专题08 非谓语动词（讲练）（原卷版）-2024中考英语二轮复习

1/1专题08非谓语动词非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词，它们在句中不能单独作谓语，而有谓语以外的其他语法功能，在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制，但仍有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，在特殊情况下有时to可以省略。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也具有动词的部分特征，能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加-ing构成，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。我们从中考题中分析，非谓语动词通常出现在单项选择，语法选择，语法填空，选词填空等考题中。对于非谓语动词语法能力考察集中于以下两点：（1）动词不定式（2）动名词、现在分词考向分析：中考对于非谓语动词的考察要求考生们：（1）掌握非谓语动词的定义；（2）掌握动词不定式的用法；（3）掌握一些特殊结构。不定式1.（2023·广州·语法选择）Hewasnotfastenough______theworms(虫子)MamaBirdbroughtback.A.get B.got C.getting D.toget【答案】D【解析】句意：他没有那么快的去拿到鸟妈妈带回来的虫子。get得到，动词原形；got过去式；getting现在分词；toget不定式。Enough+todo“足够……去做某事”。故选D。2.（2023·扬州）Scienceismyfavouritesubject,soIhaveprepared________theSTEAMClub.A.join B.joining C.tojoin D.tojoining【答案】C【解析】句意：科学是我最喜欢的科目，所以我已经准备加入STEAM俱乐部了。考查非谓语动词。preparetodosth“准备做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动词不定式，故选C。3（2023·天津）Davidlearnt________whenhewasfive.A.swim B.swims C.swam D.toswim【答案】D【解析】句意：大卫五岁时学习游泳。考查非谓语动词。learntodosth“学习做某事”，为固定短语，故选D。动词不定式：to+doA、不定式语法作用不定式的作用例句作主语①Tolearnisveryimportant.②Todriveintherightisnotallowedhere.注意：①不定式作主语时，可置句首。②如果过长，可采用it作形式主语，不定式后置的结构。※重点句式：1.Itis/was+adj./n.+todo（做什么。。是。。）①Itwasdifficulttoanswerthequestion.※重点句式：2.Itis/was+adj.+forsth./sb.+todo.3.Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todo①Itisnecessaryforthisdoortobelocked.②Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.4.Ittakes/tooksb.+时间+todosth.5.sb.+be+adj.+todosth.6.think/find+it+adj.+todosth.作表语Themostimportantthingisnottogiveup.作宾语①Iwanttoswiminthepool.②Theyintendtopostponethetrip.③Agoodtranslatorishardtofind.作定语Givehimanornamenttopolish.②Ineedavolunteertotaketheminutes.作状语①Theofficerreturnedtohelp.（目的状语）②Myparentswillbehappytomeetyou.（原因状语）B不定式的疑问式“疑问词+todo”结构，相当于相应的从句Idon'tknowwhattosay.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Idon’tknowhowtodoit.Idon’tknowwhattodoaboutit.C不定式的否定式TheteacherwarnedKatenottosleepinclass.TheteachertoldSallynottogiveupplayingthepianoeventhoughshehadnotimeD省略to的不定式省略to的不定式常有let,make，see,hear，watch。而help后作宾语或宾补时可以用to，也可以省略toDon’tletyourchildplaywithfire.Theloudmusicmademewanttoleave.动名词1．（2023·江苏淮安）Wehadmuchdifficulty________theproblem.Wereallywentthroughahardtime.A．tosolve B．solving C．solve D．solved【答案】B【答案】句意：我们解决这个问题有很大困难。我们确实经历了一段艰难的时期。考查非谓语动词。根据“Wehadmuchdifficulty...”可知，此处考查动词短语havedifficulty(in)doing“做某事有困难”，因此用动名词solving。故选B。2．（2023·上海）________fordogfoodandvisitingthevetarereallyexpensive.A．Pay B．Topay C．Paid D．Paying【答案】D【答案】句意：花钱买狗粮和去看兽医真的很贵。此句是and连接的两个动名词短语做主语，由“andvisitingthevet”可知，空格处用动名词，故选D。形式：①动名词与现在分词同型(v-ing）②起到名词的作用动名词的作用例句作主语（谓语动词为单数）ReadinghelpsyoulearnEnglish.作宾语（有的动词直接加动名词作其宾语；有的加介词后动名词作其宾语）1.Hequitsmokingayearago.2.Ilookforwardtohelpingyoupaintthehouse.It+形容词+动名词Itisnousetellinghimnottoworry.