人教版高中英语选修八课件Unit3SectionⅠ

英语选修⑧·人教版新课标导学Unit3

InventorsandinventionsSectionⅠ

Warmingup；Pre­reading，Reading&Comprehending1自主预习2合作探究3巩固提升4课时作业自主预习Ⅰ.单词速记1．

__________(n.)专利证书；专利权2．___________(n.)产品3．_______________(vi.&vt.)显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别4．__________(n.)粉末；火药5．_________(vt.)抓住；捉住；夺6．________(n.)文件；档案；文件夹(vt.)提交；将……归档patent

product

distinguish

powder

seize

file

7．________(adj.)熟的；成熟的8．mercy(n.)仁慈；宽恕→____________(adj.)宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→______________(adv.)仁慈地；宽厚地9．cube(n.)立方体；立方→_________(adj.)立方的10．abrupt(adj.)突然的；意外的→____________(adv.)突然地；唐突地ripe

merciful

mercifully

cubic

abruptly

11．convenient(adj.)便利的；方便的；就近的→_______________(n.)便利；方便→________________(adv.)方便地12．cautious(adj.)谨慎的；小心的→___________(n.)小心；谨慎13．expect(v.)期望；预期→_______________(n.)预料；期待；期望14．merry(adj.)愉快的；高兴的→___________(adv.)高兴地；愉快地convenience

conveniently

caution

expectation

merrily

Ⅱ.短语互译1．给……打电话 ____________2．偶尔；有时 __________________3．开始；着手 ______________4．把……和……区别开 _______________________________5．applyforapatent ____________6．inthecountryside ________________7．getridof ______________8．decideon ________callup

nowandthen

setabout

distinguish...from...

申请专利在农村/乡下除掉；摆脱决定Ⅲ.句型结构1．Preparedwithsomeresearchfindings,Idecidedonthreepossibleapproaches.[公式]过去分词短语作状语。[仿写]由于多次邀请，我只好请假与她一起旅游。___________manytimes，Ihadtoaskforaleavetotravelwithher.2．Norwillyoureceiveapatentuntilasearchhasbeenmade...[公式]nor否定词位于句首，句子部分倒装。[仿写]你不能离开，也不能打电话。Youcannotleave,_______canyoumakeacall.Invited

nor

Ⅳ.课文理解(Ⅰ)阅读课文，选出最佳答案1．Thewriterwassuccessfultocatchthesnakesin______attempt.A．thefirst B．thesecondC．thethird D．every2．ThefollowingareusedinthethreeattemptsEXCEPT______.A．perfume B．abowlC．jelly D．ice­cubesC

A

D

4．Thepurposeinwritingthistextis______.A．toshowushowtotrapthesnakesbutnottokillthemB．totellpeoplehowtoapplyforapatentofthewriter’snewideaC．tointroducethewriter’snewideaoftrappingthesnakesandherapplicationforapatentD．totellthereadershowtogetanewideaandmakeitapatentC

5．Thebiggestadvantageofthewriter’snewideaisthat______.A．itmakesthesnakesmoveslowlyB．itmakesthesnakeshardlybiteusC．itiseasierforustokillthesnakeswithouthurtingourselvesD．itiseasierforustocatchthesnakeswithoutkillingthemD

(Ⅱ)课文语法填空WhenIcalledupmymotheronthephone,shewasveryupset,1.___________somesnakescamenearherhousenowandthen.Ithoughtit2._______(be)achanceformetodistinguish3.__________byinventingsomethingmerciful4.________wouldgetridofthesnakes.Isetabout5._______________(research)thehabitofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.FinallyIdecidedonthreepossible6.______________(approach)．because

was

myself

that

researching

approaches

Myfirsttwoattemptsbothfailed,soIhad7._______________(improve)mydesignagain.Tomygreatdelight,thistimeIsucceeded.Allwasin8._______________(expect)andatlastIcollectedthepassivesnakesandmerrilyreleasedthemallbackintothewild.9.___________(press)bymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytogetrecognitionformysuccessfulidea10.______sendingmyinventiontothepatentoffice.toimprove

expectation

Pressed

by

寻规巧记词以less­结尾的词with＋n.→介词短语stainless不锈的aimless无目的的careless粗心的jobless无工作的homeless无家的withgreatcaution小心翼翼地withsurprise惊奇地withcare小心地withcomfort舒服地withrespect尊重地合作探究①Themandistinguishedhimselfbyhiswisdom.这个人因智慧而扬名。②Canyoudistinguishbetweenthosetwoobjects?你能区分那两个物体吗？③Speechesdistinguishmanfromanimals.语言使人类区别于动物。核心词汇1．distinguishvi.&vt.

