雕刻机毕业设计方案外文文献翻译

附录1外文翻译-原文部分DXFFileIdentificationwithC#forCNCEngravingMachineSystemHuibinYang,JuanYanAbstractThispaperresearchesthemaintechnologyofopenCNCengravingmachine,theDXFidentificationtechnology.Agraphicinformationextractionmethodisproposed.Bythismethod,thegraphicinformationinDXFfilecanbeidentifiedandtransformedintobottommotioncontroller’scode.Sotheengravingmachinecanachievetrajectorytracking.ThentheopenCNCengravingmachinesystemisdevelopedwithC#.Atlast,themethodisvalidatedonathreeaxesmotionexperimentplatform.Theresultshowsthatthismethodcanefficientlyidentifythegraphicinformationincludingline,circle,arcetc.inDXFfileandtheCNCengravingmachinecanbecontrolledwell.KeywordsDXF,CNCEngravingMachine,GALIL,C#IntroductionWiththedevelopmentofpatternrecognitiontechniques,modernCNCengravingmachineneedn’tbeprogrammedmanually.Byimportinggraphicsfile,thecorrespondingshapewillbeengravedbythemachineimmediately.Theoperatingprocessofthemachineissimplifiedenormously,andtherichprogrammingknowledgeisnolongerneedforoperators.Amongthem,DXFidentificationisakeytechnologyofCNCengravingmachine.ByreadingandrecognitionoftheDXFfile,themachiningtrackcanbedirectlygenerated,sothemotioncontroloftheCNCengravingmachinecanbeachieved.2.ResearchStatusResearchershavedonealotofresearchesonhowtocontactCADsoftwaretoNCcode.OmirouandBarouniproposedaseriesofmachinecodes,withwhichtheadvancedprogrammingabilityisintegratedintothecontrolofmodernCNCmillingmachinesystem[1].KovacicandBrezocnikproposedtheconceptofwhichusingthegeneticalgorithmtoprogramtheCNCmachinebasedontheCADmodelundermanufacturingenvironment[2].ButsomeproblemsarestillexistedinthiskindofCNCprogramming(suchastheartificialparticipationdegreeishigherandtheefficiencyislower).TheresearchdirectionofChineseresearchersmainlyincludestwoaspects.OneisthetheoreticalstudyofDXFfileandNCmachining,theotheristheapplicationofDXFfilereading.ZhaiRuiandZhangLiangproposedaprogramstructure,whichisusedtoreaddatainformationofDXFfileanddosomepreprocessbasedonthecrossplatformopensourcelibraryDXFLibbytheanalysisofDXFfilestructurecharacteristic[3].HuangJieqiongandYuanQunwrotetheinterfaceprogramtoreadthestoredpartsgraphicinformationinDXFfilebyuseoftheobject-orientedsecondarydevelopmenttools,ObjectARXandC++,intheresearchofstampingpartsmachining.Thestampingpartsgeometricmodelisautomaticallycreatedbytheautomaticgenerationalgorithmofclosedcontour[4].3.DXFFileandGraphicInformationExtraction3.1.DXFFileDXF(DrawingExchangeFile)isarepresentationofallinformationlabeleddatacontainedintheAutoCADgraphicsfile,andtheASCIIorbinaryfileformatofAutoCADfile.Itcanbeusedasinput/outputinterfaceandgraphicsfileexchangebetweenAutoCADandothergraphicsapplications[5].AcompleteDXFfileiscomposedofsixsegmentscalledSECTION.ThesesegmentswereHEADER,CLASSES,TABLES,BLOCKS,ENTITIESandfileendingcharacter(groupcodeis0,groupvalueisEOF)3.2.GraphicInformationExtractionMethodInordertoextractusefulinformationofthegraphic,manypartsinthefilecanbeignored.ThecorrespondinggeometricdescriptioncanbecompletedaslongasthesectionsofTABLES,BLOCK,ENTITIESareobtained.EachgraphicelementintheDXFfilearestoredwithafixedformat,soitisconvenientfordataexchange,andalsocalleditsreadability.ThecharacteristicsofeachindividualgraphicelementinDXFfileisdescribedbytheparameter(group)consistedbypairedgroupcodeandgroupvalue.Therefore,accordingtothetargetofopenCNCengravingmachine,itisenoughtodescribethetargetgeometrycontourbyreadingtheENTITIESsectioninDXFfilesonly.Theparticularidentificationprocessis:FirstsearchtheDXFfileuntilthe“ENTITLES”isfound,thenbuildagraphicelementobject.Thensearchthegraphicelementtype(LINE,CIRCLE,ARC),andsearchthecorrespondingvaluefollowedbythegroupcode.Forexample,iftheprogramhasfoundtheENTITLESsectionandconfirmthefirstgraphicelementisLINE(Theprogramfound“LINE”after“ENTITLES”).Thenitwillsearchthegroupcodewhichrepresentstheparametersoftheline.Thenumberatthenextlineafterthegroupcodeisthevalueoftheparameter.(e.g.Thenumberatthenextlineafter“10”representtheXvalueofstartpointofthisline,and“20”forYvalueofstartpoint,“11”forXvalueofendpoint,“21”forYvalueofendpoint,etc.).Table1showsanexampleofanENTITIESsection.Table1showsanexampleofanENTITIESsection.Bygettingtheseparametersandvalues,systemthen“sees”thegraphand“knows”thespecificparametersofthegraphwhichisdrewbyAutoCAD.Figure1istheflowdiagramofextractionofgraphicinformation.Table1showsanexampleofanENTITIESsection.3.3.C#RealizationofGraphicInformationExtractionInordertostorethegraphdata,theconvenientmethodistostorenumericvariablesbyusingarray,anditisalsoveryconvenientforcallandassignmentoperation.Firstdefinea2Darray:s[i,j](i<=100,j<=20),definea100linesand20lowsarrayatinitialization,inwhich,everylineistoresagraphicelement,everyelementjinalinestandsforthevalueafterthegroupcode.TheformatandmeaningareshowninTable2Then,thegraphicelementstoragestateiss[i,0],s[i,1],⋅⋅⋅,s[i,15](I=0,1,2,⋅⋅⋅).Theadvantageofthisdesignis:Foreachgraphicelement,allthegeometricelementsassociatedwiththetrajectorycanbestoredinanarrayvariablespacewhichhasafixedserialnumber.Itisconvenientandnoteasytomakemistakesinthecalculationorlogicaljudgment.Buttoanyentiregraphicstrajectory,thenumberoflinesorcurvesisnotconsistent,soitisimportanttoapplyforenoughvariablememoryspacetoadapttodifferentrequirementsofgraphicstrajectory.PartoftheC#programofreadingarcgraphicelementinDXFareasfollows：do{Line=mysr.ReadLine();if(Line==“ENTITIES”){……if(Line==“10”){Line=mysr.ReadLine();stringm;m=Line;doublen;n=Convert.ToDouble(m);s[i,j]=n;j++;}……}while(Line!