesaidthatworkoutvideoscouldbehelpfulbutmightstillcarrysomeproblems.

“

9.Withoutbeingwithsomeoneinperson,youwillbelesswillingtoworkouttoyourbest.Workingoutatthegymallowsyoutohaveadviceinrealtimeandgetpushedharder,”mysistersaidtome.“Well,ifyoureallywanttohaveatry,first,chooseproperprogramsorvideos.That’sveryimportant.Andthenaskyourfriendsforadvice.Theirexperiencescangiveyouabetterunderstandingofwhatyoucanexpect.Anyway,don’tdependtoomuchonit.Youshouldtrysomedifferentwaystoo.”

Athersuggestions,Ifollowedanonlineprogramforthreemonths,whichalsoofferedadvicetomeetmypersonalneeds.10.Afterthefirstperiodoftraining,IfeltitverypracticalandhelpfulwhenIputintherightamountofworkwithastrongwill.Comparedwithgoingtothegym,usingonlinevideosisamuchcheaperandtime-savingchoice.ButitcanbedifficultsometimeswhenI’mtoolazyortoobusytostickwithit.()8.Whatdothewriter’sfriendsthinkofworkingoutthroughonlinevideos?A.LinFeilikesitbutMichaeldoesn’t. B.BothLinFeiandMichaellikeit.C.MichaellikesitwhileLinFeidoesn’t. D.NeitherLinFeinorMichaellikesit.B细节题。根据文章第二段Oneofmyfriends,LinFei,followedshortvideostododailyexercise.以及Anotherfriendofmine,Michael,toldmethatworkingoutthroughvideosmadehimfeelcomfortable.可知，两个朋友都喜欢跟着视频运动。故选B。()9.Whatisthewriter’ssister’sideaaboutfollowingworkoutvideos?A.Itmayfailtopushyoutoyourbest.B.Itcanofferyouadvicewhenyouexercise.C.Itprovidesyouwithdifferentwaysofexercise.D.Itshowsproperandhelpfulprograms.A细节题。根据文章第四段Withoutbeingwithsomeoneinperson,youwillbelesswillingtoworkouttoyourbest可知。故选A。()10.Whatadviceonworkingoutthroughonlinevideoswillthewriterprobablygive?A.Themoreyouexercise,themoreadviceyouwillget.B.Followingonlinevideosissimplyenough.C.Don’tgiveupespeciallywhenyoufeellazy.D.Don’tgotothegymasitwastesmoneyandtime.C推断题。根据文章最后一段Afterthefirstperiodoftraining,IfeltitverypracticalandhelpfulwhenIputintherightamountofworkwithastrongwill.可知作者可能建议当懈怠时，不要轻易放弃，要有坚强的意志。故选C。()11.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Workingoutthroughonlinevideosisnecessaryandpopular.B.Workingoutthroughonlinevideosisconvenientbutnothelpful.C.Workingoutthroughonlinevideosrequiresastrongwillandaction.D.Workingoutthroughonlinevideoshasadvantagesandproblems.D主旨题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述跟着视频锻炼的优缺点。故选D。04考点提炼PARTFOUR细节理解题一、命题形式。细节理解题主要考查学生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。(一)5W＋1H细节题5W＋1H细节题主要考查学生对文章中发生什么事、事件的主要人物、事件发生的时间、原因、过程、结果的理解。此类题目题干中的关键词是解题的关键，学生需将题干中的关键词代入原文中进行比对，得出正确答案。(二)数字计算题数字计算题多以howmany进行设问，考查某个关键点下所包含多少个小点，学生需弄懂文章中各要点间的逻辑关系；或是考查年份、月份或金钱的计算，文章中经常会出现多个数字，学生需对它们进行比对、分析、计算得出正确答案。方法一：排除干扰项法细节理解题中，部分题目的干扰选项往往是正确细节与非正确细节的混杂，学生需将选项与原文进行比对，排除干扰选项，得出正确答案。()39.WhichsportispopularinAsia?答案定位：在亚洲国家流行的运动A.Manvs.HorseMarathon.B.DragonBoatRacing.C.CaberToss.D.ChessBoxing.Manvs.HorseMarathonThisracetakesplaceinasmalltowninWales,about200milesfromLondon．

