2022届河南省开封市高三第一次模拟考试英语试题（含答案解析）

开封市2022届高三第一次模拟考试英语本试卷分第1卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分，考生作答时，将答案答在答题卡上(答题注意事项见答题卡)，在本试题卷上做答无效。考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项：1.本考试设试题卷和答题卡两部分，所有答题必须用2B铅笔涂(选择题)或用黑色签字笔写(非选择题)在答题卡上，做在试卷上一律不得分。2.答卷前，务必用黑色中性笔在答题卡正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号。3.考试时间120分钟。试卷满分150分。第I卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatistheman’sdreamhouselike?A.Ithasabiggarden.B.Ithasalargeyard.C.Itisbyalake.2.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Bookadoubleroom.B.Changehisroom.C.Callanotherhotel.3.Whichfilmwillthespeakerssee?A.FastLife.B.SummerRock.C.AmericanStory.4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknowmoreabout?A.Abird.B.Aship.C.Anaccident,5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingaboutingeneral?A.Whatbirthdaypresentthewomanwillbuy.B.Whenthewomanwillattendtheparty.C.Whatclothesthewomanwillwear.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6,Whatmusicalinstrumentdoestheman’ssisterplay?A.Theviolin.B.Theguitar.C.Thepiano.7Whatdoesthemanmeanintheend?A.Thewomanplaystheguitarwell.B.Thewomansingshellerthanhim.C.Thewomanhaslittletalentformusic.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrow?A.Studytogether.B.VisitMrs.Green.C.Takeanexam.9.Whereairthespeakers?A,Inalibrary.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inalab.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whodidthemanmostlyinvitetotheparty?A,Hisfamily.B.Hisco-workers.C.Hisschoolmates.II.Atwhattimeisthepartygoingtobegin?A.Around8：00p.m.B.Around7：00p.m.C.Around6-00p.m.12.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomantake?A.Beer.B.Juice.C.Music.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fellowworkers.B.Oldschoolmates.C.Employerandemployee.14.Howlongdidthewomanspendonaholidayrecently?A.10days.B.14days.C.30days.15.Whatadvicedoesthewomanoffer?A.VisitMike.B.Haveaparty.C.TraveltoAustralia.16.WhatwillWilsondothissummer?A.Takeaholiday.B.Lookforajob.C.Dealwithhiswork.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeaker?A.Atourguide.B.Azookeeper.C.Aschoolteacher.18.Whenwillthespecialtourstart?A.At11：00a.m.B.Al12:30p,m.C,At3:00p.m.19.Wherewillthelistenersgofirst?A.Thezoo’sinformationcenter.B.Theinsecthouse.C.Thelionhouse.20.Whatwilltakeplaceat4:00?A.Azooshopwillgiveouttoys.B.Visitorswillmakesandwiches.C.Workerswillfeedtheelephants.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和1)四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并花答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFunfactsaboutAntarcticaAtthesouthernmostpointoftheworld,youfindAntarcticaagiantmassoficethat’sitsowncontinent.You,maynotknowmuchaboutthecontinent,sowhynotreadon?There’salakethatrunsbloodredinAntarctica.Asthoughsomeonehascutintotheice,theproperlynamedBloodFallscomeoutovertheTaylorGlacier.Thewaterisextremelyhighinironandsalt,andwhenitcomesintocontactwiththeair,itshowsthespecialredcoloragainstthepurewhitesurroundings.Thewaterhereisthreetimessaltierthanoceanwater,andtherefore,toosaltytobecomeice.Antarcticahasitsowntreaty(条约).BecausetheenvironmentofAntarcticaissodelicateandunique,thereisatreatysayingthatonlypeacefulresearchcanbedonethere.In1959,12countriessignedthistreaty,withthenumbernowsittingat53.ThisalsomakesitcertainthatAntarcticadoesn’tendupbeingcaughtinaninternationalconflict,andthatthecontinentisonlyusedforscientificpurposesandsensibletraveling.Thetreatypreventsarmyandnuclearactivities,andalsomineralmining.ThereisauniquephenomenoninAntarcticacalleddiamonddustWhiletherearelowlevelsofprecipitation(降水)inAntarctica,thatdoesn’tmeantheairisclearofnature’sbeauty!Theairissocoldtherethatmoisture(水汽)cancondensewhileair-borne.Thisresultsinicefallingtotheground.Thesun’slightwillcausetheicetoshine,creatingashiningshowercalleddiamonddust.Ithappenswhentheskiesareclear,knownasclear-skyprecipitation.IfanyoftheseAntarcticfactshaveincreasedyourinterestinvisitingthisuniquecontinent,besuretogetintouchwiththeteamalAuroraExpeditionstoday.Phone：+61(0)2925210331.WhatdoweknowabouttheBloodFalls?A.Thewaterhasbeenpolluted. B.Thewatercomesfromariver.C.Thewaterisrichinironandsalt. D.Thewaterusuallyfreezesinwinter.2.Thelastfunfactismainlyabout________.A.wheremoisturecomesfrom B.howdiamonddustisformedC.wherediamonddustcanbefound D.howprecipitationcanbeincreased3.Whatisthetextmostprobably?A.Atourreport. B.researchplan.C.Anadvertisement. D.Anexplorationguide.【答案】1.C2.B3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了一些有关南极的有趣的事实。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Asthoughsomeonehascutintotheice,theproperlynamedBloodFallscomeoutovertheTaylorGlacier.Thewaterisextremelyhighinironandsalt(就像有人凿开了冰一样，泰勒冰川上出现了名副其实的‘血瀑布’。水中的铁和盐含量极高)”可知，“血瀑布”的水中富含铁和盐，故选C。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第七段中“Theairissocoldtherethatmoisture(水汽)cancondensewhileair-borne.Thisresultsinicefallingtotheground.Thesun’slightwillcausetheicetoshine,creatingashiningshowercalleddiamonddust.(那里的空气很冷，水汽在空气中会凝结。这导致冰落到地面。太阳的光会使冰发光，形成一种闪亮的阵雨，叫做钻石尘)”可知，该段主要讲述钻石尘是如何形成的，故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合最后两段“IfanyoftheseAntarcticfactshaveincreasedyourinterestinvisitingthisuniquecontinent,besuretogetintouchwiththeteamalAuroraExpeditionstoday.(如果这些南极的事实增加了您参观这片独特大陆的兴趣，请务必今天与极光探险队取得联系)”和“Phone：+61(0)292521033”可知，文章是一篇广告，故选C。BDuringmycareerinthepastyears,I’vebeenfiredafewtimes.Thelasttimewasaboutfiveyearsago.Atthetime,Ico-ownedaliteraryagency.Iagreedtotakeonagiantprojectforamajorclient.Iworkedmytailoffaboutayear,focusingjustonthisoneclient.Meanwhilemypartnerandassociatestookcareofeveryoneelse.Weallthoughtitwasagoodbet.Butintheend,theclientfiredmeandcooperatedwithanagencywhopromisedtogethimamajorbookdealwithaNewYorkpublishinghouseandanappearanceonOprah.Iwaslefthighanddrywithnothingtoshowformyyear-longinvestment.TheworstpartwasthatIdidnotseeitcoming.IthoughtIhaddoneagreatjob,andwehadenjoyedalong-termpersonalrelationship.ButmyclienthadhiseyeonbiggerthingsanddecidedIcouldn’ttakehimthere,soheabandonedmewithoutdiscussion.ThethingIfinallylearnedfromthisexperiencewasthatclientsandcustomerscanbechangeable.Soneverputallyoureggsinonebasket.Thiswasn’ttheonlymistakeI’dmadeinmycareer.SomeofthemistakesIhadmadegotmefired.Thatgotmyattentionandfurtheredmyeducationintheschoolofhardknocks.Chancesarethatyouaregoingtobefiredatsomepointinyourcareer.LastMay,1.7millionworkersinAmericawerelaidofforfired.AndaccordingtotheLaborDepartment,thatwasduringmonthofgenerallygoodeconomicnews.Thetrick—afterbeingfired—istotrytopushbitternessasideandlearnfromit.Failurecanbeagreatteacher,butwehavetolisten.4.Whydidtheauthoronlyfocusononeproject?AHisclientrequiredhimtodoso.B.Heconsidereditwouldbeasafebet.C.ItcangivehimanappearanceonOprah.D.Therewerenootherprojectsinhisagency.5.Whywastheauthorabandoned?A.Hecausedsometroubleforhisclient.B.Hisclientwantedtoteachhimalesson.C.Hecouldn’tsatisfyhisclient’sdemands.D.Hisclientwasafraidofdestroyingtheirfriendship.6.Whatlessondidtheauthorprobablylearn?A.Heshouldhavespreadhisrisk.B.Heshouldhavetriedhisbesttodobetter.C.Heshouldn’thaveworkedongiantprojects.D.Heshouldn’thavemadefriendswithhisclients.7.Whatdidtheauthormainlywritethetextfor?A.ToshowtheimportanceoffailureB.Totellushowtofacegettingfired.C.Toshareamosthorribleexperience.D.Toexplainwhypeopleeasilygetfired.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者主要讲了自己职场失败的经历，以此告诉读者如何应对被解雇的困境。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Iworkedmytailoffaboutayear,focusingjustonthisoneclient.Meanwhilemypartnerandassociatestookcareofeveryoneelse.Weallthoughtitwasagoodbet.(我累死累活了一年，只关注这一个客户。与此同时，我的搭档和同事们照顾其他人。我们都认为这是一个很明智的事。)”可知，作者只关注一个项目是因为他认为这是一个很明智的事。故选B。5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“ButmyclienthadhiseyeonbiggerthingsanddecidedIcouldn’ttakehimthere,soheabandonedmewithoutdiscussion.(但我的委托人有更大的目标，并且他认为我不能带他去那里，所以他没有和我商量就抛弃了我。)”可知，作者被抛弃了是因为他不能满足委托人的要求，故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“ThethingIfinallylearnedfromthisexperiencewasthatclientsandcustomerscanbechangeable.Soneverputallyoureggsinonebasket.(我从这次经历中学到的是，客户和顾客可能是易变的。所以不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。)”可知，作者可能学到的是他本应该分散风险的。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Thetrick—afterbeingfired—istotrytopushbitternessasideandlearnfromit.Failurecanbeagreatteacher,butwehavetolisten.(在被解雇之后，诀窍是试着把痛苦放在一边，并从中吸取教训。失败可能是一位伟大的老师，但我们必须倾听。)”可知，作者通过讲自己职场失败的经历来告诉读者如何应对被解雇的困境，故选B。CAmajoremergencycancreatehundredsofthousandsofrefugees(难民)overnight.ThemostimmediatewayinwhichorganizationslikeUNHCRandtheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross(ICRC)canhelptheserefugeesisbysettinguprefugeecamps.Refugeecampsaredesignedtobetemporary,buttheyoftenremaininplacefordecades.Insomepartsoftheworld,childrenhavegrownupandhadchildrenoftheirownwithouteverleavingtheircamp.Criticsarguethattheyforcerefugeestobeentirelydependentondonations.OnejournalistwhovisitedtheNyadeoucampinthesouthoftheRepublicofGuineaA(Africa)in2001,describedhownormallypeacefulpeoplewerereducedtofightingwitheachotherwhenthefoodtruckarrived.Refugeescampscaneasilybecomedirty,overcrowdedandareoverrunwithdiseaseorcrime.Inmanycamps,drugdealershidethemselvesamongthemajorityofinnocentrefugees.Onealternativeforrefugeesistosettleinatownorvillage,makingthembecomepartofthelocalpopulation.Thisisknownasthe