2021年英语专业八级翻译英译汉

英译汉Atitsheart，psycholinguisticworkconsistsoftwoquestions.Oneis，Whatknowledgeoflanguageisneededforustouselanguage?Inasense，wemustknowalanguagetouseit，butwearenotalwaysfullyawareofthisknowledge.Adistinctionmaybedrawnbetweentacitknowledgeandexplicitknowledge.Tacitknowledgereferstotheknowledgeofhowtoperformvariousacts，whereasexplicitknowledgereferstotheknowledgeoftheprocessesormechanismsusedintheseacts.Wesometimesknowhowtodosomethingwithoutknowinghowwedoit.Forinstance，abaseballpitcher(投手)mightknowhowtothrowabaseball90milesanhourbutmighthavelittleornoexplicitknowledgeofthemusclegroupsthatareinvolvedinthisact.Similarly，wemaydistinguishbetweenknowinghowtospeakandknowingwhatprocessesareinvolvedinproducingspeech.Generallyspeaking，muchofourlinguisticknowledgeistacitratherthanexplicit.参照译文：心理语言学研究涉及两个核心问题。第一，咱们使用语言需要什么语言知识？从某种意义上说，咱们必要拥有某种语言知识才干使用该语言，但却并不总是能完全意识到这种知识。咱们也许要对隐性知识和显性知识加以区别。隐性知识是指如何执行各种动作所拥有知识，而显性知识是指在这些动作中使用过程或者机制所蕴含知识。有时，咱们懂得如何做某事，却无法说出咱们是怎么做。例如，一名棒球投手也许懂得如何以每小时90英里速度把球抛出去，但对关于参加此活动肌群显性知识却知之甚少，或一无所知。同样地，咱们懂得如何说话，但却不清晰言语产生包括哪些过程。总来说，咱们大多数语言知识都是隐性知识而非显性知识。英译汉Thephysicaldistancebetweenspeakerscanindicateanumberofthingsandcanalsobeusedtoconsciouslysend

messages

about

intent.Closeness，forexample，indicatesintimacyorthreattomanyspeakerswhilstdistancemay

denoteformalityoralackofinterest.Proximityisalsobothamatterofpersonalstyleandisoftenculture-boundsothatwhatmayseemnormaltoaspeakerfromoneculturemayappearunnecessarily