（此类形容词还包括：better、wonderful、enjoyable、interesting、foolish、difficult、useless、senseless、worthwhile）作表语（对主语进一步说明，相当于一个名词）1.Myjobisteaching.2.Seeingisbelieving.作定语（表示用途或性质）1.aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming2.amovingtruck=atruckformoving.常见非谓语考向常用的带动词不定式todo的词want,wouldlike,agree,decide,refuse,learntoo…todo,adj.+enoughtodo常用的带todo做宾语补足语(v.+sb.+todo)的词asksb.(not)todosth.,tellsb.(not)todosthwant,wouldlike,wish,teach,allow,encourage,help,warn.常用的不带to的情况let,make,hadbetter.see,hear,watch 常用的只带doing的词Keep,enjoy,practise,finish,mindbebusydoing,spend…(in)doingsuggestdoing,preferdoingtodoing介词+doing动词接Ving和todo的区别有些谓语动词之后既可以加动词不定式todo，也可以加动名词doing，但是它们的中文意思不同。如：stoptodosomething停止手中事，去做另一件事stopdoingsomething停止正在做的事remember/forget/regrettodosomething记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regretdoingsomething记得/忘记/遗憾做了某事（指动作已经发生）trytodosomething设法，努力去做，尽力trydoingsomething试试去做，看有何结果meantodosomething打算做，企图做meandoingsomething意思是，意味着当谓语动词是感观动词时，其形式是：谓语动词+sb./sth.+do/doing，但用法有区别：如：watchsb.do观看某人做了某事 seesb.do看见某人做了某事watchsb.doing观看某人正在做某事 seesb.doing看见某人正在做某事hearsb.do听见某人做了某事 findsb.do发现某人做了某事hearsb.doing听见某人正在做某事 findsb.doing发现某人正在做某事一、选择填空1.（2023·长春）Weexpecttheworld_______Chinabetterafterthe19thAsianGamesinHangzhou.A.understanding B.tounderstand C.understood D.understand2.（2023·南通）________healthy,we’vegotusedtowashinghandsbeforemealsandusingpublicchopsticks.A.Keeping B.Keep C.Tokeep D.Tokeeping3．（2023·辽宁盘锦）Theseflowersdon’talwaysneed________,soyou_______themeveryday.A．towater;don’tneedtowaterB．watering;needn’ttowaterC．towater;don’tneedwaterD．watering;don’tneedtowater4．（2023·江苏扬州）Thecareerhedevotedhimselfto________him________bypeopleallovertheworld.A．made;remembered B．making;rememberC．making;wasremembered D．made;toremember5．（2023·湖南湘西）Ioftenpractice_______thepianointhemorning,butmyneighborsdon’tmind_______thesound.A．play;hearing B．playing;hearing C．playing;tohear6．（2023·江苏淮安）Wehadmuchdifficulty________theproblem.Wereallywentthroughahardtime.A．tosolve B．solving C．solve D．solved7．（2023·江苏扬州二模）________oureyesight,weshouldpayattentiontothedistancebetweenoureyesandthebookorscreen.A．Protect B．Toprotect C．Protecting D．Toprotecting8．（2023·上海浦东二模）Workinginthefieldforawholedayletthechildren________thefarmers’hardlife.A．understand B．tounderstand C．understood D．understanding9．（2023·上海·模拟预测）________fordogfoodandvisitingthevetarereallyexpensive.A．Pay B．Topay C．Paid D．Paying10．（2023·湖北武汉模拟）Ifyouwant________yourpronunciation,keepon________everyday.A．improve,topractice B．improved,practicingC．improving,topractice. D．toimprove,practicing11.Whyhaveyoukeptme________hereforsolongtime?A.waited B.towait C.waiting D.towaiting12.Hisauntwantedtohavehim________theradio,buthehadhadit________already.（人教版U7句式）A.repair；repair B.torepair；repair C.repaired；torepair D.repair；repaired13.I’msorryIforgot______thedictionarytoyou.A.returnedB.returningC.toreturnD.return14.Youmusthavetheclassroomafterschool.It'stoodirty.

