2023-2024学年北京市海淀区九年级一模考试英语试卷（含解析）

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2023-2024学年北京市海淀区九年级一模考试英语试卷一、单选题：本大题共12小题，共6分。1.Lindaandhersisterarebooklovers.________oftenspendtimereadinginthelibrary.A.She B.They C.We D.You2.—Shallwetakethe7:00bus?—OK.Theconcertstarts________7:30.Wecanmakeitontime.A.in B.on C.at D.to3.—MustIsignupfortheschoolmusicfestivaltoday?—No,you________.Tomorrowisthelastdayforsigningup.A.can't B.shouldn't C.mustn't D.needn't4.Tompracticesbasketballeveryday,andhebecomes________atitthanbefore.A.well B.better C.best D.thebest5.—________isitfromourschooltothespacemuseum?—It'saboutfivekilometers.A.Howsoon B.Howlong C.Howfar D.Howmuch6.Remembertodowarm-upexercisebeforeswimming,________youmaygethurt.A.so B.and C.but D.or7.—Eric,turndownthemusic,please.Yourlittlebrother________.—OK,Mom.I'msorry.A.issleeping B.sleeps C.wassleeping D.slept8.—Lily,whathouseworkdoyouoftendoathome?—I________thedishesafterdinnereveryday.A.do B.did C.willdo D.wasdoing9.—Jim,Icalledyouanhourago,butyoudidn'tpickup.Whatwereyoudoing?—Oh,I________thepicnicplanwithmyparents.A.discuss B.amdiscussing C.discussed D.wasdiscussing10.Lisa________theSummerPalacetwicesinceshecametoBeijing.A.visits B.visited C.hasvisited D.wasvisiting11.Lastyear,agarden________forstudentstogrowvegetablesinourschool.A.started B.wasstarted C.starts D.isstarted12.—Bob,canyoutellme________thescienceclub?—Well,Ireallylikedoingexperiments.A.whyyouwanttojoin B.whydoyouwanttojoin

C.whenyouwanttojoin D.whendoyouwanttojoin二、完形填空：本大题共8小题，共8分。​​​​​​​Inhergrandparents'oldhouse,Mayadiscoveredanoldfamilycalendar,witheachpagefilledoutcarefully.OnJune6,1892:"HelpedMrThompsonrepairhishouse."OnNovember14,1907:"____1____mytimeatanoldpeople'shome."Curious,sheaskedhergrandmotheraboutit."Thatisthetraditionofourfamily,"hergrandmotherexplained."Everyday,forgenerations(世代),wecompleteoneactofkindnessandtakeitdown.Nomatterhow____2____itis."Mayawasinterested."Why?"Hergrandmothersmiled,"It'sabeliefthatthroughcontinuouskindactions,wecancreatealifeof____3____.Everyday,wefindamomentoflightthroughofferinghelptoothers,evenwhentheworldaroundusisdark."Withadmiration,Mayadecidedtokeepthetradition.Everynight,shewouldrecordheractofkindnessfortheday.Astheyearswentby,Maya'sentriesofherkindact____4____,fromcomfortingadistressedstrangeronthebustoorganizingcommunityclean-ups.Oneday,asshesatatacafé,ayoungwomancametoher."AreyouMaya?"Sheaskedpolitely.Mayanodded,feeling____5____.Thewomanwenton,"Yearsago,youtaughtmeforfreewhenmyfamilycouldn'taffordlessons.Becauseofyou,Igraduatedtopofmyclass.Today,I____6____anorganizationprovidinghelpforstudentsfrompoorfamilies."Mayawasmovedandproud.Sherealizedheractionswerecreatingripples(涟漪)inwaysshehadneverimagined.Thecalendarbecameacommunitylegend(传奇).InspiredbyMaya,thetownstarteda"CalendarDay",encouragingeveryonetodogood.WhenMayawasold,sheoftensatwithhergrandchildren,turningthefilledpages."ThiswaswhenyourgrandpaandImet.Ihelpedhimfindhislostdog."Oneday,heroldestgrandchild,Sophie,lookedupfromthecalendar."Iwantto____7____this,Grandma."Mayahandedthecalendarover.Sheknewthetraditionwouldliveon.YearsafterMayapassed,thetownbuiltastatue(雕塑)inherhonor,withthewordsonitsbase:InmemoryofMayaandthegenerationsbeforeherwhobelievedinthepowerofeveryday____8____.13.A.Saved B.Wasted C.Managed D.Volunteered14.A.popular B.small C.unfair D.interesting15.A.freedom B.balance C.purpose D.discovery16.A.grew B.appeared C.remained D.mattered17.A.worried B.relaxed C.excited D.confused18.A.run B.need C.name D.visit19.A.praise B.report C.continue D.remember20.A.changes B.kindness C.happiness D.achievements三、阅读理解：本大题共10小题，共20分。A