closeordistanttoaspeakerfromanother.And，standingclosetosomeonemaybequiteappropriateinsomesituationssuchasinformalparty，butcompletelyoutofplaceinothers，suchasmeetingwithasuperior.Posturecanconveymeaningtoo.Hunchedshouldersandahangingheadgiveapowerfulindicationofmood.Aloweredheadwhenspeakingtoasuperior(withorwithouteyecontact)canconveytheappropriaterelationshipinsomecultures.演说者与听众之间实际距离普通来是用来传送演说内容最佳途径但是同步可以表白诸多问题。就拿距离远近来说，近距离可以体现演说者和听众一种密切限度但同步对于演说者也是一种心灵上震慑，相反，远距离会是一种较正式提现但也可说是一种缺少兴趣体现。大体距离不但仅是一种个人风格提现同步也和个人文化背景息息有关，因而在一种文化中所体现演说者与听众之间适当距离在另一种文化中也许会被界定成一种过度亲近亦或过度疏远。再例如，如在非正规宴会中，双方之间紧贴距离是一种适当体现但是如若是和高层领导洽谈，这样距离就显得适得其反了。不但仅是距离，姿势也会透露诸多细节。俯身前倾，头部前伸是一种正面情绪提现。但当和尊者沟通还随着着时不时眼神交流时，谦卑低头在某些文化背景中却也是一种适当氛围。英译汉TheUNGeneralAssembly，thecentralpoliticalforum，iscomposedof193members，includingvirtuallyalltheworld’snation-states.Twothirdsofitsmembersaredevelopingcountries，whichaccountforaboutthree-quartersoftheworld’spopulation.Reachingdecisionsisdifficult，especiallysinceallagreementsbycustommustbereachedbyconsensus.Asaresult，importantagreementsareoftenheldhostagebynarrowspecialinterests，andmostagreementsarereachedonlybyreducingthemtotheirlowestcommondenominators.Buttherealquestioniswhetherthemajorcountriesoftheworldwillallowdemocracytofunctionatthehighestlevel.TheSecurityCouncil，whichisresponsibleforpeaceandsecurity，dealswithissuesofthegreatestpoliticalimportance.TheCouncilhasonly15memberssoitcanmeetfrequentlyanddealwithcrises.OnceimpotenceduetoColdWarrivalries，ithasregainedmuchoftheauthorityaccordedbytheUNcharter.参照译文联合国代表大会，中心政治论坛，由193个成员国构成，几乎涉及世界上所有国家，其中三分之二国家为发展中华人民共和国家，占世界总人口四分之三。通过决策非常困难，特别是所有惯例决出合同必要达到一致才干通过。成果就是，重要合同总是被狭隘特殊利益所挟持，并且大某些合同都只是用来使自己利益最大化。但真正问题是世界上重要国.与否乐意看到民主最大限度地开展。联合国安理睬，负责和平和安全，解决最重要政治问题。安理睬只有15个成员国，因此能经常性地应付危机。它曾一度由于冷战对立而停摆，但已经重新获得了联合国宪章予以权利。英译汉Insomecases，intelligentpeopleimplementingintelligentpoliciesareresponsibleforproducinga"boomerangeffect"；theyactuallycreatemoreofwhateveritistheyseektoreduceinthefirstplace.

Theboomerangeffecthasbeenachievedmanytimesinrecentyearsbymenandwomenofgoodwill.Statelegislaturesaroundthenationhaverecentlyraisedthedrinkingagebackto21inanefforttoreducetheprevalenceofviolentdeathsamongouryoungpeople.Butsuchpoliciesseeminsteadtohavecreatedtheconditionsforevenmorecampusviolence.Somecollegestudentswhopreviouslydrankinbarsandloungesunderthewatchfulsupervisionofbouncers(夜总会,酒吧等保安人员)(nottomentionownerseartokeeptheirliquorlicenses)nowretreattothesanctuaryoftheirfraternityhousesandapartments，wheretheynolongercontroltheirbehavior-ortheirdrinking.

Theboomerangeffecthasalsoplayedaroleinattemptstoreducetheavailabilityofillicitdrugs.Duringrecentyears，thefederalgovernmenthasbeenquitesuccessfulinreducingthesupplyofstreetdrugs.Asfieldsareburnedandcontraband(违禁品）confiscated，thepriceofstreetdrugshasskyrocketedtoapointwherecheapalterativehavebeguntocompeteinthemarketplace.Unfortunately，thecheapalternativesareevenmoreharmfulthantheillicitdrugstheyreplace.参照译文：相反是，上述政策似乎引起了更多校园暴力。此前，某些大学生会在夜总会酒吧饮酒，那是处在酒吧保安人员严密监控之下(酒吧老板们这样做固然只是为了保住自己营业执照)。当前，大学生们会躲到兄弟会会所和公寓中酗酒，她们主线不会控制自己行为。在打击非法毒品方面，政府采用办法同样适得其反。近年来,联邦政府卓有成效地抑制了街头毒品。毒品种植地被烧毁，违禁品被没收，直接导致街头毒品价格暴涨，某些便宜代替品开始进入市场。不幸是，便宜代替品带来危害远比非法毒品更大。英译汉WhenflyingoverNepal，it'seasytosoarinyourimaginationandpretendyou'retiny-abutterfly-anddriftingaboveoneofthosethree-dimensionaltopographicalmapsarchitectsuse，thecirclingcontourlinesreplacedbytheterracedricepaddiesthatsurroundeachhighridge.