=null)4.GraphicsTrajectoryGenerationToopenCNCengravingmachine,thekeypointishowtoconvertthegraphicelementinformationinDXFfileintomotioncontrollercode,soastocontrolthemachine’smotionaccordingtothemachiningtrajectory.4.1.DXFAnalysisPrincipleTheso-calledDXFanalysisisthestandardizationofeachgraphicelementwhichhasbeenreadinordertoaccordingwiththestandardinstructionsofmotioncontroller.Consideringthebasictypeofgraphicelementisline,circleorarc,thestandardizationrequirementsofdifferentgraphicelementtypearedifferent.Thespecificprinciplesareasfollows:1)LINELinehasonlystartandendpointcoordinate.theactualusefulmemoryspaceiss[i,0],s[i,1],…,s[i,6],otherpartsareallzero.2)ARCAstheformatofarcintheDXFisincludethecentercoordinatesvalue,radius,startangleandendangle.Sothecentercoordinatesvalue,radius,startangleandendanglecanberecognizedandstoredins[i,7],s[i,8],…,s[i,12].ButfortheGALILDMC2143motioncontrollerwhichisusedintheopenCNCengravingmachine,thearcinstructionrequiresstartandendpointcoordinateandrotationangleofthearc.So,theanalysisofarcincludestwoaspects:a)Calculatethestartandendpointcoordinate.b)Calculatetherotationangleandstoreins[i,15].3)CIRCLEBecausetherotationangleofcircleis360˚,itcanbesetasafixedvalue.Forthesakeofconvenience,thestartingpositionofcircleissettotheleftorrightquadrantalpoints.4.2.DXFAnalysisMethodAccordingto3.1,thedifficultyofgraphicelementanalysisisarc.AlthoughtheinformationinDXFfilecanconfirmgeometryfeature,forthetracksequencing,thestartandendpointcoordinatesareneeded;andforthemotioncontrollerprograms,italsoneedtochangetheformatfordirectconnection.Byfourelementsofcenter,radius,startangleandendangleaswellassimpletrigonometricfunctioncalculation,thestartandendpointpositionaswellastherotationangleofthearccanbedetermined.Forexample,ifcenterofthearciso(x0,y0),radiusisr,startangleisθ(0<θ<90˚)andendangleisδ(0<θ<90˚),accordingtotheparametricequationofthecircle,thestartpointa(x1,y1),endpointb(x2,y2),androtationangleεcanbecalculatedusingEquation(1)toEquation(3):5.DevelopmentofOpenCNCEngravingMachineSystemThehardwareoftheopenCNCengravingmachinesystemincludesamotioncontrollerandanuppercomputer(PC).Thereal-timecontroloftheCNCengravingmachinebodyisdonebythemotioncontroller.ThemaintaskofthemotioncontrollerisservomotorcontrolandIOlogiccontrol.ThePCrunsTheDXFanalysisalgorithm,Human-MachineInterface(HMI)andsendsthemotioncontrolinstructionsgotfromtheDXFanalysisalgorithmtothemotioncontroller,sotheengravingmachinecanbecontrolled.ThesoftwareofthesystemincludesPCprogramandmotioncontrollerprogram.5.1.PCProgramThePCprogramincludesHMIandDXFanalysisprogramrunninginthebackground.DXFanalysisprogramaremainlyprogrammedbasedonDXFanalysisprinciplesandmethodson3.5.2.ProgramDesignofMotionControllerInthisdesign,thesubprogramsoflinearandcircularinterpolationareprogrammedinGALILmotioncontroller.AccordingtotheresultsofDXFanalysisinPC,calldifferentsubprograminproperorderandassignvariable,thecontinuoustrackingtrajectorycanberealized.ThelinearinterpolationprogramofGALILmotioncontrollerisasfollows:#LINEARMT2,2VMABVS5000VA100000VD100000VPX,YVEBGSEN6.TestRunningResultByC#,theauthorsfirstfinishedtheDXFfileidentificationaswellastheextractionandstorageofgraphicelementinformation.Thegraphicelementorderingoperationswerealsoachieved.Atlast,thegraphicstrajectoriesweregeneratedbycallingthebottomGALILsoftwareinstructionsandachievedmotiontacking.Thetestwascarriedoutonathreeaxesmotionexperimentplatform,thecarvingcutterwasreplacedwithpen.Penwasfixedontheexperimentplatform.ThetestusedatrajectorygraphdrawnbyAutoCAD.ThefinalresultshowsthatthedevelopedopenCNCengravingmachinesystemcanaccuratelycompletetheidentificationofDXFfile,andthewalkpathisconsistentwiththeCADfile.References[1]OmirouSotiris,L.andBarouniAntigoni,K.()IntegrationofNewProgrammingCapabilitiesintoaCNCMillingSystem.RoboticsandComputer-IntegratedManufacturing,21,518-527.[2]Kovacic,M.,Brezocnik,M.,Pahole,I.,Balic,J.andKecelj,B.()EvolutionaryProgrammingofCNCMachines.JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology,164-165,1379-1387.[3]Zhai,R.andZhang,L.()ReadingFrameDesignBasedontheDXFFileFormat.FujianComputer,4,107-109.[4]Huang,J.Q.andYuan,Q.()AutomaticInputandIdentificationforStampingGraphBasedonAutoCAD.MachineryDesign&Manufacture,2,82-84.[5]Bai,X.C.andChen,Y.M.()AutomaticProgrammingofBridgeCuttingMachineBasedontheDXFFile.EquipmentManufacturingTechnology,2,110-112.附录2外文翻译-汉字部分利用C#识别DXF文件数控雕刻机系统HuibinYang,JuanYan摘要本文研究开放式数控雕刻机关键技术，即DXF识别技术。图形信息提取方法被提出。经过这种方法，在DXF文件中图形信息能够被识别和转换为运动控制器底部代码。所以，雕刻机能够实现轨迹跟踪。然后利用C#对放数控雕刻机系统进行开发，最终在一个三轴运动试验平台上对这个方法进行验证。结果表明该方法能够有效地识别DXF文件中线、圆、弧等图形信息，而且数控雕刻机能够被控制得很好。关键字：DXF；数控雕刻机；GALIL；C#1介绍伴随模式识别技术发展，现代数控雕刻机无须手动编程。经过导入图形文件，对应形状就会被雕刻机立即雕刻出来.极大简化了雕刻机操作过程，使得操作者不再需要丰富编程知识。其中，DXF识别是数控雕刻机关键技术。经过阅读和识别DXF文件，能够直接生成加工轨迹,实现对数控雕刻机运动控制。