威尔士位于英国(欧洲)，排除A项。CamelWrestlingInTurkey,camel(骆驼)wrestlingisaveryoldsport.DragonBoatRacingEveryyearinChina,thousandsofpeoplewatchdragonboatraces.中国为亚洲国家，故B项正确。CaberToss…VisitorstotheUKcancheckitout.英国为欧洲国家，排除C项。ChessBoxing…ThesportismorepopularinEnglandandGermany.(2020年广州)英国和德国均为欧洲国家，排除D项。方法二：同义转换法细节理解题主要考查同义转换，即题干关键词与选项关键信息对原文信息进行了同义转换，同义转换的部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子。因此，做题时需要比对选项与原文的意义是否一致。HisgrandfatherandfatherweredoctorsandtheyoungDarwinwenttoEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.However,hehatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn'tbeadoctor.HethenwenttoCambridgeUniversityanddiscoveredthathehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals.(2022年广州)同义转换：studymedicine→studyofmedicine同义转换：hatedtoseeblood→didn'tlikeseeingblood，故选A。()34.WhatcausedDarwintogiveuphisstudyofmedicine?

定位到原文第一段A.Hedidn'tlikeseeingblood.B.Hefoundthestudiestoodifficult.C.Hewaspushedtogiveupbyhisfamily.D.Hewasadvisedtostudynaturalscience.方法三：细节推敲法此类题目不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，学生需根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等对文章细节进行推敲，得出正确答案。

“I'msorry！”Amyapologised.

“It'sokay，”hergrandfathersaidquietly.“Itwasanaccident.”Theyopenedtheboxand,sureenough,manyoftheplateswerebroken.Onlyafewremainedwhole.Lookingatthesmallpieces,Amyfeltreallyterrible.Sheknewtheseplateswerepasseddownfromhergreatgrandparentsand…

(2022年广州)Amy知道这些盘子是从她曾祖父母那里传下来的，由此可推知，这些盘子是有意义的家族财宝，故选C。()31.WhydidAmyfeelsorryforthebrokenplates?

定位到原文第四段A.Theywereneverusedbythefamily.B.Theywerevaluableholidaypresents.C.Theyweremeaningfulfamilytreasures.D.Theywereexpensivehometownproducts.排序题一、命题形式。排序题是细节理解题的其中一种题目，主要在记叙文中考查。该题型主要考查学生对事件发展的逻辑关系的理解。题目中通常给出从原文中抽取出来的5或6个具体事实，要求学生按照事件发生的先后顺序。二、解题技巧。方法一：原文标记法在文章中标出所给选项，按照文章所呈现的顺序得出正确答案。注意选项与原文的同义转换，以及原文中有无特殊的时间标志词。()36.InwhatorderdidthefollowinghappeninDarwin'slife?a.HearrivedbackinBritainin1836.b.Hethoughtthepublicwouldnotsupporthisideas.c.Hebecameinterestedinstudyingthenaturalworld.d.Heprintedhisfamousbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.e.Hereceivedhelptogetaplaceonatriparoundtheworld.f.Hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsontheislandshevisited.A.e→f→c→a→b→dB.c→e→f→a→b→dC.e→f→a→c→d→b D.c→e→f→d→a→bEarlyyears…HethenwenttoCambridgeUniversityanddiscoveredthathehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals.同义转换：hadagreatinterestin→becameinterestedin，对应c项Luckily,oneofDarwin'suniversityteachershelpedhimjointheperfecttripforabiologist:avoyagearoundtheworldtostudynature.同义转换：jointheperfecttrip,aroundtheworld→getaplaceonatriparoundtheworld，对应e项TheBeagleWhilehewastravelling,hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthecountriesandontheislandsthattheshipvisited.Darwinalsospent对应f项histimeonTheBeaglewritingnotesaboutthethingshehadseen.WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain,Darwinwasalreadystarting对应a项tocreatehisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshadacommonancestor(祖先)．DownhouseHethoughtthepublicwouldbeagainstitandwassofrightened同义转换：wouldbeagainst→wouldnotsupport，对应b项thathebecameillwithworry.However,whenanotherscientisttartedtowriteaboutsimilarideas,Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies．

对应d项

(2022年广州)将各选项所对应的原文部分进行排序可知，正确顺序为c→e→f→a→b→d，故选B。方法二：首尾定位法找出最早和最晚的时间点或事件，使用排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项。()28.WhatisthecorrectorderofAmy'sfirst­aidactions?艾米的急救行动→限定了排序的范围，帮助定位到原文a.Shefoundaproperstick.b.ShehelpedliftRoyintothetruck.c.Sheaskedtheboysforsomeshirts.d.Shetiedtheshirtsaroundthebrokenleg.e.ShesentsomeonetogetRoy'smumandatruck.A.c­e­a­b­dB.a­c­e­d­bC.e­c­a­d­bD.e­c­a­b­dThekidsdidn'tknowwhattodo.AmyrantoRoyandsawoneofhislegsoutofshape.Abrokenleg!Sherememberedwhatthefirst­aidbooksaidaboutit.由此可知下文将围绕Amy的急救行动展开“Victor！”Amycalledtooneoftheboys.“GogetRoy'smama,

对应e项andfindsomeonewithatruck．”Sheturnedtotheothers.“Givemeyourshirts.Weneedsomethingtotiehislegwith.”