Nepalisasmallcountry，andfromthewindowsofourplanefloatingeastwardat12,000feet，onecanseeclearlythebrilliantwhitemirageofthehighHimalayasthirtymilesoftheleftwindow.Outtherightwindow，theviewisofthreeorfourhighterracedridgesgivingsuddenwaytotheplainsofIndiabeyond.

Threewerefewroadsvisiblebelow，mosttransportationinNepalbeingbyfootalongancienttrailsthatconnectandbindthecountrytogether.Thereisalsoanetworkofdirtairstrips，whichwasfortunateforme，asIhadnotimeforthetwo-and-a-halfweektrektomydestination.Iwasinaflighttothelocalairport.

参照译文：飞机飞越尼泊尔上空时，你很容易天马行空起来，假想自己很渺小像只蝴蝶在建筑师所使用某个三维地形图上方漂浮着，在这里，地形图一圈圈轮廓线变成了环绕高耸山脊成阶梯状稻田。尼泊尔是个小国。咱们飞机在1英尺高空向东飞去。从左边机窗望去，你能清晰地看到30英里外高耸喜马拉雅山耀眼白色蜃景。

靠右边机窗外是三、四条成梯状高耸山脊，再往远处突然之间成了印度平原。飞机下面看不这几条公路。尼泊尔交通方式以步行为主，人们沿着连接整个国家古老小径行走着。尼泊尔也有一种土筑飞机场网络，这对我来说很幸运，由于我没时间长途跋涉两周半时间到达我目地。我在飞往本地机场飞机上。.英译汉IthoughtthatitwasaSundaymorninginMay；thatitwasEasterSunday，andasyetveryearlyinthemorning.Iwasstanding，asitseemedtome，atthedoorofmyowncottage.Rightbeforemelaytheveryscenewhichcouldreallybecommandedfromthatsituation，butexalted，aswasusual，andsolemnizedbythepowerofdreams.Therewerethesamemountains，andthesamelovelyvalleyattheirfeet；butthemountainswereraisedtomorethanAlpineheight，andtherewasinterspacedfarlargerbetweenthemofsavannahsandforestlawns；thehedgeswererichwithwhiteroses；andnolivingcreaturewastobeseen，exceptingthatinthegreenchurchyardtherewerecattletranquillyreposingupontheverdantgraves，andparticularlyroundaboutthegraveofachildwhomIhadoncetenderlyloved，justasIhadreallyseenthem，alittlebeforesunrise，inthesamesummerwhenthatchilddied.参照译文：我想那是五月一种周日上午;那天是复活节，一种大清早上。我站在自家小屋门口。就在我面前呈现出了那么一番景色，从我那个位置其实可以尽收眼底，可是梦里感觉往往如此，由于梦幻力量，这番景象显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆气象。群山形状相似，其山脚下均有着同样可爱山沟;但是群山挺然参天，高于阿尔卑斯峰，诸山相距空旷，丰草如茵，林地开阔，错落其间；树篱上白玫瑰娟娟弥望;远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠教堂庭院里，牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱坟场歇息，好几头环绕着一种小孩坟墓。我曾对她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东升前一刻，那孩子死去了，我犹如当年那样望着牛群。英译汉We，thehumanspecies，areconfrontingaplanetaryemergency–athreattothesurvivalofourcivilizationthatisgatheringominousanddestructivepotentialevenaswegatherhere.Butthereishopefulnewsaswell：wehavetheabilitytosolvethiscrisisandavoidtheworst–thoughnotall–ofitsconsequences，ifweactboldly，decisivelyandquickly.However，despiteagrowingnumberofhonorableexceptions，toomanyoftheworld'sleadersarestillbestdescribedinthewordsWinstonChurchillappliedtothosewhoignoredAdolfHitler'sthreat："Theygooninstrangeparadox，decidedonlytobeundecided，resolvedtobeirresolute，adamantfordrift，solidforfluidity，allpowerfultobeimpotent."Sotoday，wedumpedanother70milliontonsofglobal-warmingpollutionintothethinshellofatmospheresurroundingourplanet，asifitwereanopensewer.Andtomorrow，wewilldumpaslightlylargeramount，withthecumulativeconcentrationsnowtrappingmoreandmoreheatfromthesun.参照译文：咱们人类，正面临全球性危机，咱们生存和文明受到威胁。尽管咱们聚在一起共商对策，而劫难却在扩大，形式不容乐观。但也有令人欣喜消息：如果行动大胆坚决，反映迅速，咱们有能力解决这场危机，避免其向最坏方向发展。