"Whycan'tGrandpajustbenormal?Whydoeshetakewaveskiasahobby?It'ssoweird(怪异的),"CarteraskedGrandma.Grandmalaughed."I'vewonderedthatformanyyears."TheyweresittingonthebeachwatchingGrandpaandsomeofhisfriendsintheocean."Noneofmyfriendsevenknowswhatawaveskiis,"Cartercontinued."Justtellthemitˈsalotlikesurfing(冲浪),

buttheriderssitontopofawaveski.Whenthewavescome,theywillridethewavejustlikeasurfer,onlytheypaddletogetouttothewaves.""Nobody'sgrandpadoesthis."Grandmalaughed."Well,whatshouldhebedoinginstead?""Idon'tknow.Maybethingsthatoldpeopledo.""Look!Abigwaveiscomingin!"Grandmapointedtotheocean.CartersawGrandpainfrontofhisfriends.Hewasleaning(倾斜)forwardandpaddlinghard,justaheadofthelargeincomingwave.CarterwassurprisedathowhardGrandpawaspaddlingandhowfasthewasmoving.Justthen,anotherhugewavecame.Carterjumpedtohisfeetandheldhisbreath.Thiswasnotgood.Whatifsomethingbadhappened?Asthewavedrewnear,Grandpapaddledharder.Hewassuddenlyliftedbythewaterandstoppedpaddling.Heleanedtowardthewave,changingthedirectionofthewaveski.Now,hewasridingthewave,movingfast.Carterwasamazed.Grandpawastotallyincontrol.Carternowrealizedhisgrandpawasn'tweirdatall.Hewasamazing.Absolutelyamazing!"GoGrandpa!"Cartershouted,eventhoughheknewGrandpacouldn'thearhim.Whenthewavewasgone,GrandpaturnedtowardthebeachandwavedtoCarterandGrandma.Helookedsohappy.Carterwavedback.Hewasnˈtsurewhy,buthehadtearsinhiseyes.Hequicklydriedthemandthenwavedagain."DoyouthinkIcanbetheoneridingwaveslikehim?""Ofcourse,"Grandmasaid.

21.CarterthoughthisgrandpawasweirdbecauseGrandpa________.A.hadaspecialhobby B.dislikedbeingwithhisfriends

C.seldomplayedwithhim D.spenthourssittingonthebeach22.Cartercametounderstandhisgrandpawhen________.A.helearnedfromGrandmawhatwaveskiwas

B.hesawGrandpapaddlingaheadofthewave

C.Grandpawasridingthewaveandmovingfast

D.Grandpaturnedtowardthebeachandwavedtohim23.AftertalkingwithGrandma,Carterwouldprobably________.A.buyanewwaveskiforGrandpa

B.sharehisownhobbywithGrandma

C.encourageGrandmatotrywaveski

D.askGrandpatoteachhimtowaveskiB

Meditationisonekindofexerciseincontrollingattention.Meditatorsusesomepractices,likekeepingfocusonbreathing,tostrengthentheabilitytotakecontroloverwhattheirmindsaredoing.Whilemeditatorshavelongexperienceditsbenefits,scienceonlyrecentlydiscoveredthatthementaleffortofmeditationisgoodexerciseforthebrain.