显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别distinguishbetween...and...区分/辨别……和……distinguish...from...使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名distinguishoneself(as...)(作为……)表现突出distinguishedadj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的distinguishableadj.易分辨的；能区分的注意：distinguish常用于否定句，且常与can或could连用；tell也可表示“辨认，辨别”，常与can或could连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。补全句子①Atwhatagearechildrenableto________________________________？儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？②Theyoungman__________________________byinventingsomethinguseful.这个年轻人通过发明有用的东西而使自己出名。distinguishbetweenrightandwrong

distinguishedhimself

③Theabilitytousetools____________________________theanimals.使用工具的能力使人类区别于动物。④TheChinesenation__________________________itsdiligenceandcourage.中华民族以勤劳、勇敢而著名。单句语法填空⑤Hangzhouisdistinguished_______itsbeautifulscenery.解析：句意：杭州因其美景而著称。for表示原因。distinguishesmanfrom

isdistinguishedfor

for

Theyaskedhertobemercifultotheprisoners.他们要求她对犯人慈悲为怀。2．mercifuladj.

宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercifullyadv.仁慈地；宽厚地；幸运地mercyn.仁慈；宽恕；怜悯ask/beg/pleadformercy请求/乞求/祈求宽恕shownomercyto对……丝毫不讲仁慈/毫不怜悯……havemercyon怜悯……atthemercyof任凭……的摆布withoutmercy无情地mercifullyadv.仁慈地；宽厚地；幸运地mercyn.仁慈；宽恕；怜悯ask/beg/pleadformercy请求/乞求/祈求宽恕shownomercyto对……丝毫不讲仁慈/毫不怜悯……havemercyon怜悯……atthemercyof任凭……的摆布withoutmercy无情地①Heisakindboss,whotreatstheworkersmercifully.他是一位好心的老板，对待工人很仁慈。②Weshowednomercytothetraitor.我们毫不怜悯那个叛徒。③Theywerelostatthesea,atthemercyofthewindandweather.他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。用mercy的正确形式填空①Antoniowas____________thatheevenshowed_________toShylock.②______________，Imanagedtostopthecarjustintime.③Iprayyoutoshow_________tothechild.完成句子④They_____________________________________________thehostages.他们对人质丝毫不讲仁慈。⑤Thepoorcatis______________________thenaughtyboy.这只可怜的猫任由调皮的男孩摆布。merciful

mercy

Mercifully

mercy

showednomercyto/hadnomercyon

atthemercyof

Theycamehereinsearchofnewmarketsfortheirproducts.他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。3．productn．产品；产物；产量producevt.生产；制造n．(集合用法)农产品producern．生产者productionn．生产；产量；总产量productiveadj.多产的；富有成效的Thefactoryproduces1,000carsaweek.这家工厂每星期生产一千辆轿车。freshproduce新鲜的农产品product，production和produceproduct强调任何体力或脑力劳动所生产的东西，含义广，是可数名词。production指生产或产量，也可指文学作品。produce作名词时，指农产品，是不可数名词。products

produce

producer

④如果我们不能卖出更多的货物，就必须降低产量。Ifwecan’tsellmoregoods,we’llhavetocutbackonthe______________.⑤这本论述教育的书是他的最新作品。Thisbookoneducationsishislatest______________.⑥这个会议成效不太大。Itwasn’tavery______________meeting.production

production

productive

4．convenientadj.

便利的；方便的；就近的(1)beconvenientfor对……是方便的Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.某人方便做某事(2)convenience[U]方便；便利[C]便利的设施forconvenience为了方便起见atone’sconvenience在……方便的时候(3)convenientlyadv.方便地Itisconvenientformetogettotherailwaystation.我到火车站很便利。注意：convenient通常不以人作主语，常用结构为“sth.beconvenientforsb.”及“It’sconvenient(forsb.)todosth.”。单句改错①Somethinkonlineshoppingwasmoreconvenienceandthegoodsarecheaper.___________________________解析：根据并列连词and后的cheaper可知应用名词convenience的形容词形式作表语。②Toconvenience,hemovedtoliveinhisoffice.___________解析：句意：为方便起见，他搬到了办公室居住。考查介词短语。forconvenience意为“为了方便起见”，为固定搭配。convenience→convenient