但是，时下世界上许多国家领导人可以用当年温斯顿•丘吉尔批评欧洲诸政要忽视阿道夫•希特勒名言来形容，“它们在奇怪悖论中前行，仅仅为一种决定而踌躇不决，有了决心却拖泥带水，信心犹疑不定，看法随波逐流，掌权者虚弱无力。”而如今咱们向这个星球脆弱大气层倾倒超过七千万吨温室气体，把其当作天然排污口。明天咱们还会变本加厉，堆积温室气体吸纳了越来越多太阳热度。英译汉But,ashasbeentrueinmanyothercases，whentheywereatlastmarried,themostidealofsituationswasfoundtohavebeenchangedtothemostpractical.insteadofhavingsharedtheiroriginalduties，andasschool–boyswouldsay，goinghalves，theydiscoveredthatthecaresoflifehadbeendoubled.Thisledtosomedistressingmomentsforbothourfriends；theyunderstoodsuddenlythatinsteadofdwellinginheaventheywerestilluponearth,andhadmadethemselvesslavestonewlawsandlimitations.Insteadofbeingfreerandhappierthaneverbefore，theyhadassumednewresponsibilities；theyhadestablishedanewhousehold，andmustfulfillinsomewayoranothertheobligationsofit.Theylookedbackwithaffectiontotheirengagement；theyhadbeenlongingtohaveeachothertothemselves，apartfromtheworld，butitseemedthattheyneverfeltsokeenlythattheywerestillunitsinmodernsociety.参照译文：但是正如其她许多已经发生过事情同样，当她们最后结婚后，发现最憧憬生活变得再实际但是了。她们非但没有分担各自原先责任正如那些学生们所说"一半一半"，相反却发现生活重任加倍了。这使得咱们那两个结婚朋友时常觉得沮丧;她们突然发现自己并没有过着天堂般生活而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上，并且成为了新规则和新约束奴隶。生活并没有比此前更自由、更幸福，由于她们要去承担新责任。既然成立了一种新家庭，那就无论如何也要尽一点家庭义务。她们深情地回忆起订婚那段时光，曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此而忘掉这个世界，然而当前最深切感受却是自己仍是这个世界一份子。英译汉GoodbyeandgoodluckScientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos，themostbasicconstituentsofmatter，andthemiracleoflife.Atthesametime，today，theactions，andinaction，ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet，buttheverylifeoftheplanet.Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller，fasterandricher.Still，9/11，avianflu，andIranremindusthatasmaller，fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge-butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now，whensoundbitesaregettingshorter，wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays，andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorefrenzied，collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.ForallthesereasonsIbelieved-andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday-intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.参照译文：科技进步正在使咱们可以摸索宇宙边陲、物质最基本成分及生命奇迹。与此同步，今天，人类所做及没能做到事情，不但危害到这个星球上生命，也危害到该星球寿命。全球化正在使地球变得愈来愈小、愈来愈快和愈来愈富有。尽管如此，9/11、禽流感及伊朗提示咱们，更小更快世界决不意味着其更安全。咱们正处在一种知识爆炸世界之中，但是，迫切需要智慧。当前，在(新闻采访)原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短，即时信息裁减了杂记文，个人生活变得如痴如狂之际，这个世界还是需要可以深思大学生。考虑到这些理由，我过去信奉，而今天甚至更加强烈地信奉大学独特、无可取代使命。英译汉Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood，toil，tearsandsweat.Wehavebeforeusanordealofthemostgrievouskind.Wehavebeforeusmany，manymonthsofstruggleandsuffering.Youask，whatisouraim?Icananswerinoneword，itisvictory.Victoryatallcostsvictoryinspiteofallterrorsvictory，howeverlongandhardtheroadmaybe，forwithoutvictorythereisnosurvival.Letthatberealized，nosurvivalfortheBritishEmpire，nosurvivalforallthatBritishEmpirehasstoodfor，nosurvivalfortheurge，theimpulseoftheages，thatmankindshallmoreforwardtowardhisgoal.Itakeupmytaskinbuoyancyandhope.Ifeelsurethatourcausewillnotbesufferedtofailamongmen.Ifeelentitledatthisjuncture，atthistime，toclaimtheaidofallandtosay，“Comethen，letusgoforwardtogetherwithourunitedstrength.