“self-settlement”.Severalaidagenciesarguethattheself-settlementisabetteroptioninmanycasesthanrefugeecamps.Theysaythatself-settledrefugeescanstarttorebuildtheirlivesstraightaway,andarefreerandsaferthanrefugeesincamps.Oxfam,theICRCandmanyotherinternationalaidagenciessupportprogramsinwhichrefugeesarehelpedtoself-settle.RepresentativesofUNHCRarguethatrefugeecampsarethebestwayofsavingthegreatestpossiblenumbersoflives.Theypointoutthatitismucheasiertohelppeopleiftheyareallgatheredinoneplace.Thisiscertainlytrueofemergencyrelief,forexamplethedistributionoffood,water,sheltersandmedicalsupplies.Itisalsotruethatlong-termaidprograms,suchasfamilytracing,orphansupportand,perhapsmostimportantly,education,canallbecarriedoutmuchmoreeasilywhenrefugeesarealllivingtogetherinoneplace.8.Whoareresponsiblefortherefugees’dependenceondonations?A.Critics. B.Children. C.Refugeecamps. D.UNHCRandtheICRC.9.Whatadvantagecanself-settledrefugeesenjoy?A.Morepersonalaid. B.Morelivingspace.C.Bettertrainingprograms. D.Abettersenseofsecurity.10.Whatbenefitcangatheringrefugeesinoneplacebring?A.Itcanhelpsavemuchland. B.It’seasierforthemtogetschooling.C.Itcanreducethenumberoforphans. D.Itallowsfamiliestobetterhelpeachother.11.Whichofthefollowingisnotdiscussedinthetext?A.Theadvantagesofrefugeecamps. B.Thedisadvantagesofrefugeecamps.C.Theadvantagesoftheself-settlement. D.Thedisadvantagesoftheself-settlement.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论了如何安置难民的问题。难民营在一般情况下是一个很好的解决难民问题的方法，尤其是在紧急状况下，但是现实是难民营过于拥挤、管理混乱、疾病肆虐，甚至成为犯罪分子的藏身之处，因此难民进行自我安置或许会更好。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Criticsarguethattheyforcerefugeestobeentirelydependentondonations.(批评者认为，他们迫使难民完全依赖捐款)”和第一段“Refugeecampsaredesignedtobetemporary,buttheyoftenremaininplacefordecades.Insomepartsoftheworld,childrenhavegrownupandhadchildrenoftheirownwithouteverleavingtheircamp.(难民营被设计成临时性的，但它们往往会在原地呆上几十年。在世界的一些地方，孩子们长大了，有了自己的孩子，再也没有离开过他们的营地)”可知第二段的代词they指代第一段所提及的refugeecamps，所以是难民营使得难民们过度依赖救助。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Theysaythatself-settledrefugeescanstarttorebuildtheirlivesstraightaway,andarefreerandsaferthanrefugeesincamps.(他们说，自我安置的难民可以立即开始重建生活，而且比难民营中的难民更自由、更安全)”可知，难民自我安置的好处是可获得更好的安全。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Itisalsotruethatlong-termaidprograms,suchasfamilytracing,orphansupportand,perhapsmostimportantly,education,canallbecarriedoutmuchmoreeasilywhenrefugeesarealllivingtogetherinoneplace.(同样，当难民都住在一个地方时，长期援助计划，如家庭追踪、孤儿支持，也许最重要的是教育，都可以更容易地实施)”可知，难民们被集中安排在一个地方利于他们更好接受教育。故选B。【11题详解】细节理解题。文章第一段讲述了解决难民问题最直接的方法；第二、三段讲述了难民营的弊端；第四段讲述了难民自我安置的优点；第五段讲述了难民营的优点。所以文章并未提及难民自我安置的弊端。故选D。DAmerica’syouthisturningitsbackontobacco.AccordingtoastudyrecentlypublishedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC),cigarettesmokingamongUShighschoolstudentsisatanall-timelow.Onein5UShighschoolstudentsin2016reportedusingatobaccoproductwithinthepast30days,animprovementfrom1in4studentsjustoneyearbefore.