2研究现实状况研究人员已经做了大量研究怎样将CAD软件和NC代码联络起来。Omirou和Barouni提出一系列机器代码，经过优异编程能力集成到现代数控铣床控制系统中。Kovacic和Brezocnik提出利用遗传算法去给基于CAD模型在制造环境下数控机床编程理论,不过用这种数控编程方法也存在很多问题（比如人工参与程度高但效率低）。中国研究人员研究方向关键包含两个方面，一个是DXF文件和数控加工理论研究，另一个是读取DXF文件应用程序。翟睿和张良提出一个用于读取DXF文件数据信息和做部分基于跨平台开源库DXFDXF文件结构特点分析预处理程序结构。黄洁琼和元群编写使用面向对象二次开发工具来读取存放部分图形信息DXF文件接口程序，以ARX和C++为对象来研究冲压件加工。冲压件几何模型利用封闭轮廓自动生成算法来自动创建。3DXF文件和图形信息提取3.1DXF文件DXF(图纸交换文件)表示全部被标识信息包含在AutoCAD图形文件和ASCII或二进制格式文件中，它能够用作输入/输出接口和图形文件在AutoCAD和其它图形应用程序之间转换。一个完整DXF文件由六个被称作SECTION段组成，这六段分HEADER，CLASSES，TABLES，BLOCKS，ENTITIES和文件结束字符（组代码为0，组值为EOF）。DXF文件每一段结构和含义图1所表示。统计块名称、目前层名字、块类型、块插入基点和全部已经定义块中组员使用点、线、圆、弧,包含实体和块关联数据来定义实际3D或统计块名称、目前层名字、块类型、块插入基点和全部已经定义块中组员使用点、线、圆、弧,包含实体和块关联数据来定义实际3D或2D几何实体，这是DXF识别关键部分。DXF识别关键部分包含四个表。每个表包含一个数量可变条目。依据这些表在文件出现次序,它们依次是线、表、层表、表字体样式和表视图。表、层表,表字体样式表和视图。它有时会忽略像标题部分。包含全部应用程序定义类信息。大部分信息包含没有价值非CAD应用程序。非CAD应用程序统计在AutoCAD系统中全部标题变量、目前值和目前状态。大部分信息中包含没有价值非CAD应用程序。非CAD应用程序没有价值图1DXF文件结构3.2图形信息提取方法为了提取图形中有用信息，在文件中很多地方能够忽略。只要取得了表、块、实体部分就能够做出对应几何描述。每个在DXF文件中图形元素全部被存放为一个固定格式，所以它数据交换很方便，这也被称为它可读性。每个在DXF文件中图形元素特征用配对组代码和组值等参数来描述。所以，依据开放式数控雕刻机锁定目标，它足以经过读取DXF文件中实体部分来描述目标几何轮廓。其特定识别过程是：首先搜索DXF文件，直到找到“ENTITLES”，然后构建一个图形元素对象。然后搜索图形元素类型(线、圆、弧)和紧随其后组织代码值。比如，假如程序发觉ENTITLES部分并确定第一个图形元素是LINE(程序发觉“LINE”在“ENTITLES”以后)。然后它将搜索组代码代表参数。组代码后下一行数字就是参数值。(如：下一行数字“10”代表这一行起始点X值，“20”代表起始点Y值，“11”代表这一行终点X值，“21”代表这一行终点Y值等)。表1为ENTITIES部分一个例子。经过这些参数和值，系统就能“看到”图形并“知道”所画AutoCAD图具体参数。表1ENTITIES部分举例DXF文件部分解释ENTITIES段名称0组代码LINE图形元素类型…1050.0起始点X值20100.0起始点Y值300.0起始点Z值11350.0终点X值21500.0终点Y值310.0终点Z值0ENDSEC段结束符3.3C#实现图形信息提取为了存放图形数据，较为方便方法是使用数组来存放数字变量，也便于调用和赋值操作。首先定义一个二维数组：s[i,j](i<=100,j<=20)，定义一个100行和20个低点初始化数组，每一行i存放一个图形元素，在每一行元素j代表组代码值。格式各意义如表2。然后，图形元素存放状态是s[i,0],s[i,1],⋅⋅⋅,s[i,15](I=0,1,2,⋅⋅⋅)。这种设计优点是：对于每一个图形元素，全部几何元素和轨迹能够存放在一个有固定序列号数组变量空间。在计算或逻辑判定时既方便又不轻易犯错误。但对于整个图形轨迹,直线或曲线数量并不一致，所以关键是要有足够变量内存空间来适应不一样图形轨迹需求。部分阅读DXF文件中图形元素C#程如：do{Line=mysr.ReadLine();if(Line==“ENTITIES”){……if(Line==“10”){Line=mysr.ReadLine();stringm;m=Line;doublen;n=Convert.ToDouble(m);s[i,j]=n;j++;}……}while(Line!=null)表2数据存放格式表数组变量位置数据含义[i,0]属性标志：1代表线，2代表圆，3代表弧[i,1]起点X轴坐标值[i,2]起点Y轴坐标值[i,3]起点Z轴坐标值[i,4]终点X轴坐标值[i,5]终点Y轴坐标值[i,6]终点Z轴坐标值[i,7]一个圆或弧中心X轴坐标值[i,8]一个圆或弧中心Y轴坐标值[i,9]一个圆或弧中心Z轴坐标值[i,10]一个圆或弧半径值[i,11]弧起始角[i,12]弧终点角[i,13]后续数据识别序号排序过程[i,14]给后续操作[i,15]给后续操作4图形轨迹生成要使数控雕刻机运转起来,关键是怎样把DXF文件中图形元素信息转化为运动控制器代码,方便依据运动轨迹来控制机器运动。4.1DXF分析原理所谓DXF分析就是把每个已阅读图形元素标准化为符合标准运动控制器指令。考虑图形元素基础类型是线,圆形和弧形,不一样类型图形元素标准化是不一样。具体标准以下:1)线线只有开始和结束点坐标.实际有用内存空间s[i,0],s[i,1],…,s[i,6],其它部分全部是零。2)弧在DXF中弧格式包含中心坐标值,半径,开始角度和结束角度。中心坐标值,半径,起始角度和结束角能够识别和存放在s[i,7],s[i,8],…,s[i,12]中。但对于用