参照译文：我能奉献唯有热血、辛苦、泪水和汗水。咱们所面临将是一场极为残酷考验，咱们面临将是旷日持久斗争和苦难。你若问咱们目的是什么?我可以用一种词来概括，那就是胜利。不惜一切代价去夺取胜利，不畏惧一切恐怖去夺取胜利，无论前路再长再苦也要多去胜利，由于没有胜利纠无法生存!咱们必要意识到，没有胜利就没有大英帝国，没有胜利就没有大英帝国所象征一切，没有胜利就没有多少世纪以来强烈规定和冲动：人类应当向自己目的迈进。此刻，我精神振奋，满怀信心地承当起自己人物。我确信，只要咱们人们联合，咱们事业就不会挫败。此时此刻千钧一发之际，我觉得我有权规定各方面支持。我要呼吁：“来吧，让咱们群策努力，并肩迈进!”英译汉Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclassesfiction，biography，poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurred(模糊，不明确)anddividedminds(分心)，askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue，ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse，ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering，ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanish(消除)allsuchpreconceptions(偏见、成见)whenweread，thatwouldbeanadmirable(绝妙、极好)beginning.Donotdictate(口述、发号施令)toyourauthor；trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice(同谋、合伙者).Ifyouhangback(迟疑、踌躇不决)，andreserve(保存、储备)andcriticizeatfirst，youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible，thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptible(察觉不到)fineness(优良、出众)，fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences(换行句子)，willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steep(沉浸、潜心、专心)yourselfinthis，acquaint(使熟知)yourselfwiththis，andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou，orattemptingtogiveyou，somethingfarmoredefinite.参照译文：然而很少有人乐意接受书上告诉咱们东西。咱们普通是带着一种不明确不专一目去读书，咱们规定故事是真实，诗歌应当是虚构，传记应当是奉承人，历史则应当是能加深咱们自己偏见。如果咱们读书时候可以屏弃这些成见，那将会是一种绝妙开端。不要试图对作者发号施令，而是要设身处地把作者思路，把自己当作作者合伙伙伴。如果你开始就踌躇不决，不肯接受作者观点，甚至对作者观点评头论足，你就是给自己设立障碍，使自己不也许最大限度地运用课本。然而，如果你尽量敞开心扉，那么文章开头就能给你某些暗示，由此一种与众不同人物形象将跃然呈现于你面前。英译汉Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife，andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears，isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean，asIdomostdays，andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead，uninterrupted，inwhichtowriteafewpages，takeawalkwithmydog，readandlistentomusic，Iamfloodedwithhappiness.I’mlonelyonlywhenIamovertired，whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak，whenfromthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetrip，whenIhaveseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalot，andamfulltothebrim(边沿)withexperiencethatneedstobesortedout(挑选、选取).Thenforalittlewhilethehousefeelshugeandempty，andIwonderwheremyself(本性、本我)ishiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplantsandperhaps，bylookingagainateachone(指代plant植物)asthoughitwereaperson.Ittakesawhile，asIwatchthesurf(水浪)blowingupinfountains(喷泉)，butthemoment(指thelonelymoment)comeswhentheworldsfallsaway，andtheselfemergesagainfromthedeepunconscious(潜意识)，bringingbackallIhaverecentlyexperiencedtobeexploredandslowlyunderstood.