To→For

convenient

for

①It’sourexpectationthatyouwilldowell.我们期待你干得出色。②Shelookedatmewithexpectation.她满怀期待地看着我。5．expectationn．[C，U]预料；期待；期望单句语法填空①Themandiditinexpectation______nothing.②Hefailedtoliveup______theexpectationsofhisparents.③Theplayerisexpected__________(do)betterthistime.完成句子④Likesomeofmyclassmates，Icannot______________________________(达到我老师的预期)．⑤Icameacrossmyuniversityprofessorinthesupermarketnearmyhouse，whichwas__________________________(出乎我的预料)of

to

todo

liveuptomyteacher’sexpectations

beyondmyexpectations

①Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytomakesuccess.我决定抓住这个机会来获得成功。②Ican’tquiteseizeyourmeaning.我不太理解你的意思。③Theenemyseizedthetownafteraviolentattack.敌人猛攻后占领了这个城镇。

6．seizevt.

抓住；捉住；夺；攻占beseizedwithanillness害病seizesb.bythearm抓住某人的胳膊seizethechance/opportunity抓住机会seize...bysurprise突袭……seizeon/upon抓住，利用(借口等)HeseizedMarybythearmwhenshewantedtoleave.当玛丽想离开时他一把抓住了她的胳膊。Tomseizedontheexcusetogetoutofthepractice.汤姆利用这个借口逃避了练习。Theboyseizeshisgirlfriendbythehandintherain.雨中男孩紧紧抓住他女朋友的手。seize/snatch/catch/grasp/grabseize“抓住”，强调猛然地、突然地，表示抓住某人身体的一部分时，后接介词by，也可用于抽象事物。此外，该词还有“夺取”“占领”之意。snatch“强夺，攫取”，指以迅速的拉扯动作出其不意地抓取。catch是最普通用词，有“抓住”“捉拿”“追赶，拿到”等意思。grasp“抓住，控制在手”，表示用手或手臂牢牢地抓住，此外形容对知识的“理解”“掌握”“领会”。grab“夺取”或“抓住”，作“抓住”讲时指突然拿走或抓住。①Thethieveswillsnatchyourlastbobifyougivethemhalfachance.一有机会，小偷便会抢走你的最后一个铜板。②Yesterdayhecaughtabird.昨天他抓住一只鸟。③Hegraspedtheideaanddidhisworksmoothly.他抓住了要领，做起工作来很顺手。④Hegrabbedthemoneyandleft.他抓了钱就走了。单句语法填空①Onlyby___________(seize)everyminutecanwefinishitontime.②Companieswerequicktoseize______thechanceofferedbynewtechnology.③Whilecrossingtheroad,heoftenseizeshisfatherby_______arm.④Iseizedhim______surpriseandhehadnotimetothinkofanexcuse.seizing

on

the

by

Youshouldexerciseextremecautionwhendrivinginrain.在雨中开车要极为小心。7．cautionn．小心，谨慎单句语法填空①Hedidtheexperimentwithgreat___________.②Youshouldbe____________whencrossingthestreet.③Helookedaround______________whendrivingout.完成句子④Youshould_______________________whatyousaytothelittlegirl,forsheistoosensitive.对这个小女孩说话时要当心点，她太敏感了。caution

cautious

cautiously

becautiousabout

I’llcallyouupthiseveningifpossible.可能的话今晚我给你打电话。

M名师点津callup当表示“打电话”时，callup＝ringup＝ring＝call①Shecanstillcallupscenesofchildhood.她仍能想起儿时的情景。②Iwascalledupthreemonthsafterthewarbrokeout.战争爆发3个月后，我被征召入伍。重点短语1．callup给……打电话；使……回忆起；召集，召集……入伍①Or,youmightstarttocarryalongwithyoutheusefulphonenumbers,soyoucouldcall_______helpwheninneed.解析：句意：或者，你可以开始随身携带有用的电话号码，以便需要时求助用。考查固定搭配。callfor意为“需要，要求”。故用介词for。②Today’sraceshouldhavebeencalled_______orrescheduled.解析：句意：今天的竞赛本应该被取消或重新安排。考查固定搭配。calloff意为“取消；放弃”，符合题意。故用off。for