对应c项Amythenfoundastrong,straightstick.Shecarefullywrapped对应a项theshirtsaroundRoy'slegandthestick.Roycriedoutinpain.“I

同义转换：wrapped→tied，对应d项knowithurts，”Amysaidsoftly.“Butthiswillholditstilluntilyougettothehospital.” WhenAmywasdone,shelookedupandsawRoy'smamaandamanwatchingbesideatruck,“Thankyou,Amy，”Roy'smamasaid.AmyhelpedthemliftRoyintothetruck,thentheydrovedown对应b项thehillsidetowardsthehospital.(2020年广州)定位原文范围后，快速找出各选项对应部分并排序可知，正确顺序为e­c­a­d­b，故选C。推理判断题一、命题形式。推理判断题要求学生根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。此类题目不能直接从文中找到答案，学生须根据文章的细节或文章所表达的观点进行推断，不可凭个人臆断进行选择。近五年广州市中考真题中，推理判断题多出现于记叙文、说明文中，常考查对文章来源、文章目的、文章或段落内容的推理，其中对文章或段落内容的推理包括考查写作技巧、最佳描述、原因或现象推理等。常见的设问有：Inwhichsectionofthenewspaperwouldyouprobablyreadthisarticle?Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?Whichsentencebestdescribes…？HowdoesthewriterdevelopParagraph…？Why…？二、解题技巧。方法一：针对文章来源的判断此类题目可以根据文章的用词和格式来推断文章的出处，也可以根据文章内容的主题意义来确定文章的出处。ManypeopleknowthatrubbishisabigproblemonplanetEarth.Whatmanypeopledon'tknowisthatjunk(垃圾)hasbecomeaprobleminouterspace,too.AccordingtoBBCNews,therearemorethan22，000piecesofspacejunkfloatingaroundtheearth.(2018年广州)题干意为：在报纸中的哪个部分可能看到这篇文章？根据文中关键词rubbish,junk,spacejunk等，可推断出文章与环境问题相关，故可在“环境”版块读到这篇文章，故选A。()40.Inwhichsectionofthenewspaperwouldyouprobablyreadthisarticle?A.Environment.B.LocalNews.C.Education.D.Fashion.方法二：针对文章目的的判断判断文章的目的，可以从文章的主题句入手，了解文章大意，梳理文章脉络，对作者写这篇文章的目的进行推断。Whenyouandyourfriendsturntoeachothertotalkaboutproblemsortroubles,yougiveeachotheradviceandhelp.Oneimportantthingofourgrowthistomakedecisionstohelpourfriendsandlearntosupporteachother.Thisrequiresustolearnwhatitmeanstohelpfriendsandhowtohelptheminrightways.

找出各段的主题句

Thefirststeptowardhelpingothersistoidentifythattheyneedhelp.

Thenextsteptowardhelpingothersistolisten.(2022年广州)题干意为：这篇文章的目的是什么？通过阅读各段的主题句可知，文章主要讲如何恰到好处地帮助别人，故选D。()26.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Todiscusswhypeoplehelpeachother.B.Todescribetheproblemsofgivinghelp.C.Tointroducetheadvantagesofgivinghelp.D.Toexplainhowwecanhelpothersproperly.方法三：针对文章或段落内容的判断对文章或段落内容的推理判断主要立足于文章的细节，学生需要从细节中找到线索，总结推理出正确答案。

Forthosewhoneedsomedrivestostopprocrastinating,thebestadvicemightbetotakeactionfirst.Ifyou'vebeenprocrastinatingonformingahabitofexercise,justputonyourwalkingshoes.Alittlebitofprogresswillgetyoumoving.(2021年广州)题干意为：如果大卫不想再拖延写作任务，他应该怎么做？阅读原文第四段可知，对于那些需要一些动力来停止拖延的人，最好的建议可能是先采取行动。故可推断大卫若不想拖延写作任务，就要拿起笔，着手写下有可能会用到的起始句，故选D。()40.WhatshouldDaviddoifhewantstostopprocrastinatingonawritingtask?定位到原文第四段A.Putonsomesoftmusictohelpthinkactively.B.Enjoyafavouriteice－cream,andthenstartwriting.C.SearchtheInternetforenoughideasbeforestarting.D.Pickupapenandwritedownpossiblestartingsentences.