（人教版U7句式）A.clean B.cleaningC.cleaned D.toclean15.________important________usnottogiveupwhenwefaileachtime.A.It’s,for B.It’s,of C.That’s,for D.That’s,of16.Doyouknowwhen________thedayaftertomorrow?A.leave B.leaving C.toleave D.willleave17.—Amy,I’mnotgoodatbasketball.WhatshouldIdo?—Whynot________abasketballclubtopractise________basketball?A.join,playing B.tojoin,toplay C.attend,playing D.toattend,toplay18.Afteryoufinish________thestory,doyouknowwhat________next?A.towrite;doing B.writing;doing C.towrite;todo D.writing;todo19.Stampsusedto________verycommon,butweareusedto________emailsnow,soweseldombuystamps.A.be,write B.be,writing C.being,writing D.being,write20.Iwillshowyou_________.A.whattodo B.todowhat C.howtodo D.todohow21.Remember________thebookintimewhenyouhavefinished________it.A.toreturn;reading B.returning;readingC.returning;toread D.toreturn;toread22.—Amy,I’mnotgoodatbasketball.WhatshouldIdo?—Whynot________abasketballclubtopractise________basketball?A.join,playing B.tojoin,toplay C.attend,playing D.toattend,toplay23.—Iheardyourbrotherfailedtheexamthistime.—Yes,hedecided________novelbooks.A.reading B.notreading C.toread D.nottoread24.Thesedays,Ispendmyweekends________thechildrenwithoutparents.Ienjoyitverymuch.A.tohelp B.helping C.help D.helped25.________fishwithcormorants________atraditionalskill.A.Catching,is B.Catching,are C.Catch,is D.Catch,are26.Margaretisstilltrying______thePhysicsproblembyherselfintheclassroom.A.toworkoutB.workingoutC.toworkingoutD.workedout27.Thechildrenweremade________theirhomeworkfirst.A.doB.todoC.didD.doing28.Mariausedto________late.Butnowsheisusedto________early.A.gettingup;getupB.getup;getupC.getup;gettingupD.gettingup;gettingup29.Itisagoodideaforteachers________teenagerstohavelesshomework.A.toallowB.toallowedC.allowD.allowing30.—Idon’tknowhowtodraw.—Don’tworry.I’llshowyou________.A.whattodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoD.howtodoit31.IsawTom_______ontheplaygroundamomentago.A.wasplayingB.toplayC.playedD.playing32.Ididn’tknowwhyherefused________methetruth.A.tellB.totellC.tellingD.totelling33.—Ieatjunkfoodeveryday,ittastessodelicious.—It’snotgoodforyourhealth.Whynot________lessjunkfood?A.tryeatingB.trytoeatC.tryeatD.trytoeating34.TheRedCrossisalwaysthefirst_________helptovictimswhenadisasterhappens.A.provideB.providingC.toprovideD.toproviding35.Charlieadmittedhischeatinginthemathsexamandpromised______cheatanylonger.A.won'tB.doesn'tC.nottoD.tonot36.Thetentis________forafamilyofthree________.A.bigenough;toliveinB.enoughbig;toliveinitC.bigenough;toliveD.enoughbig;livein37.Susan’sparentsoftenmakeher__________theviolinforthreehoursonweekends.A.practicetoplay.B.practiceplayingC.topracticeplaying.D.practicingtoplay38.Wefound________veryinteresting________English.A.it;learningB.it;tolearnC.that;tolearnD.this;learning39.—WhydidyoucallJackjustnow?—________himaboutourschooltrip.A.TellB.TotellC.TellingD.Tells40.Howmuchtimedoesit________you________there?A.spend;gettingB.spend;togetC.take;togetD.take;getting41.Youmustbetirednow.Whynot_________arest?A.tostoptohaveB.tostophavingC.stoptohaveD.stophaving42.Hisdreamis________amusiciansomeday.A.tobecomingB.becomesC.becomeD.tobecome43.Mymotheroftenasksme____early.A.getupB.getsupC.gettingupD.togetup44.Theteachermadetheboy__________thesentencefivetimesafterschool.A.towriteB.writeC.wroteD.written45.Heistootired________anylonger.A.nottowalkB.notwalkingC.walkingD.towalk46.—MrLeereallylovesanimalsandhehasmadeadecisiontodoeverythingheislookingforwardto______animals.—Heisreallyananimal-lover.A.protectingB.tohuntC.toprotectD.hunting47.—Wouldyoulike____shoppingwithme?—I’dliketo.ButI’mbusy_____thehousework.A.going;togoB.togo;goingC.togo;todoD.going;doing48.—HowdoyoustudyforanEnglishtest?—________.A.ByworkwithfriendsB.BylistentotapesC.ByaskingtheteacherwithhelpD.Bymakingwordcards49.Theboyneeds_________andhisbikeneeds_________.A.torest;tomendB.resting;mendingC.torest;mendingD.resting;tomend50.Themovieisreallyworth________,becauseit’ssoeducational.A.watchesB.watchC.towatchD.