Meditationhasmuchtodowithcognition,atermtodescribethethoughtprocessesinsideourheads(likefocusing,makingdecisions,andremembering)thatallowustounderstandtheworld.Meditatorsarereallygoodatusingseveralcognitiveabilitiestostayfocused.Whentheylearnthattheirmindswander(走神),theyquicklybringtheirattentionback,whichislikedoingamentalpush-up.Allthesementalpush-upsendupstrengtheningtheirabilitytochangetheirthoughtsbasedonwhattheyaredoingrightnow,likechangingfromdoingmathtoreadingwhentheygotodifferentclasses.Groupsofbrainareasthatcommunicatearecalledbrainnetworks,andthehealthofthebraindependsontheabilityofbrainnetworkstocommunicatewell.Sciencehasshownthatmeditationcanimprovesustainedattention,whichishowwellapersoncankeeptheirattentiononsomethinghardforalongtime.Scientistscanmeasureimprovementsinsustainedattentionbylookingforincreasesincertainbrainwaves,usingEEG(脑电图).Itprovesthatmeditationcanmakethebrainareasinvolvedinattentioncommunicatewitheachothermoreeasily.Meditationcanevenchangethewaythatmeditators'brainnetworkscommunicate,bybringingnew,helpfulbrainareasintotheconversationorgettingridofabrainareathatistooloudanddistracting(分心的).Asaresult,meditatorsgetbetteratfocusingtheirattentionawayfromnegativethoughtsandfeelingsandputtingthemselvesintoagoodmood.Thesechangestakealongtimeandalotofwork.Peopleneedtomakemeditationahabitandguidancefromateachercanbehelpful.Yet,noteveryonecanaffordapersonalteacher.That'swheretechnologystepsin.Scientistshavemadeappsthatprovidetipsandhelppeoplemeditateattheirownlevels.Whilesomedigitalmeditationappshavebeencarefullystudiedbyscientists,someneedtobetested.So,itisimportanttobecarefulatfirstaboutwhetheranappreallyworks.24.Accordingtothepassage,whenpeoplemeditate,they________.A.trytocontroltheirfocus

B.focusonwhatgoesaround

C.makeimportantdecisions

D.developtheabilitytocommunicate25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Meditatorsendtheirpracticewhentheirmindswander.

B.Meditationmakesitpossibleforpeopletohavehappiermoods.

C.Certainbrainwavesdecreasewhensustainedattentionimproves.

D.Digitalmeditationappsworkbetterthanpersonalmeditationteachers.26.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howdoesmeditationbenefitthebrain?

B.Howdopeoplemakemeditationahabit?

C.Howdoestechnologyimprovemeditation?

D.Howdomeditalorsbettertheirmentalhealth?C

EverytimeIlookatthemanyrecentordersonmyonlineshoppingaccount,orIreceiveanewpackageonmydoorstep,Igetafeelingofhappinessthatishardtogiveup.AlthoughIknowthatmyshoppinghabitsarebadfortheplanet,Ijustcan'tstop.ButAnn-ChristineDuhaime'snewbook,MindingtheClimate:HowNeuroscienceCanHelpSolveOurEnvironmentalCrisis,hashelpedmeunderstandthatmydesire(渴望)tokeepbuyingthingsisn'tnecessarilyapersonalweakness—it'sthewayourbrainshavedeveloped.AccordingtoDuhaime,wemanagedtostayaliveevenwhenthingswerehardbecauseourbrainslearnedtorepeatdecisionslikemovingtowardsatastytreatorbackingawayfromdanger.Today,wehavesome86billionneurons(神经元)inthebraincontinuouslyworkingtostrengthenrewardingbehavior—akindofactionthatresultsinapositiveoutcome,whichmakesapersonwanttodoitagain.Astheneuronswork,theyproducedopamine(多巴胺),whichmakesourrewardingbehaviorfeelevenbetterthanusual.Weactivelylookformoredopamine,andatthesametime,learntorepeattheactionsthatleadtoit.However,Duhaimestressesthatourbrainsarenotprogrammedtokeepbuyingmoreandmore.Allhumansaredifferent,andourbrainsworkdifferentlydependingonourgenetics(遗传性)andourlifeexperiences.Thechallengeisthatourbrainsystemsaredesignedforshort-termdecision-making.Whenwebuysomethingnew,wegetrewardedimmediately.Butthelong-termworseningoftheplanetisharderfortherewardcentersofourbrainstounderstand,evenifweknowaboutit.Andtheremaybesomewaystobreakthecycle.Thebestisnottostopbuyingthingscompletely;abettersolutionmaybetosubstitutetheoldrewardsthatweknowaren'tgoodinthelongrunwithnewones.Forexample,youcanhaveaglassofmilk,whichgivesyoufewercalories,insteadofeatingchocolatejustbeforebedforcomfort.Onceyoustartlosingweight,therewardofbeingabletofitintoyouroldclothesfeelsasgoodaswhatthechocolatewoulddo.Weneedthatsamesubstitutionforshopping.Buyingusedthingscouldalsohelpsatisfyourdesiretogetmorethingswithoutusingmorenaturalresources.Additionally,creatingsocialrewards,likeencouragementandsupportfromacommunitywithsimilargoals,caninspirepositivechanges.Humansnaturallyliketoconnectwithothers,andthissocialsupportcanleadtomoreeco-friendlychoices.27.Whatdoyouknowabouthumanbrainsfromthepassage?A.Thewaybrainsworkwon'tbeinfluencedbylifeexperiences.