“Thesefindingsshowtheimportanceofcontinuingtoimplementtheevidence-basedstrategiesthatwenowworktoreduceallformsoftobaccoproductuse,includinge-cigarettes,amongournation’syouth,”saysBrianKing,oftheCDC’sOfficeonSmokingandHealthandseniorauthorofthestudy.Andit’snotjusttobacco:DruguseamongUSteensisdownacrosstheboard.TheNationalInstituteonDrugAbusehaspublishedannualreportsonUSteens’drugusesince1996,andthe2016surveyshowsthelowestratesofillegaldrugandalcoholuse.Marijuana(大麻)useremained“mostlysteady”.“Itisencouragingtoseemoreyoungpeoplemakinghealthychoicesnottouseillegalsubstances,”saysformerNationalDrugControlPolicyDirectorMichaelBotticelli.Allindividualformsoftobaccosuchascigarettes,e-cigarettes,cigars,andsmoke-lesstobaccosawdeclinesinusagein2016.Expertsareespeciallyencouragedbythedeclineincigarettes,themostpopulartobaccoproductamongteens.In2016,11.3percentofhighschoolstudentsreportedusinge-cigarettes,downfrom16percentin2015.Dr.Kingsaysadaptationiskeytothedeclineofe-cigarettes.“Wehaveoverahalf-centuryofsciencetellingstudentsabouttheharmfuleffectsoftobaccouseandwhatworksbesttopreventit,”saysKing.“E-cigarettesarethemostcommonlyusedtobaccoproductamongournation’syouth,andit’scriticalthatourprovenstrategiesaremodernizedtokeeppacewiththechangingtobaccoproductlandscape.”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“implement”inParagraph2mean?A.Delay. B.Perform. C.Schedule. D.Control.13.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.USteens’drugusehasdecreased.B.Therearemanyformsoftobacco.C.E-cigarettesarepopularamongUSteens.D.Thestrategiesareputforwardbyexperts.14.Whatmaybetheexperts’attitudetowardsfuturedeclinesincigaretteuse?A.Disapproving. B.Suspicious. C.Favorable. D.Ambiguous.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.USteentobaccousedeclines. B.Highpercentofteentobaccouse.C.Theharmfuleffectsoftobaccouse. D.Thestrategiestoreducetabascouse.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国青少年使用大麻、烟草等毒品的比例有了明显下降，这说明美国一直以来进行的宣传工作取得了成效，专家对此采取相当乐观的态度。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据下文“thatwenowworktoreduceallformsoftobaccoproductuse(我们现在致力于减少所有形式的烟草制品的使用)”可知，政府一直在努力工作，说明他们在执行以证据为基础的宣传策略，来减少各种烟草的使用，implement是个动词，意思是“执行”，意思和perform相近，故选B项。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Andit’snotjusttobacco:DruguseamongUSteensisdownacrosstheboard.(不仅是烟草：美国青少年的毒品使用率也全面下降)”可知，青少年使用毒品的比例也下降了，A选项（美国青少年的毒品使用率下降）符合题意，故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Expertsareespeciallyencouragedbythedeclineincigarettes,themostpopulartobaccoproductamongteens.(专家们对青少年中最受欢迎的烟草产品——香烟的减少尤其感到鼓舞)”可知，专家们看到烟草制品的使用率下降后备受鼓舞，也就是持支持态度的，故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“America’syouthisturningitsbackontobacco.AccordingtoastudyrecentlypublishedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC),cigarettesmokingamongUShighschoolstudentsisatanall-timelow.(美国的年轻人正在远离烟草。根据疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）最近公布的一项研究，美国高中生吸烟率正处于历史最低水平)”可知，本文想说明的是美国青少年烟草等毒品使用率下降的现象，A选项（美国青少年烟草使用率下降）符合题意，故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Learningtoreadprovidesfoundationforfuturelearninginallareasofstudy.Andexpertssaystudentsneedtohaveaworkingknowledgeof10,000words.Now,anewvocabularyprogramclaimstogreatlyspeedupachild’sunderstandingoflanguage.____16____,whichusespicturesandshortwordexercisestoimproveastudent’sperformanceontests.SofiaFenichellcreatedthesystem.____17____“Wecallitthe10,000-wordjourney.Webelievethatchildrencanmasterthesewordsfromtheageofsevento17.Andtheydon’thavetocram(临时死记硬背).____18____.We’reacceleratingtheirabilitytocommunicate,aswellasimprovingtheirreadingandwriting”shesaid.EachwordintheMrs.Wordsmithsystemofteachinghasachild-friendlydefinition.____19____.Forexample,thewordshriveledisdefinedas“wrinkled,likehipposkinthat’sbeeninthebathtoolong.”Underneaththedefinitionisadrawingofaverywethippopotamus.Therearealsoexercisestohelpstrengthenthestudent’sunderstanding.FenichellspokeatarecenteducationtechnologyshowinLondon.____20____.“Theteachersarereportingbackthatthekidsloveit.Theywanttodomore,they’reputtingitintheirwriting,andthey’relearningmorewords.It’ssoeasytoteachthemthevocabulary.Littlechildrenareusingwordslike：‘thebrazen(厚颜无耻的)attitudeoftheBritishinWorldWarTwo’,andteachersarewritingtousandsayingtheycan’tbelievehowmuchtheirwritinghasimproved.”Mrs.Wordsmithisnowsettoexpandintoschoolsinothercountries,includingtheUnitedStates.A.WordsbringmeaningtolifeB.ItiscalledMrs.WordsmithC.ChildrenwillsearchfortherightwordstouseD.AndeachwordhasapictureshowinghowthewordisusedE.ShesaidtheMrs.WordsmithsystemhasbeenpopularinschoolsacrossBritainF.SheworkedwithresearchersfromCambridgeUniversityinBritaintodevelopthelistofwordsG.Thesewordsaretypicallythewordstheyfindinthebookstheyread,innewspapers,inadultconversation【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.D20.E【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了Mrs.Wordsmith这一新的词汇学习系统，它通过使用图片和简短的词汇练习来提高学生在测试中的表现。【16题详解】根据前文“Now,anewvocabularyprogramclaimstogreatlyspeedupachild’sunderstandingoflanguage.(学会阅读为今后所有领域的学习奠定了基础。专家表示，学生需要掌握1万个单词的应用知识。现在，一项新的词汇计划声称可以大大加快孩子对语言的理解)”以及后文“whichusespicturesandshortwordexercisestoimproveastudent’sperformanceontests.(使用图片和简短的单词练习来提高学生在考试中的表现)”可知，此处是在介绍这个新的词汇计划，所以B项“ItiscalledMrs.Wordsmith(它被称为Mrs.Wordsmith)”符合文意，介绍这个计划的名词。故选B项。【17题详解】根据前文“SofiaFenichellcreatedthesystem.(SofiaFenichell创建了这个系统)”以及后文“Wecallitthe10,000-wordjourney.Webelievethatchildrencanmasterthesewordsfromtheageofsevento17(我们称之为万字之旅。我们相信孩子们可以从7岁到17岁掌握这些单词)”可知，前文只提到SofiaFenichell，后文确用we，所以空处提到其他人一起开发这个系统，所以F项“SheworkedwithresearchersfromCambridgeUniversityinBritaintodevelopthelistofwords(她与英国剑桥大学的研究人员合作，开发了一份词汇表)”符合文意，承接上文，并引出下文。故选F项。【18题详解】根据前文“Andtheydon’thavetocram(他们不需要死记硬背)”可知，G项“Thesewordsaretypicallythewordstheyfindinthebookstheyread,innewspapers,inadultconversation(这些词通常出现在他们读过的书、报纸和成人谈话中)”是在解释不需要死记硬背的原因，符合文意。故选G项。【19题详解】根据前文“EachwordintheMrs.Wordsmithsystemofteachinghasachild-friendlydefinition.(Mrs.Wordsmith教学系统中的每个单词都有一个适合儿童的定义)”可知，D项“Andeachwordhasapictureshowinghowthewordisused(每个单词都有一张图片，显示这个单词是如何使用的)”都是在讲述，Mrs.Wordsmith如何展现这些单词的，符合文意。故选D项。【20题详解】根据前文“FenichellspokeatarecenteducationtechnologyshowinLondon.(Fenichell在伦敦最近的一次教育技术展上发表了讲话)”可知，根据行文逻辑，后应是她具体的讲话，所以E项“ShesaidtheMrs.WordsmithsystemhasbeenpopularinschoolsacrossBritain(她说，Mrs.Wordsmith系统在英国各地的学校都很受欢迎)”符合文意。故选E项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分3()分)阅读下而的短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B和C四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Areallinventorsscientists?No.Anyonecanmakea(n)____21____.Allittakesisa(n)____22____andsomehardwork.Apersonmustbewillingtotryagainand____23____theinventionworks.That’sjustwhathappenedtoMurraySpanglerin1907.Spanglerwasajanitor(清洁工)atadepartmentstore.He____24____toworkeverynightafterthedepartmentstoreclosed.He____25____hisjob,butitwasalotofworktocleanallthatspace.Hewas____26____.Hewishedthattherewasabetterwaytocleanthestore’sfloor.Eachnightasheworked,hethoughtaboutthe____27____.Whatkindofmachinecouldhemake?Afterawhile,someideasformedinhishead.Hegotagroupof____28____,includinganoldbox,atape,apillowcase,anelectricfan,abroomhandle,andapaintroller.Thenhespentweeksfittingthemtogether.Hetrieditathome.It____29____!Atlast,hewasreadytotakehisinventiontothe_____30_____.Apoliceofficerwaswalkingdownthestreet.Heglancedatthedepartmentstorewindow.HesawSpangler____31____hisinvention.Theofficerwenttotheowner’shouse,_____32_____theownerthatSpanglerwasdoingsomethingwitha(n)_____33_____machinethatmadealotofnoise.HethoughtthatSpanglerhadlosthismind.The_____34_____rushedtothestore.HetoldSpanglerthathewasfiredformessingaround_____35_____doinghisjob.Spanglertoldhimthathewasdoinghisjob_____36_____thaneverbefore.Heaskedthestoreownertolethimshowhimhowhismachineworked._____37_____,themanagreed.Hewas_____38_____whenSpanglermovedhismachineoverdirtandgumwrappers.They_____39_____!Spanglerhadjustbuiltthefirstvacuumcleaner.ThenextyearhesoldhisinventiontoafirmnamedHoover.Beforelongvacuumcleanerswereas_____40_____asstovesinhomes.21.A.observation B.mistake C.plan D.invention22.A.topic B.theory C.idea D.excuse23.A.though B.until C.once D.after24.A.started B.failed C.agreed D.decided25.A.found B.liked C.quit D.knew26.A.ashamed B.frightened C.worried D.exhausted27.A.accident B.discovery C.problem D.experiment28.A.machines B.objects C.pictures D.books29.A.worked B.changed C.stopped D.arrived30.A.store B.hotel C.lab D.station31.A.showing B.improving C.using D.designing32.A.threatening B.convincing C.showing D.telling33.A.old B.cool C.huge D.strange34.A.janitor B.policeman C.owner D.customer35.A.insteadof B.becauseof C.thanksto D.asfor36.A.worse B.better C.slower D.busier37.A.Excited B.Satisfied C.Curious D.Afraid38.A.confused B.shocked C.disappointed D.amused39.A.disappeared B.continued C.dropped D.moved40.A.simple B.safe C.convenient D.common【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.B26.D27.C28.B29.A30.A31.C32.D33.D34.C35.A36.B37.C38.B39.A40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个人发明第一台吸尘器的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不，任何人都可以发明。A.observation观察；B.mistake错误；C.plan计划；D.invention发明。根据上文“Areallinventorsscientists?(所有的发明者都是科学家吗？)”可知此处上下文说的是发明，故选D项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所需要的只是一个想法和一些艰苦的工作。A.topic话题；B.theory原理；C.idea想法；D.excuse借口。在这个句子中，我们要填入一个名词，这个名词需要与“somehardwork(一些艰苦的工作)”共同作为发明所需要的条件。从上下文可以看出，作者在强调任何人都可以发明，只需要具备某个条件和一些努力。“idea”是一个名词，表示“想法”，在发明创造的过程中，通常需要有一个原始的、创新的想法或概念作为起点。有了这个想法之后，再加上努力和实践，就有可能将这个想法转化为实际的发明，所以C项“idea想法”表达的含义符合语境，故选C项。