词汇与语法第3讲(词汇-名词-代词-主谓一致)市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

词汇与语法

第3讲

名词&主谓一致第1页语法部分《考试纲领》对语法要求：名词、代词数和格组成及其使用方法动词基本时态、语态组成及其使用方法；形容词、副词比较级和最高级组成及其使用方法；惯用连接词、冠词词义及其使用方法；非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）组成及其使用方法；虚拟语气组成及其使用方法；各类从句组成及其使用方法；强调句型结构及其使用方法；惯用倒装句结构及其使用方法。

第2页重点语法及答题技巧点拨

名词、代词（第三讲）、冠词、连词、数词特殊使用方法主谓一致-(真题回顾)（第三讲）动词时态（第四讲）虚拟语气、倒装句（第五讲）、非谓语动词、强调句（第六讲）、从句、反义疑问句（第七讲）副词,介词(短语),动词短语比较级，最高级第3页对名词，代词考查主要包含：不可数名词量表示（P196）；名词全部格；反身代词，不定代词主谓一致（考查名词代词常与主谓一致相结合）MaryandLinda’sbookMary’sandLinda’sbooks.人名+’s=某人店铺，家庭，学校等地点。IusuallybuysomemeatattheJohnson’s.TheytookpartinthebirthdaypartyatTom’s.名词&代词第4页of全部格名词词组第二次出现时，用that/those代替。ThepopulationofNewYorkisgreaterthanthatofChicago.ItseemsthatthestudentsofUSAaremoreactivethanthoseofChina.用砖头建房子比用木头建坚固。名词&代词第5页练习Idon’tknow_____standingoverthere.thegirl’snameB.thename’sgirlthenameofthegirlD.thename’sofgirl2.Today’slibrariesdiffergreatfrom_______.thepastB.thoseofthepastC.thatarepastD.thosepast3.Thepoliceinvestigatethe______aboutthebankrobbery.A.stander-byB.standers-byC.stander-bysD.standers-bys名词&代词第6页真题回顾1.IrespectOprah’sopinion,butIwouldalsolikehertorespect____.A.myownB.mine’sC.mineD.me√√2.____isagreatpitythattherearesomedisagreementsintheschoolboardmeeting.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.There名词&代词第7页4.Thereare40teachersinthisschool,tenofwhomare_____.manteachersB.menteacherC.manteacherD.menteachers√名词&代词3.WelikeourEnglishteacherbecausesheoftentells______funnystoriesinclass.A.usB.ourC.weD.ours√第8页主谓一致

（考查名词代词常与主谓一致相结合）第9页１．两个或两个以上做主语单数名词用and连接，谓语用复数．TomandDick_______(be)goodfriends.但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。Asingeranddancer______(be)presentattheparty.Theworkerandwriter___(be)talkingtothestudents.arewasis第10页2．用and连接两个名词若被no,each,every,manya修饰，则谓语动词用单数。Nobirdandnobeast______(be)seeninthebareisland.Manyaboyandmanyagirl______(have)madesuchafunnyexperiment.AtChristmaseachboyandeachgirl_____(be)givenapresent.ishasis第11页3.两个主语由notonly…butalso,or,either…or,neither…nor等连接时，谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致．EitherheorI_____(be)togothere.______(be)eitheryouorhegoingtoattendthemeeting?amAre第12页4.主语后有aswellas,like,with,togetherwith,but,except,besides,等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致．Aprofessor,togetherwithsomestudents,_____(be)senttohelpinthework.Noonebuttheteachers_____(be)allowedtousetheroom.wasis第13页5．一些集合名词做主语，假如看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；假如指其中组员，谓语用复数．如audience,committee，class,crew,family,government,public等.但people,police等只能用复数．Myfamily_____(be)abigfamily.Myfamily_____(be)listeningtotheradio.Thepolice____(be)tryingtocatchthethief.isareare第14页6．表示时间、重量、长度等名词，尽管是复数形式，但作为一个整体看，谓语还是用单数。Fiveminutes____(be)enough.Onedollarandseventyeightcents__(be)whatshehas.isis第15页7.all作为主语，代表人物时，普通用作复数；代表整个事件或情况时，普通看作单数。AllthatIwant_____(be)agooddictionary.All______(be)silent.人人都缄口无言。万籁俱寂。All______(be)outofdanger.iswere/arewere/are第16页8．形容词加定冠词the表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。Whatalifethepoor____(be)living!Theyoung___(be)happytogivetheirseatstotheold.wereare第17页9．who,which,that作定语从句主语时，其谓语取决于先行词。Thosewhowanttogoshouldsignyournameshere.Heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.第18页10.以-ics结尾学科名称通常作单数.physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)等第19页还有一些以-s接单、复数同形名词，如:headquarters(总部),means(方法、伎俩),series(系列),species(种类),works(工厂)等，随即动词单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数，还是用作复数。Aheadquarterswassetuptodirecttheoperation(指挥作战).Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms(诉诸武力).第20页12.假如作主语名词词组由“分数(或百分数)+of-词组”组成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。Oversixtypercentofthecity____(be)destroyedinthewar.Thirty-fivepercentofthedoctors______(be)women.waswere第21页13.假如主语是allof...,someof...,noneof...,halfof...,mostof...等表示非确定数量名词词组，其后动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。比如：Mostofthemoney_____recoveredbyDeputyPlayer.Mostofthemembers______there.Allofthecargo______lost.Allofthecrew______saved.waswerewaswere第22页14.假如主语是由“akind/sort/typeof,thiskind/sort/typeof+名词”组成，动词用单数。Thiskindofmanannoysme.但若在kind/sort/type之前限定词是these/those,同时，of-词组中名词又是复数，则动词用复数：Thesekindsofmenannoyme.Thosetypes/sortsofmachinesareuptodate(最新，最近，当代).第23页15.1)由who,why,how,whether等wh-词引导名词性分句作主语，其后动词通惯用单数。WhowillbechosentotheBeijing

is

notdecided.2).两个由and连接并列名词性分句作主语，假如主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。比如：Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforit

remainamysterytous.第24页主谓一致真题回顾1.Theeducatorandscholar

fromShanghai.（年真题）A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming2.Manya____realizedthatthisdoesn’tmakeanysense.（年真题）A.personshasB.personshaveC.personhasD.personhave第25页3.Whattheysaid_____usmuchtothinkabout.（年真题）A.haveleftB.hasleftC.isleftD.areleft4.Adoctor,alongwithagroupofyoungnurses,__goingtodemonstratetheheartoperationprocess.（年真题）A.isB.areC.willD.shall

第26页5.Neitheroftheemployeesnortheboss____satisfiedwiththeprofits.（年真题）A.were B.wasC.be D.been6.Thecomputer,workingveryfast,___dataatthespeedoflight.（年真题）handlesB.handlingC.HandledD.hashandled7.Inthefallthecattle

fromthehighcountrybackdowntothefarm.（年真题）isdrivenB.aredrivenC.drivesD.drive第27页8.Whenandwheretoholdthemeeting______notdecidedyet.（年真题）isB.areC.hasD.have9.Aftercarefulinvestigationwefindthatoneofthestatements_______tobeuntrue.（年真题）A.isturnedoutB.havebeenturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.haveturnedout10.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren______astronginfluenceonthecharacteroftheirchildren.（年真题）A.haveB.hasC.havingD.had第28页第29页第30页1.the+adj.theunemployedthepoor/richthequestionedthestruggledthedisadvantagedtheinjuredTheinjuredweretakentohospitalfortreatment.theoldtheyoungThedisadvantaged,includingthedisabledandtheelderlyneedmorecareandsupportfromthesociety.冠词第31页2.零冠词使用专有名词：TiananmenSquare节假日:NewYear’sDay,Mayday,Christmas,AprilFools’Day(中秋，端午例外)杂志：NewsWeek,Times,Reader’sDigest一年四季:spring,summer,fall/autumn,winter冠词第32页3.固定搭配及与冠词相关表示使用定冠词表示bythewayintheendinthefaceofinthefutureintheworld终究，到底intheleast丝毫，一点Idon’tthinkyouneedtoworryintheleast.我认为你一点都不用担心。ontheaverageonthecontraryontheonehand,ontheotherhandonthespot当场，在现场onthewhole总来说冠词第33页thedaybeforeyesterdayforthetimebeingatthecostof以。。。为代价Moreandmorecountriesaredevelopingtheirindustriesatthecostofenvironment.totheextentof到。。。程度tellthetruth冠词第34页使用不定冠词表示asamatteroffact,asarule,haveachance,haveagoodtime,haveasay,haveatry,keepaneyeon,onalargescale,inahurry,takeawalk,takeaninterestin不使用冠词表示atnoon/night/dawn,infrontof,atbottom,inorder,inpublic/private/danger/trouble/advance/sight/infashion,infact,athand,atlast,atpresent,dayandnight,ontopof,takepartin,takeplace冠词第35页真题回顾Themotheraskedtheboystoput____everythingin____orderbeforetheylefttheroom.(10)A.the,aB.an,theC./,aD./,/√冠词第36页连词重点点拨一、连词属于虚词之一，它不能在句子里独立地担任句子成份，而只能起连接作用——连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。比如：Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?（连接词与词）您是品茗，还是喝咖啡？Dowehaveourmeetinginthemorningorintheafternoon?（连接短语与短语）我们是早晨开会，还是下午开会？Doitcarefully,oryou’llmakesomemistake.（连接句子与句子）认真地干，不然会出差错。连词第37页二、连词主要可分成两类：①并列连词:用来连接平行对等（即互不隶属）词、词组、或分句。按其表示不一样意思有下面几个：1）表示转折意思but,yet,however,nevertheless2）表示因果关系for,so,therefore,hence3）表示并列关系and,or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also),both…and,aswellas连词第38页②隶属连词:是用来引发从句，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。详细地说，隶属连词主要引发名词从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）和状语从句，不会引发定语从句。1.引发名词从句连词：that,whether,if2.引发状语从句连词：1）时间状语从句：when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,eversince,once,assoonas,everytime,themoment,instantly,directly2）地点状语从句：where,wherever3）原因状语从句：as,because,since,seeing(that),considering(that),nowthat,notthat…butthat4）目标状语从句：that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase连词第39页5）结果状语从句：that,so…that,such…that6）条件状语从句：if,unless,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)7）让步状语从句：though,although,nomatter,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever8）比较状语从句：than,as9）方式状语从句：as,asif,asthough连词第40页真题回顾Westoredupsomefoodandwater____thingsgotworse.(08)eventhoughB.whatifC.nowthatD.incase√√2.Weshouldlearnfromthislessonandconsiderthelong-terminfluenceofdams_______theshort-termbenefits.(08)ratherthanB.owingtoC.becauseofD.orelse连词第41页3.Herhairwasgoldenwhenshewasachild,butitwentdarker_____shegrewup.(08)A.IfB.asC.sinceD.even√√4.Calltheuniversityoperator,____youwillfindthephonenumberofProfessorSmith.(08)A.SoB.andC.whenD.before连词第42页5._____itsgoodperformance,themachineistooexpensive.(09)BesidesB.ExceptforC.InspiteofD.Apartfrom√6.Youmaywriteane-mailtomeorjustphoneme._____willdo.(09)A.EachB.EitherC.NeitherD.None√连词第43页7.Doyoulikepopmusicorcountrymusic?_____.Ionlylikesports.(10)A.EachB.EitherC.NeitherD.Both√Itwasalreadyteno’clockintheevening_______wearrivedatthehotel.(10)A.sinceB.whileC.thatD.when√9._______achangeofweather,pleasetakethecoatwithyou.(11)BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor√第44页写作中惯用过渡词能够分为以下几类：（1）表并列关系过渡词：

and,also，aswell,aswellas，or,too,notonly…butalso,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。

（2）表递进关系过渡词：

besides,inaddition（加之，除……之外）,moreover(另外，而且),what’smore，what’sworse等。（3）表转折对比过渡词：

but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,differentfrom,despite,inspiteof,whereas,unlike,notonly…butalso,theformer…thelatter,thefirst…whereasthesecond,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,some…others等。

第45页（4）表原因过渡词：

because,becauseof,since,as,for,nowthat,thanksto,dueto,forthisreason,owingto,

consideringthat,seeingthat等。

（5）表结果过渡词：

so,thus,therefore,asaresult,sothat,then,hence,so…that,such…that,accordingly等。（6）表条件过渡词：

if,unless,onconditionthat,as/solongas等。第46页（7）表时间过渡词：

when,while,after,before,until,assoonas,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,fromthenon,eventually,inthemeantime,then,suddenly,atthesametime,next,earlythismorning/year/century,afterawhile,inafewdays,now,presently,finally,atlast,allofasudden,formnowon,atpresent,immediately,themoment等。

（8）表特定次序关系过渡词：

first,firstly,second,secondly,third,thirdly,aboveall,firstofall,then,next,finally,intheend,atlast,afterwards（以后）,meanwhile（几乎同时）,thereafter（在那以后）,last,finally,eventually（终于）等。

第47页（9）表换一个方式表示过渡词：

inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway等。（10）表进行举例说明过渡词：

forinstance,forexample,take…asanexample,namely,suchas,like,inotherwords,thatistosay,thatis等。（11）表陈说事实过渡词：

infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth等。（12）表强调过渡词：

certainly,indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant,infact,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,ofcourse,actually,asamatteroffact,chiefly,especially,primarily,inparticular,undoubtedly,absolutely等。

第48页（13）表比较、对比过渡词：

like,unlike,inthesameway,similarly,besimilarto,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ononehand…,ontheotherhand,otherwise等。（14）表目标过渡词：

forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto等。（15）表总结过渡词：

inaword(总之，简言之),ingeneral,inshort(总之),generallyspeaking,tosumup,finally,inconclusioninsummary,onthewhole等。

（16）表增补过渡词：inaddition,furthermore,besides,moreover,what’smore等。

第49页数词主关键点拨第50页一、基数词及其主要使用方法：表示数目标词称基数词。15fifteen242twohundredandforty-two，5058fivethousandandfifty-eight，9,600,000ninemillionsixhundredthousand数词第51页1.基数词能够用于数字计算。6+8=14Sixpluseightisfourteen.9-7=2Nineminussevenistwo.7X5=35Seventimesfiveisthirty-five.8÷4=2Eightdividedbyfouristwo.2．基数词能够表示人大致年纪和年代。Hediedinhisfifties.Thistookplacein1990s/1990's.Theprofessorbecamesuccessfulinhisthirties.数词第52页3．基数词能够用来表示年份、时间、电话号码。1700seventeenhundred1814eighteenfourteen9:20ninetwenty11:30eleventhirty/halfpasteleven5:45fiveforty-five/aquartertosix4．基数词能够用于编号。Numbersix,line4,page19,Bus(No.)332,Platform(No.)5,Room101数词第53页5．基数词能够和其它词一起组成合成形容词，在句子中作定语。Aone-month-oldbabycanrecognizeitsmotherbysmell.Thiseleven-month-oldbabycanspeakafewwords.(Thebabyiselevenmonthsold.)Theteacheraskedustowriteafour-thousand-wordessayasourhomework.(Therearefour