B.Neuronsplayaroleinpeople'srepeatingrewardingbehavior.

C.Lessdopamineisproducedwhenpeoplegetpositiveoutcomes.

D.Brainsdon'tcareabouttheshort-termeffectsofpeople'sactions.28.Theword"substitute"inParagraph5probablymeans"________".A.taketheplaceof B.lookforwardto

C.getreadyfor D.makeupfor29.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat________.A.over-shoppingharmsthedevelopmentofthehumanbrain

B.keepingbuyinggetsinthewayofpeoplefindinghappiness

C.theplanetisfreefromtheinfluenceofpeople'sbuyingbehavior

D.creatingsocialrewardscanhelppeoplereducethedesiretoover-shop30.Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainwhyover-shoppingisnotapersonalweakness.

B.Toshowhowdopaminemakespeoplecrazyaboutshopping.

C.Toguidepeopletomakeeco-friendlychoiceswhenshopping.

D.Toencouragepeopletobuyusedthingstoprotecttheenvironment.四、任务型阅读-简答：本大题共1小题，共10分。31.

Innerpainting,akindoftraditionalChineseart,ismarkedasanational-levelintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产).Innerpaintingartiststraditionallycreateworksontheinnersurfaceoftheglassbottlebyusingspecialfinebrushesthatcanenterthetinybottles.Ithasalonghistoryandismainlydividedintofourmajorschools:Beijing,Hebei,Shandong,andGuangdong.Whenwelookattheinnerpaintingofanobject,weexperienceanindescribablebeauty.Patternsonthepaintingoftensymbolizepeople'swishesforgoodluckandahappylife.Themostmarketableonesarelandscapes(风景),followedbyflowersandbirds.Theproductionofinnerpaintingisdifficultbecauseitrequireshighprecision(精确)andtheprocessofpaintingistotallyreversed(反向的).Duringpainting,thereisnoroomforcorrections.Andashakyhandleadstomistakes.Onlythoseskilledandconfidentintheirabilitiescanpaintwell.Mostartistsneedtolearninnerpaintingforyearsbeforecreatinggreatandfinepieces.Eveniftheyalreadyknowhowtopaint,theyneedtopracticedrawinglinesfromthebeginningwhentheystartinner

painting.Innerpaintinghasitsadvantagesduetoitsuniqueness(独特性),butitalsofaceschallengessuchaslimitedmarketneeds,andashortageoflearnersandtalentedartiststodriveitsdevelopment.Luckily,today'sartistsaretryingtomakeinnerpaintingmoreincludedinourlives.Itisnowusedoneverydayobjects,liketeasetsandfoldingscreens.Oneoftheartistsinventedanewtypeofbrush,whichimprovedthespeedofdrawing.Someyoungartistsaremakinguseofsocialmediatohelpmorepeoplelearnaboutinnerpaintingskills.Lookingaheadtothefuture,theinnerpaintingartistswishthearttobemoreavailabletothepublic,andwinhighmarketacceptance.Theyalsohopeinnerpaintingcoursescanbeofferedatschoolforyoungpeopletotake.(1)Wheredoinnerpaintingartiststraditionallycreatetheirworks?__________________________________________________________________(2)Whatdopatternsontheinnerpaintingoftensymbolize?__________________________________________________________________(3)Howaresomeyoungartistshelpingmorepeoplelearnaboutinnerpaintingskills?__________________________________________________________________(4)Ifyourschooloffersaninnerpaintingcourse,wouldyouliketotakeitornot?Why?(Pleasegivetworeasons.)__________________________________________________________________五、信息匹配：本大题共3小题，共6分。WeekendActivitiesAEnjoyaNightofSingingPlanapartyandsingyourfavoritesongswithfriendsorfamily.Pickcatchysongs,designsomegames,taketurnstosing,andhavefuncreateacomfortableenvironmentwithsnacksandlaughterforamemorableevening.BHaveaYardSaleTidyupyourhomeandplanayardsale.Choosethingsyoudon'tneed—likeoldbooks,clothesandtoys.Clean,organize,andpricethem.Youcanevenadvertisethesaleonlineorwithposters.Afterthesalewhynotdonatethemoneytocharities?CCollectLeavesforArtworksTakeawalkinalocalparkandcollectfallenleaves.Whenyougethome,createartworkswithleavesofdifferentcolorsandshapesasyoulike.Youcancut,paint,orstickthem.Getpreparedtobeamazedatyourownwork.DBringaMealtoNeighborsCooksomedeliciousdishes,andpackthemnicely.Takethemtovisityourneighborsorsurprisethembyleavingthedishesattheirdoorstepswithakindnote.It'sagreatwaytostrengthentherelationshipwithyourneighbors.____1____

Ienjoypaintingandcreatingworksofartwithvariousmaterials.____2____IjustfinishedmiddleschoolandIdon'tknowwhattodowiththethingsInolongeruse.____3____

I'verecentlymovedintoanewneighborhoodandIˈdliketomeetmyneighbors.32.A.A B.B C.C D.D33.A.A B.B C.C D.D34.A.A B.B C.C D.D六、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共10分。35.假设你是李华。你的好朋友Peter正在参与筹备他们学校的“校园劳动日”活动，他写信向你征求创意。请你用英语给他写一封回信，提供一些活动创意并说明理由。提示词语：cleanup,repair,garden,fun,responsibility提示问题：●Whatactivitieswouldyouliketosuggest?

●Whydoyousuggestso?DearPeter,I'mexcitedtohearthatyouˈreorganizingactivitiesforSchoolServiceDay.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Idohopethatmysuggestionswillbehelpful.Yours,LiHua36.假设你是李华。某英文网站正在开展以“学以致用”为主题的征文活动。请用英语写一篇短文投稿，分享一次你运用所学解决实际问题的经历，并谈谈你的收获。提示词语：skill,makeuseof,connect,improve,meaningful提示问题：●Whatexperiencecanyoushareaboutputtingwhatyou'velearnedintopractice?●Whathaveyoulearnedfromit?It'simportanttoputwhatwe'velearnedintopractice._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案和解析1.【答案】B【解析】句意：琳达和她的姐姐都是书迷。她们经常在图书馆看书。She她；They她/他/它们；We我们；You你，你们。根据Lindaandhersister可知，此处指代琳达与她的姐姐两人，应用第三人称的复数they指代。故选B。2.【答案】C【解析】句意：——我们乘7点的公共汽车好吗？——好的。音乐会在7:30开始。我们可以准时到达。in用于表示较长的时间，如年份、月份、季节、世纪等；on用于表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上等；at用于表示具体的时刻或几点几分；to朝，向。由于空格后是7:30，所以要用at。故选C。3.【答案】D【解析】句意：——我今天必须报名参加学校音乐节吗？——不，你不需要。明天是报名的最后一天。can't不能；shouldn't不应该；mustn't禁止；needn't不需要。根据No可知，此处作否定回答。回答以Must引导的一般疑问句，否定回答用needn't或don'thaveto。故选D。4.【答案】B【解析】句意：汤姆每天练习篮球，他比以前打得更好了。well好地（副词）；better更好（比较级）；best最好（最高级）；thebest最好（最高级）。根据than可知，空格处应用比较级。故选B。5.【答案】C【解析】句意：——从我们学校到太空博物馆有多远？——大约五公里。Howsoon询问“多久之后”，通常用于将来时态，回答一般用“in+一段时间”；Howlong询问“多长时间”，既可以询问时间段，也可以询问物体的长度；Howfar询问“多远”，表示距离；Howmuch询问“多少”，可以询问数量、价格等。根据It'saboutfivekilometers.可知，此处对距离提问，疑问词应用Howfar“多远”。故选C。6.【答案】D【解析】句意：游泳前记得做热身运动，否则你可能会受伤。so“所以”，表示因果关系；and“和，并且”，连接两个并列的成分或句子，表示并列关系；but“但是”，表示转折关系；or“或者，否则”，表示选择关系或否定的结果。分析可知，此处用“祈使句+or+简单句”表示结果，其中or表示“否则”。故选D。7.【答案】A【解析】句意：——埃里克，请把音乐声关小点。你弟弟在睡觉。——好的，妈妈。我很抱歉。根据Eric,turndownthemusic,please.可知，此处指弟弟正在睡觉，用现在进行时。故选A。8.【答案】A【解析】句意：——莉莉，你在家经常做什么家务？——我每天晚饭后洗碗。根据everyday可知，此处表示每天都会洗碗，应用一般现在时。故选A。9.【答案】D【解析】句意：——吉姆，我一小时前给你打过电话，但你没接，你在做什么？——噢，我当时正在和我父母讨论野餐计划。根据Whatwereyoudoing?可知，此处表示过去某一刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时，谓语动词的构成为was/weredoing。故选D。10.【答案】C【解析】句意：自从丽莎来北京后，她已经参观颐和园两次了。根据sinceshecametoBeijing可知，该句为since引导的时间状语从句，主句应用现在完成时，谓语结构为have/has+过去分词。故选C。11.【答案】B【解析】句意：去年，我们在学校开辟了一个菜园，供学生种植蔬菜。根据agarden...forstudents可知，主语garden“菜园”与动词start“开辟”为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；结合Lastyear可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词的构成为was/were+过去分词。故选B。12.【答案】A【解析】句意：——鲍勃，你能告诉我你为什么想加入科学俱乐部吗？——嗯，我真的很喜欢做实验。根据canyoutellme...thescienceclub可知，句子是宾语从句，从句用陈述句语序，排除B、D选项；结合答语Ireallylikedoingexperiments.可知，问句是问原因，用why引导宾语从句。故选A。13~20.【答案】D、B、A、A、D、A、C、B【解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲述了玛雅和她家族的一个传统，通过具体的事例展现了善良的传承和意义。

1.

句意：1907年11月14日：“在一家养老院做志愿者。”Saved节省；Wasted浪费；Managed管理；Volunteered志愿。根据句意可知，此处表示在养老院做志愿者。故选D。2.

句意：不管它有多小。popular受欢迎的；small小的；unfair不公平的；interesting有趣的。根据Everyday,forgenerations(世代),wecompleteoneactofkindnessandtakeitdown.（世世代代，每一天，我们都完成一项善举并把它记录下来。）可知，空处应表达不管这件事有多小。故选B。3.

句意：这是一种信念，即通过持续的善意行为，我们可以创造一种自由的生活。freedom自由；balance平衡；purpose目的；discovery发现。根据下文Everyday,wefindamomentoflightthroughofferinghelptoothers,evenwhentheworldaroundusisdark.（每一天，即使当我们周围的世界是黑暗的，我们也能通过帮助他人找到片刻的光明。）可知，我们帮助别人从黑暗中找到光明，应是创造了一种自由的生活。故选A。4.

句意：随着时间的推移，玛雅参加的善举越来越多，从在公交车上安慰一个痛苦的陌生人到组织社区清理。grew逐渐变得；appeared出现；remained仍然；mattered关系。根据fromcomfortingadistressedstrangeronthebustoorganizingcommunityclean-ups（从在公交车上安慰一个痛苦的陌生人到组织社区清理）可知，此处应表达善举越来越多。故选A。5.

句意：玛雅点了点头，感到困惑。worried担心的；relaxed放松的；excited兴奋的；confused困惑的。根据上文Oneday,asshesatatacafé,ayoungwomancametoher."AreyouMaya?"（一天，当她坐在咖啡馆里时，一位年轻女子走向她。“你是玛雅吗？”）可知，有陌生人喊出她的名字她应该是感到困惑。故选D。6.

句意：现今，我经营着一个组织，为那些来自贫困家庭的学生提供帮助。run经营；need需要；name命名；visit参观。根据句意可知，此处指经营了一个为贫困学生提供帮助的组织。故选A。7.

句意：“我想继续做下去，奶奶。”praise表扬；report汇报；continue继续；remember记住。根据Mayahandedthecalendarover.Sheknewthetraditionwouldliveon.（玛雅把日历递了过去。她知道这个传统会延续下去。）可知，应表达她想继续干这件事。故选C。8.

句意：玛雅去世多年后，该镇为纪念她建造了一座雕像，基座上写着：为了深切缅怀玛雅以及在她之前的那些世代，他们坚信着日常善举的力量。changes改变；kindness善良；happiness幸福；achievements成就。根据第四段Everyday,forgenerations(世代),wecompleteoneactofkindnessandtakeitdown.（世世代代，每一天，我们都完成一项善举并把它记录下来。）可知，此处应表达相信日常善举的力量。故选B。21~23.【答案】A、C、D【解析】【文章大意】文章主要讲述了卡特一开始不理解爷爷把滑浪板作为爱好，觉得很怪异，但后来看到爷爷在海浪中娴熟地驾驭滑浪板，他才意识到爷爷其实很了不起，最后卡特对爷爷的态度发生了转变，并希望自己也能像爷爷一样。文章表达了对爷爷独特爱好的理解和对他的敬佩之情。

1.

根据第一段"Whycan'tGrandpajustbenormal?Whydoeshetakewaveskiasahobby?It'ssoweird(怪异的),"CarteraskedGrandma.（“为什么爷爷不能正常一点呢？为什么他把冲浪板当爱好？这太奇怪了。”卡特问奶奶。）可知，卡特觉得爷爷很怪异是因为爷爷有一个特殊的爱好。故选A。2.

根据第十一段Now,hewasridingthewave,movingfast.Carterwasamazed.Grandpawastotallyincontrol.（现在，他正在驾驭海浪，快速移动。卡特惊呆了。爷爷完全掌控着局面。）和第十二段Carternowrealizedhisgrandpawasn'tweirdatall.Hewasamazing.Absolutelyamazing!（卡特现在意识到他的爷爷一点也不奇怪。他太了不起了。绝对了不起！）可推知，当爷爷乘风破浪快速前进时，卡特开始理解他的爷爷。故选C。3.

根据倒数第二段"DoyouthinkIcanbetheoneridingwaveslikehim?"（“你觉得我能像他一样驾驭海浪吗？”）可知，卡特问奶奶他是否能像爷爷那样乘风破浪。由此推知，卡特可能会要爷爷教他冲浪这项运动。故选D。24~26.【答案】A、B、A【解析】【文章大意】文章主要讲述了冥想是如何控制注意力的，以及冥想对认知能力的影响，包括让冥想者更好地集中注意力、改变思维、增强大脑网络的沟通能力等。同时还提到了冥想需要长期坚持和努力，科技可以提供帮助，但要谨慎选择数字冥想应用程序。

1.

根据第一段Meditatorsarereallygoodatusingseveralcognitiveabilitiestostayfocused.（冥想者非常擅长运用多种认知能力来保持专注。）可知，当人们冥想时，他们试图控制自己的注意力。故选A。2.

根据第三段Asaresult,meditatorsgetbetteratfocusingtheirattentionawayfromnegativethoughtsandfeelingsandputtingthemselvesintoagoodmood.（这样，冥想者能够更好地将注意力从消极的思想和感受上转移开，并让自己处于良好的情绪状态。）可知，冥想可以让人们有更快乐的心情。故选B。3.

通读全文，尤其根据第一段Whilemeditatorshavelongexperienceditsbenefits,scienceonlyrecentlydiscoveredthatthementaleffortofmeditationisgoodexerciseforthebrain.（尽管冥想者长期以来都体验到了其益处，但科学只是在最近才发现冥想这种心智努力对大脑是很好的锻炼。）以及第三段Meditationcanevenchangethewaythatmeditatorsˈbrainnetworkscommunicate,bybringingnew,helpfulbrainareasintotheconversationorgettingridofabrainareathatistooloudanddistracting(分心的).（冥想甚至可以改变冥想者大脑网络的沟通方式，通过引入新的、有益的大脑区域参与对话，或者去除过于嘈杂且分散注意力的大脑区域。）可知，文章主要介绍了冥想对大脑有什么好处。故选A。27~30.【答案】B、A、D、C【解析】【文章大意】本文主要分析了人们过度购物的科学原理，并说明人们可以通过利用这种原理来改变购物习惯。

1.

根据第三段Today,wehavesome86billionneurons(神经元)inthebraincontinuouslyworkingtostrengthenrewardingbehavior—akindofactionthatresultsinapositiveoutcome,whichmakesapersonwanttodoitagain.（如今，我们的大脑中有大约860亿个神经元在持续工作，以强化有益行为——这种行为能带来积极结果，让人想再次这样做。）可知，我们大脑中约有860亿个神经元不断努力加强奖励行为，这使得人们会想要重复受到奖励的行为。由此推知，神经元在人们重复奖励行为中发挥着作用。故选B。2.

根据第五段Forexample,youcanhaveaglassofmilk,whichgivesyoufewercalories,insteadofeatingchocolatejustbeforebedforcomfort.（比如，你可以喝一杯牛奶，它的卡路里更少，而不是在睡前为了舒适而吃巧克力。）可知，此处列举了一个例子：在睡前用喝牛奶来代替吃巧克力。由此猜测，substitute意为taketheplaceof“代替”。故选A。3.

根据最后一段Additionally,creatingsocialrewards,likeencouragementandsupportfromacommunitywithsimilargoals,caninspirepositivechanges.（此外，创造社会奖励，比如来自有相似目标的社区的鼓励和支持，能激发积极的变化。）可知，创造社会奖励可以激发积极的变化。由此推测，作者可能会赞同创造社会奖励可以帮助人们减少过度购物的欲望。故选D。4.

根据第二段MindingtheClimate:HowNeuroscienceCanHelpSolveOurEnvironmentalCrisis（《关注气候：神经科学如何帮助解决我们的环境危机》），第四段However,Duhaimestressesthatourbrainsarenotprogrammedtokeepbuyingmoreandmore.（然而，杜海姆强调，我们的大脑并非被编程为持续不断地购买更多东西。），第五段Thebestisnottostopbuyingthingscompletely;abettersolutionmaybetosubstitutetheoldrewardsthatweknowaren'tgoodinthelongrunwithnewones.（最好的做法不是完全停止购买东西；一个更好的解决方案可能是用新的奖励来替代我们知道从长远看不好的旧奖励。）和最后一段Buyingusedthingscouldalsohelpsatisfyourdesiretogetmorethingswithoutusingmorenaturalresources...Humansnaturallyliketoconnectwithothers,andthissocialsupportcanleadtomoreeco-friendlychoices.（购买二手物品也能帮助满足我们获取更多东西而不使用更多自然资源的欲望。此外，创造社会奖励，比如来自有相似目标的社区的鼓励和支持，能激发积极的变化。人类自然喜欢与他人联系，这种社会支持能带来更环保的选择。）可知，文中反复提到了神经元、购物和环境保护之间的关系，我们可以采用更环保的方式来代替购物促使神经元分泌多巴胺，或者购买二手货物来满足我们的购物欲望。由此推测，作者的写作目的是引导人们在购物时做出环保的选择。故选C。31.【答案】【小题1】Theycreateworksontheinnersurfaceoftheglassbottle.【小题2】Theysymbolizepeople'swishesforgoodluckandahappylife.【小题3】Bymakinguseofsocialmedia.【小题4】I'dlovetotakeit.BecauseinnerpaintingisakindoftraditionalChineseartandpatternsonthepaintingoftensymbolizepeople'swishesforgoodluckandahappylife.【解析】1.

【文章大意】本文主要介绍了内画这一传统艺术，包括它的历史、流派、特点、制作难度、面临的挑战以及当下艺术家为推动其发展所做的努力，同时表达了对其未来发展的期望。根据第一段Innerpaintingartiststraditionallycreateworksontheinnersurfaceoftheglassbottlebyusingspecialfinebrushesthatcanenterthetinybottles.（在传统上，内画艺术家使用能够进入小瓶的特殊细刷，在玻璃瓶的内表面创作作品。）可知，内画艺术家