off

③Butallofusarecalled____________dailytomakeagreatmanypersonaldecisions.解析：句意：但是我们中的所有人每天都被要求做出许多个人决定。考查固定搭配。callupon/onsb.todosth.意为“号召/要求某人做某事”。④Angryownershavecalledonthegovernment_____________(build)seadefensestoprotecttheirhomes.解析：句意：愤怒的主人已经呼吁政府去建设海防来保卫他们的家乡。考查不定式。callonsb.todosth.意为“呼吁某人去做某事”。故用不定式作宾语。on/upon

tobuild

①Ateamofvolunteerssetabouttheworkwithdetermination.一组志愿者决心着手做这项工作。②Shesetaboutansweringlettersassoonasshearrivedattheoffice.她一到办公室就开始写回信。2．setabout(doingsth.)

开始(做)；着手(干某事)setout出发；启程setouttodosth.开始做某事setoff出发；动身；开始(旅行、赛跑等)setaside留出；拨出；对……不予考虑；(为某目的)节省或保留(钱或时间)setdown停下……；让……下车；记下；写下setup设置；创立；开办setoutfor＝setofffor＝leavefor出发到某地去setback阻碍某事物发展；把(钟表指针)往回拨setsth.off使(炸弹、地雷等)爆炸setsth.up摆放或竖起某物；创(体育)记录注意：setabout中about为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。①Thebombcouldbesetoffbytheslightesttouch.最轻微的碰撞都可能引爆这颗炸弹。②Let’ssetasidemypersonalfeelingsfornow.目前咱们就不要顾及我的个人感情了。③Hesetouttobreaktherecordforthechannelswim.他决心打破游过海峡的记录。单句语法填空①ResearchersfromOxfordsetout_____________(prove)whethertheclaimthatcoffeedrunkfromawhitecuptastesbitterwastrue.解析：句意：来自牛津大学的研究人员开始验证用白色杯子喝咖啡味道苦的断言是否是真的。考查不定式。setouttodosth.意为“开始做某事”。②In1271,NiccoloandMaffeoset_______againforAsia,thistimetakingMarcowiththem.解析：句意：在1271年，尼科罗和马费奥再次启程去亚洲，这次是带着马克与他们一起去的。考查固定搭配。setoff意为“启程；出发”，符合题意。toprove

off

up

doing

难点解析1．ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.我所做的第一件事就是看有没有什么产品可能帮助我，但是，看来只有一种毒死蛇的药粉。(1)本句为but连接的两个并列分句，其结构如下：(2)thereseemtobe是therebe句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。与there可以连用的谓语动词还有：begoingto,appearto,usedto,belikelyto,happento等。①Thereseemtobefewertouristsaroundthisyear.今年来访的旅游者似乎少了。②TherearegoingtobetwoEnglishpartiesnextweek.下周有两场英语晚会。③Thereusedtobeabridgeacrosstheriver.过去河上有座桥。therebe句型中的be有时还可以换成其他表示“有，存在”的词，如live，stand，lie，remain等。Therestandsaman­madehillnearthelake.在湖边有一座假山。Thereremainedinthevillageonlywomenandchildren.村子里只剩下妇女和儿童。完成句子①________________________notimeforplaynow.现在似乎没有时间玩了。②___________________________somemoneyinmypocket.我的口袋里碰巧有点儿钱。单句改错③Itremainsacertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueoftheproject._____________Thereseemstobe

Therehappenedtobe

It→There

whencooled的构成为：连词＋过去分词，相当于when引导的状语从句：whenitiscooled。这属于状语从句的省略现象，省略了从句的主语it和系动词is。注意：如果连词引导的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且包含be动词，则可以省略从句的主语或it和be动词，形成“连词＋分词/形容词”结构，原从句为主动结构时，分词为现在分词；原从句为被动结构时，分词为过去分词。2．Betweentheoutsideandtheinsidewallsofthebowlthereissomejelly,whichfreezeswhencooled.在碗的内壁和外壁都抹上果冻，这些果冻冷却后会冻结。①Whenwalkinginthestreet,Imetmyteacher.(＝WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet...)当我正在街上走的时候，我遇见了我的老师。②Theballwillhitothersifthrownoutofwindow(＝...ifitisthrownoutofwindow)．这球会打到其他人如果它被扔到窗外的话。③Ifnecessary,I’llgiveyoutheanswer.(＝Ifitisnecessary，I’llgiveyoutheanswer.)如果有必要，我会把答案给你们。单句语法填空①Itusuallyhappensas_____________(describe)above.②Ifproperly___________(treat),wastewilldonoharmtotheenvironment.完成句子③I’llhelpyou________________(如果可能的话)．④Makesomechanges____________________(在必要的地方)．⑤Don’tbeafraidofmakingmistakes___________________________(讲英语的时候)．described

treated

ifpossible

wherenecessary

whenspeakingEnglish

before作连词表示时间时，根据其在句中的实际情况，译法有多种，具体可译为：①在……之前WelivedinParisbeforemovingtoLondon.我们搬到伦敦之前住在巴黎。②……(之后)才……ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleepagain.很长一段时间之后我才重新入睡。3．ThenextmorningIgotupearlybeforethesunwashot.第二天早上，天还不太热，我就早早地起床了。③(不多久)就……Itwasn’tlongbeforeshecameback.不久她就回来了。④以免……Lockyourbikebeforeitgetsstolen.锁好你的自行车，以免被偷。⑤还没来得及……就……BeforeJohnstoppedher,sheranout.约翰还没来得及阻止她，她就跑了出去。翻译句子①还要再过五天我们才能完成这项任务。________________________________________________________________②不久就会有人来看你。________________________________________________________________③I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometimebeforeLucygetsback.________________________________________________________本句中but连接两个并列的动作freeze和place；as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。as在英语中起的作用很多，它可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、方式状语从句、定语从句等。当引导让步状语从句时意为“虽然，尽管”，须用倒装语序。4．ForthesecondattemptIfrozethebowlandtheice­cubesagainbutplacedthemoverthesnakes’shabitatintheevening,asthetemperaturewasstartingtocool.第二次试验时，我把碗和冰块再次冻好，但在傍晚气温开始下降的时候把它们放在蛇穴的上方。Ashegrewolder,hebecamelesspatient.他年龄越大变得越没有耐心。Aseverybodyishere，let’sbegin.既然大家都到了，咱们开始吧。YoungasIam(＝AlthoughI’myoung),Iknowalot.尽管我年龄小，我知道很多东西。when,while与aswhen表示“当……时”，引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以前后发生；动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。while表示“当……时”，一般与延续性动词连用，引导的从句强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。as表示“当……时候”时，和when/while可通用，但是as强调主句和从句的动作同时或几乎同时发生。Whentheearthquakebrokeout,allthestudentsweresleepingsoundly.当地震发生时，所有的学生正在熟睡。ThetelephonerangwhileIwastakingabath.我在洗澡时电话响了。Theytalkedastheywalkedalongtheriver.他们沿着河边走边谈。完成句子①事情就如你喜欢的那样。Itisjust_________________.②约翰一边工作一边唱歌。Johnsings_________________.③虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为太贵了。_________________________,Iwon’tbuy,forit’stooexpensive.asyoulike

asheworks

MuchasIlikeit

“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”位于句首时，句子须部分倒装。其结构为：①only＋介词短语(inthisway/underone’shelp等)＋助动词/情态动词＋主语。Onlyinthiswaycanyoumakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.只有用这种方法你才能改进操作系统。5．Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。②only＋连词(when/before/while/once/after等)引导的状语从句＋助动词/情态动词＋主语。Onlywhenhefinishestheworkcanhegohome.只有在做完工作之后，他才能回家。③only＋副词(then/now/here/there等)＋助动词/情态动词＋主语。OnlyrecentlyhaveIallowedmyselftothinkofthatagain.只有到了最近我才再次考虑这件事。注意：有时only虽置于句首，但如果修饰主语，句子则不需倒装。Onlyonethingcanmakehimchangehismind.只有一件事才能使他改变主意。补全句子①Onlyaftermyfriendcame________________________________(电脑才被修理了)．②Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked_____________________________(你才会被允许进入)．单句改错③OnlythenIunderstoodwhatshemeant._____________________________________④Onlywhendidhegethomedidherealizewhathadhappened._________________________willyoubeallowedin

Iunderstand→didIunderstand

didheget→hegot

以否定副词not，never,seldom,hardly,little,nowhere,scarcely,rarely,neither,nor开头的句子要用部分倒装语序。Nevercanyoupasstheexamifyoudon’tdevoteyourselftoyourst