【23题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：一个人必须愿意不断尝试，直到发明成功为止。A.though尽管（连接让步状语从句）；B.until直到……（连接时间状语从句）；C.once一旦（连接条件状语从句）；D.after在……之后。分析句子结构，可知空白处需要填入的词应该与“tryagain(不断尝试)”和“theinventionworks(发明成功)”两个动作或状态形成逻辑上的连贯。“until”是一个连词，表示“直到”的意思。当它与某个条件或事件一起使用时，它指的是某个动作或状态会持续进行，直到那个条件或事件实现为止。在这个句子中，“untiltheinventionworks”意味着一个人必须愿意不断尝试，直到发明成功为止，符合句意，故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天晚上百货公司关门后，他开始工作。A.started开始；B.failed使失望；C.agreed同意；D.decided决定。根据下文“butitwasalotofworktocleanallthatspace(但要清理所有的空间需要做很多工作)”可知，此处说的是他开始工作，故选A项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢自己的工作，但打扫所有的空间是一项艰巨的工作。A.found发现；B.liked喜欢；C.quit放弃；D.knew知道。根据下文“Hewishedthattherewasabetterwaytocleanthestore’sfloor.(他希望有更好的方法来清洁商店的地板)”可推理出他爱他的工作，故选B项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他筋疲力尽。A.ashamed羞耻的；B.frightened害怕的；C.worried担心的；D.exhausted筋疲力尽的。根据上文“itwasalotofworktocleanallthatspace(打扫所有的空间是一项艰巨的工作)”可推理出此处说的是他打扫完所有的空间后，感到疲劳，分析选项，D项“exhausted筋疲力尽的”表达的含义符合语境，故选D项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天晚上他工作的时候，都在思考这个问题。A.accident事故；B.discovery发现；C.problem问题；D.experiment实验。根据上文“Hewishedthattherewasabetterwaytocleanthestore’sfloor.(他希望有更好的方法来清洁商店的地板)”可知，他思考的是更好的清洁方法这个问题，故选C项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他找到了一组物品，包括一个旧盒子、一条胶带、一个枕套、一个电风扇、一个扫帚柄和一个油漆滚筒。A.machines机器；B.objects物品；C.pictures图画；D.books书。根据下文“anoldbox,atape,apillowcase,anelectricfan,abroomhandle,andapaintroller(一个旧盒子、一条胶带、一个枕套、一个电风扇、一个扫帚柄和一个油漆滚筒)”可知，下文说的是物品，故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功了！A.worked奏效；B.changed改变；C.stopped停止；D.arrived到达。根据下文“Atlast,hewasreadytotakehisinventionto(最后，他准备将自己的发明带去)”可知，他的发明成功了，分析选项，A项“worked奏效”表达的含义符合语境，故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，他准备把他的发明带到商店去。A.store商店；B.hotel宾馆；C.lab实验室；D.station车站。根据上文“Spanglerwasajanitor(清洁工)atadepartmentstore(斯潘格勒是一家百货公司的清洁工)”可知，斯潘格勒在商店工作，故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看到斯潘格勒在使用他的发明。A.showing展示；B.improving提高；C.using使用；D.designing设计。根据下文“madealotofnoise(发出了很大的噪音)”可知此处说的是斯潘格勒在使用他的发明，故选C项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：警察来到店主家，告诉店主斯潘格勒正在用一个奇怪的机器做事，这个机器发出了很大的噪音。A.threatening威胁；B.convincing说服；C.showing展示；D.telling告诉。根据下文“Spanglerwasdoingsomethingwitha(n)…machinethatmadealotofnoise.(斯潘格勒正在用一个……机器做事，这个机器发出了很大的噪音)”可知，下文是警察告诉店主的话，空白处应填表示“告诉”含义的动词，故选D项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.old老的；B.cool凉爽的；C.huge巨大的；D.strange奇怪的。根据下文“HethoughtthatSpanglerhadlosthismind(他以为斯潘格勒已经失去了理智)”可推理出，警察认为斯潘格勒使用的东西很奇怪，故选D项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：店主匆忙赶往商店。A.janitor清洁工；B.policeman警察；C.owner店主；D.customer顾客。根据下文“Heaskedthestoreownertolethimshowhimhowhismachineworked.(他请求店主让他演示这台机器如何运作。)”可知，店主匆忙赶往商店，故选C项。【35题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：他告诉斯潘格勒，他被解雇是因为他没有做好自己的工作，而是到处乱搞。A.insteadof而不是；B.becauseof因为；C.thanksto幸亏；D.asfor至于。根据上文“messingaround(到处乱搞)”以及下文“doinghisjob(做他等工作)”可知，此处表示的是某物或某人被另一物或另一人所取代，分析选项，A项“insteadof而不是”表达的含义符合语境，故选A项。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯潘格勒告诉他，他的工作比以往任何时候都做得更好。A.worse更糟糕；B.