Overtheyears,kiteshavealsohelpedpeopleunderstandthenaturalworld．In1749,forexample,thermometersweretiedto主题句例子1

例子2kitestomeasuretemperatures.In1906,camerashangingfromkitestookpicturesofSanFrancisco,Californiaafteranearthquake.Thephotoshelpedpeopleplanwhattodo.(2020年广州)题干意为：作者是怎么展开第五段的？阅读原文第五段可知，本段为总分结构，第一句为主题句，其后通过列举两个在1749年和1906年的例子，说明主题句的内容，即是举例子的说明方法，故选D。()34.HowdoesthewriterdevelopParagraph5?A.Bytellingstories.B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Bycomparingfacts.D.Bygivingexamples.方法四：针对文章读者的判断此类题目要先了解文章主旨大意，抓住文章中能提示读者对象的词或句进行判断。Herearewhatyouwillneed：•agrown－uphelper…Step2:Askagrown－uptonailthepiecestogether.Step3:Puttheshirton.Askagrown－uptonailonearmpiecetotheshoulder…(2021年广州)题干意为：这篇文章最有可能写给谁的？通读全文，通过关键词“agrown－up”可知，作者建议向成年人寻求帮助，由此可推测这篇文章是写给年纪小的孩子的，故选A。()34.Thispassageismostprobablywrittenfor________．A.youngkids B.parentsC.grown－uphelpersD.teachers词义猜测题一、命题形式。词义猜测题考查英英转换，即选项都是英语。一般是对实词或短语的意义进行考查，或是对代词的指代进行考查。对实词的考查主要是名词(5年1考)和动词(5年3考)。对短语的考查(5年1考)可能是俚语或是英语中的习惯性表达，构成这类短语的单词简单易懂，但组合起来会有新的含义，如2018年的词义猜测题中catchhiseye表示“抓住眼球”，即吸引某人的注意力。二、解题技巧。方法一：语境推断法实词或短语的词义猜测题都可以通过上下文语境推断出答案，学生可以根据上下文之间的并列关系、已知信息与生词的同义关系、反义关系等逻辑关系推断出生词的意思。Thefirststeptowardhelpingothersistoidentifythattheyneedhelp.Weallknowthatdifficultiesarepartofourdailylives.However,sometimessmallthingscanleadtomoreseriousproblemsthatrequiremorehelp.It'simportanttomakesurewhentohelpafriend.Forexample,youmaypickupsomesignsthatyourfriendsarenotactinglikethemselves.Thesesignsshowtheymaynotbewell.(2022年广州)由原文第二段第四句可知，确认什么时候帮助朋友很重要，由此可推知，帮助他人的第一步是确认他们需要帮助，identify表示“识别，确认”，相当于discover，故选B。()27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“identify”inParagraph2mean?A.Require.B.Discover.C.Suggest.D.Remember.方法二：指代关系法文章中的代词it,that,this,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。注意选项与原文的同义转换。Manyearlierexperimentswithplantsinspacehadusedclosed干扰项rooms.Dr.Williamstriedanewgreenhousethathadafantokeeptheairmove.Theplantslovedit.Theyfloweredandevenproducedmoreseeds.…astronautGeorgecompletedthefirstseed­to­seedexperimentinspace,andmovedoneplantclosertoagardenin

干扰项space．“Andthis，”saysDr.Williams,“isgoodnewsforlong­termspacetravel．”(2020年广州)干扰项(travel→journey)由上文可知，威廉博士尝试了一种新的温室，里面有一个扇子让空气保持流动。由此可推断，植物喜欢的是“流动的空气”(keeptheairmove→themovingair)，故选A。()44.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph7refersto________．A.themovingairB.theclosedroomC.thespacejourneyD.thespacegarden主旨大意题一、命题形式。主旨大意题主要考查学生对文章的概括能力，要求学生在理解全文的基础上，归纳短文的大意、概括文章的中心思想或写出文章的标题。二、解题技巧。第一步：定位主题句，弄懂文章中心思想。方法一：开门见山主题句出现在文首，这种结构主要是为了开门见山，先提出主题，然后围绕主题用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。方法二：藏头露尾主题