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UNIT3
Memory1/54PartA_1_aLanguageFocusQuestionsforDiscussionWhatismemory?Howdoesitwork?Whatisyourearliestmemory?Howgoodisyourmemory?Areyougoodatrememberingdates,telephonenumbers,people’snames,factsforexams,booksorjokesyou’vereadandfilmsyou’veseen?HowimportantisagoodmemoryinlearningEnglish?Pre-listeningTask2/54PartA_1_bWhatmakesusremembercertainthingsbutforgetothers?Whatmethodsdoyouusetoremindyourselfofpastevents?Whatdolong-termmemoryandshort-termmemorymean?Howcanweimproveourmemory?LanguageFocusPre-listeningTask3/54PartA_1_demo_aLanguageFocusPre-listeningTask4/54PartA_1_demo_aLanguageFocusPre-listeningTask5/54PartA_2Pre-listeningTaskLanguageFocusHerearesomesentencesandstructuresthatyoumightfindusefulindiscussingtheabovequestions.Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse/theprocessbywhichpeoplestoreandretrieveinformation.I’vegotaphotographicmemory/haveamemorylikeasieve/haveabadmemoryfordates,names,telephonenumbers,etc.Itsuddenlyescapedmymind./It’sonthetipofmytongue./Ijustcan’tplaceit.6/54PartA_2LanguageFocusIfIremembercorrectly,Ithinkwe’vemetbefore.Herecitedthepoemfrommemory.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewell,agoodmemoryisamust/anadvantage.Everyonehasalong-termmemoryandashort-termmemory.Ashort-termmemoryistemporary,asitisstoredforaveryshorttimeinthebrain.Pre-listeningTask7/54PartA_2LanguageFocusShort-termmemoryissometimescalledworkingmemory,whichisamoregeneraltermforstorageoftemporaryinformation.Agoodmemoryissomethingyouwerebornwith/isbuiltupbyfrequentuse.People’smemoryfailsgraduallyastheygetolder.Memoryislikeamuscle-themoreitisused,thebetteritgets.Themoreitisneglected,theworseitgets.Pre-listeningTask8/54PartA_2LanguageFocusWhetheryoucanrememberthingswellornotdependsonthewayyoutrytorememberthem/howoftenyourecallthem.Don’ttrytomemorizeallthefacts,butfocusyourattentiononwhatyouconsidermoreimportant.Therearemanythingsyoucandotohelpyourecallpastevents,suchaskeepingadiary,buyingpostcards,takingphotosandmakingvideofilms.Tostimulateyourmemory,trytouseyourmemorytotheutmost.Pre-listeningTask9/54PartA_2LanguageFocusLearningnewskillscouldstimulateyourbrain/sharpenyourmemory.Itisimpossibletoconcentrateifyouaretenseornervous.Trytorelaxandyou’llrememberthings.Associatingfactswithimages/Visualizingimages/Seeingfigureswiththe“mind’seye”isaveryefficientwaytomemorizealargequantityofinformation.Tohaveagoodmemory,wemustallowthebraintohaveenoughsleepandrest.Pre-listeningTask10/54PartB_1_a_1recallmoveimageListeningTaskstocalltomind回想起anactoftakingachesspiecefromonesquareandputtingitonanother(棋子)一步,一着n.amentalpicture脑海中形象SpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotes11/54PartB_1_a_1adrenalineboostahormonedischargedbytheadrenalmedulla(肾上腺髓质)uponstimulationbythecentralnervoussysteminresponsetostressorfear,andactingtoincreaseheartrate,bloodpressure,etc.肾上腺素v.toimprove改进ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotes12/54PartB_1_a_1diverapartfromnowandagainapersonwhoworksunderwaterusingspecialbreathingequipment潜水员inadditionto;besides除……外occasionally;nowandthen时而ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotes13/54PartB_1_a_2Memoryiscriticaltohumans.Almostallofourdailyactivities-talking,reading,working,socializing-dependonourhavinglearnedandstoredinformationaboutourenvironment.Memoryallowsustoretrieveeventseventhoughtheyhappenedinthedistantpastandmakesitpossibleforustolearnnewskillsandtoformhabits.Withoutmemory,lifewouldbecomeaseriesofdisconnectedexperiences.Therearethreemajortypesofmemory:sensorymemory,whichistherecordingofinformationthroughListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotes1.Backgroundinformation14/54PartB_1_a_2oursensorysystem;short-termmemoryorworkingmemory,whichistemporarystoringofinformation;andlong-termmemory,whichreferstothestoringofinformationforalongerperiodoftime.Forshort-termmemorytobecomepermanent,itrequiresattention,repetitionandassociatedideas.Ifweareattentiveandareactivelyinvolvedinrememberingsomething,andabletorelateittootherideas,ourshort-termmemorywilldevelopintolong-termmemory.ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotes15/54PartB_1_a_22.…somepeople…injustthesamewayas…differentcoloreyes.
Thefactthatsomepeoplehaveabettermemoryisasnormalasthatsomepeoplearetallerorhavedifferentcoloreyes.Thecolorofhumaneyesvaries.Orientalsusuallyhavebrowneyes,whileEuropeansmayhaveblueorgrayisheyes.Somepeopleevenhavegreenisheyes,liketheheroineScarletO’HarainGonewiththeWind.ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotes16/54PartB_1_a_2agamefortwopeople,playedonachessboard.Eachplayerhas16pieces,includingaking.Youraimistomoveyourpiecessothatyouropponent’skingcannotavoidbeingtaken.Topchessplayers,suchastheRussianplayerVladimirKramnikwhoplayedagainstthecomputerDeepFritz,areknowntohaveexceptionallygoodmemories.ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotes3.chess17/54PartB_1_b_3ListeningTasks1.a.Learningaforeignlanguagedependsonagoodmemory. b.Noneofuscanlivewithoutmemory.c.Ourmemoriesaretrulyamazing.d.Howwellwerememberthingsisaffectedbyvariousfactors. SpeakingTasksListentothepassageandchoosetherightanswerstothequestionsyouhear.WordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotes18/54PartB_1_b_32.a.Apersonwithapoormemorylivesforeverinthepresent. b.Wewereeitherbornwithagoodmemoryornot.c.Humanbeingshavethepotentialtolearnaforeignlanguage. d.Illiteratepeopleusuallyhaveapoormemory. ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotes19/54PartB_1_b_33.a.Arevisittotheplacewhereyouhavelearnedsomethingcontributestomemory.b.Failingtounderstandafilmindicatesthebeginningofthelossofmemory.c.Topchessplayerstendtohavebettermemoriesthantherestofus.d.Peoplewhoaregoodatrememberingimagesarepooratrememberingnames. ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotes20/54PartB_1_b_34.a.Becausetheseeventsinvolvedanger.b.Becausetheseeventsrarelyhappentousandarelikelytostayinourmemorylonger.c.Becausetheseeventsproducechemicalsthathelpusrememberbetter.d.Becausetheseeventsproducechemicalsthatstimulateourimagination. ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotes21/54HowOurMemoryWorksFirstly,itisafactthatsomepeoplewerebornwithbettermemories.Secondly,differentthingsarekeptindifferentpartsofthebrain.Ideas,wordsandnumbersarestoredintheleft-handsideandimages,soundsandsmellsintheright-handside.
PartB_1_b_4Listentothepassageagainandfillinthefollowingblankswiththemissinginformation.ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise1Exercise2LanguageandCulturalNotes22/54PartB_1_b_4Thirdly,unusualexperiencescanproducechemicalssuchasadrenalineinourbodywhichcanboostmemory.
Fourthly,howwellweremembersomethingisalsoaffectedbythecontextinwhichwelearnaboutit.
Finally,themoreoftenyourecallamemory,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.Ifyoudon’t,you’llloseit.
ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise1Exercise2LanguageandCulturalNotes23/54PartB_1_a_scriptListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise1LanguageandCulturalNotesExercise224/54PartB_2_aA.Reflectionsonthetext
You’vejustheardapassageabouttheimportanceofmemory.Haveyoueverthoughthowimportantyourmemoryis?Andhaveyouevercomplainedthatyouhaveabadmemory?Exchangeviewswithyourpartner.Youmaymentionthefollowingpointsinyourdiscussion.theimportanceofmemoryfactorsinfluencinghowwellone’smemoryworkswaystoimproveone’smemoryListeningTasksSpeakingTasksPair
Work25/54PartB_2_b1ASampleItismentionedinthepassagethatexciting,frighteningordramaticeventstendtoleaveasharpimpressiononyourmemory.Whatisthemostunforgettableexperienceinyourlife?Describeittoyourpartner.ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksB.Describinganunforgettableexperience26/54PartB_2_b1Describeaneventthatwasexciting,joyful,orprofitable.
ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksNowusetheabovesampleasyourmodelanddescribeanunforgettableeventtoyourpartner.27/54PartB_2_b1-winningascholarship-beingawardedthefirstprizeinaspeechcontest-beingelectedchairmanofthestudentunionof
youruniversity-yourcollegehavingwonthefirstplaceinthe
IntercollegiateBasketballChampionshipListeningTasksSpeakingTasksBelowaresomeideasforyourconsiderationandsomewordsandexpressionsthatyoumightfindusefulinyourdescription.28/54PartB_2_b1-It’sincredible/mostfascinating/exhilarating/sensational/thrilling.-We’reallinhighspirits.-ontopoftheworld-beneficial/profitable-unforgettable/impressive-Howmarvelousitisto…-I’moverjoyedto…-Ican’tcontainmyselfforexcitement.-Ican’tbelieve…ListeningTasksSpeakingTasks29/54PartB_1_b_scriptListeningTasksSpeakingTasks30/54PartB_1_b_scriptListeningTasksSpeakingTasks31/54PartB_1_b_31.
a.Itisnotalwaystruethattheolderyouget,thelessyouremember.b.Memoryproblemsarenotreallyage-related.c.Aswegetolderourmemorymechanismisbrokend.Memorylossiscausedbylackofactivity.TestYourListeningListentothepassageandchoosetherightanswerstothequestionsyouhear.APassage32/54PartB_1_b_32.
a.Paymoreattentiontowhatwedo.b.Givesomemeaningtoeverythingwedo.c.Memorizelistsofitemsandwherewehaveputthem.d.Haveapurposeinwhatwedo.TestYourListening33/54PartB_1_b_33.
a.Sleeplesstokeepthebrainactive.b.Eatmorefoodcontainingglucose.c.Havemoregatheringswithfriends.d.Exercisemore.TestYourListening34/54PartB_1_b_scriptTestYourListening35/54PartD_1_a1MovieTimeTimetoTalkMovieExerciseAWordBankExerciseB36/54PartD_1_a2MovieTimeTimetoTalkMovieExerciseAWordBankExerciseB37/54PartD_1_b1plummetbasementintwoshakessuperthefiredepartmentlaserTic-Tacv.垂直落下n.地下层立刻n.管理员消防队v.激光除皱美国一个糖果品牌MovieTimeTimetoTalkMovieExerciseAWordBankExerciseB38/54PartD_1_c1.Whydidthemanmakethecallintheelevator?
A.Hehopedsomeonewouldcomeandopenthedoor.
B.Hewantedthereceivertocallforhelp.
MovieTimeTimetoTalkMovieExerciseAWordBankChoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.ExerciseBC.Heaskedthereceivertocometorepairtheelevator.D.Hewantedthereceivertocalltheirfamily.39/54PartD_1_c2.Whatisknownaboutthemaninthewhiteshirtandblackvest?
A.Hehadalreadybeenmarried.
B.Hewasregretfulofgettingmarried.
C.Hewasinlovewithsomeone.
D.Hewaspreparingforhiswedding.MovieTimeTimetoTalkMovieExerciseAWordBankExerciseB40/54PartD_1_cIfyouwereinthatelevator,listallthethingsyouwantedtodoafteryouwerereleased.MovieTimeTimetoTalkMovieExerciseAWordBankExerciseB41/54PartB_1_b_scriptMovieTimeTimetoTalkMovieExerciseAWordBankExerciseB42/54PartD_1_b1Lookatthesepic
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