参照译文：只有我在非常疲劳时候，在我不断工作了很长时间后来，在我倍感空虚，需要充实时候，我才会感到寂寞。而有时候在我结束巡回演讲回家时候，在讲了诸多话后，并且有太多经历需要整顿时，我也会感到寂寞。于是，有那么一会儿，我感到房子又大又空，我都不懂得我自我又到哪里去了。这时，我必要给植物浇水，并挨个瞅瞅，好像她们是有生命精灵普通，这样我才干慢慢找到我那个自我。很长一段时间，我看着水浪从喷泉中喷涌而出。但只有当世界在我身边逐渐消失，当我再次从我内心深处无意识中冒出来时，带给我近来种种经历，让我探究，让我慢慢领略时，我才会感到寂寞。当我由于持续工作太久而感觉疲劳空虚，需要充实一下时候，我会觉得孤单。有时，我出差做讲座，见诸多人，说诸多话，回来后脑子里诸多东西需要理一理，这时我也会觉得孤单。英译汉Inhisclassicnovel，“ThePioneers”，JamesFennimoreCooperhashishero，alanddeveloper，takehiscousinonatourofthecityheisbuilding.Hedescribesthebroadstreets，rowsofhouses，andateemingmetropolis.Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered.Allsheseesisaforest.“Wherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowme?”sheasks.He’sastonishedshecan’tseethem.“Where！Whyeverywhere,”hereplies.Forthoughttheyarenotyetbuiltonearth，hehasbuilttheminhismind，andtheyareasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.CooperwasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantrait，future-mindedness：theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointofthefuture；thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmoreemotionallyattachedtothingstocome.AsAlbertEinsteinoncesaid，“LifefortheAmericanisalwaysbecoming，neverbeing.”参照译文：在其典型故事《开拓者》中，詹姆士·菲尼摩尔·库珀让主人公，一种土地开发商，带她表妹参观正在由她承建一座都市。她描述了宽阔街道，林立房屋，热闹都市。她表妹环顾四周，大惑不解。她所看见只是一片树林。“你想让我看那些美景和改造了地方在哪儿啊?”她问道。她见表妹看不到那些东西，感到很惊讶。“哪儿?处处都是啊!”她答道。虽然那些东西尚未建成在大地上，但她已在心中将它们建好了。对她来说，它们都是实实在在，宛如已建成竣工同样。库珀这里阐明是一种典型美国人特性：着眼于将来，即可以从将来角度看待当前；可以自由地不为过去所羁绊，而在情感上更多地依附于将来事物。正如阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾经说过那样：“对美国人来说，生活总是在发展变化中，从来不会静止不变。”英译汉Theword“winner”and“loser”havemanymeanings.Whentheyrefertoapersonasawinner，wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeelselose.Tous，awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallybybeingcredible，trustworthy，responsive，andgenie，bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.Winnersdonotdecidetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe；rather，theyarethemselvesandsomuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance，maintainingpretence(伪装)andmanipulating(操纵)others.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving，betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid，betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.参照译文：胜者不会穷其毕生精力，去拘泥于某个她们所想象为人之道;相反，她们会保持其真我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我仁者，她们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡姿态，或去操纵她人。她们深知，在真心关爱和虚情假意之间，在顽固不化和大智若愚之间，在真才实学和装学富五车之间，实质上都存在着天壤之别。成功者无需面具掩藏自我。英译汉PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation，buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.?Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible，asYeatsputit，thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof“Thepleasureoftakingpains”.Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.?Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditb