unit-3-A-crime-of-compassion市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

Unit3ACrimeofCompassion1/581.Ifyouhaveeverwitnessedthesufferingsofadyingperson,tellusthefeelingsthatthesceneevokedfromyou.2.Doyouthinkdoctorsandnursesshoulddoeverythingwithintheirmeanstotrytosaveaterminallyillpatientevenwhentheyknowclearlyalltheireffortswouldmeannothingmorethanprolonginghissuffering?2/58TopicforDiscussionEuthanasia[ju:θə′neɪziə]

,ormercykilling,isoneofthemostcontroversialissuesintheworld.Somepeoplemaintainthatoneisentitledtochoosewhentodieandhowtodie;someotherpeopleholdthatthelegalizationofeuthanasiamightposedangersforsociety,foritmightbeusedasapretextformurdering.Discussthemainideasofeitherpartyandpresentyourownview.3/584/58ArgumentativeNarrationWhatIsArgumentativeNarration

Ifanessayis

basicallyanargumentative

oneandthe

chiefmeans

usedforargumentationis

narration,itiscalledargumentativenarration.TextAnalysis

HuttmannbeginstheessaywiththeincidentthattheTVaudiencelodgedstrongaccusationsagainstherformurderingapatientshewassupposedtocarefor.Butherresponsedoesnotfollowimmediately.5/58Shewithholdsherresponsetotheaccusationuntilthelastparagraph,wheretheaudience'saccusationofherismentionedagain,andherargumentispresented.

Mostoftheessayisdevotedtothenarrationofthepainfuldyingprocessofaterminallyillcancerpatient,whichshewitnessed.Basedonthenarratedincidentherargumentseemsonlyanaturalconclusion.6/587/58Thereseemstobeacontradictioninthetitle"ACrimeofCompassion".Whatisit?

Therearevariouskindsofcrimes,butcriminalscanbeanythingbutcompassionate.Itishardlypossibletoassociatecompassionwithanycrimeandbeingcompassionatewithacriminal.8/58toplayGodtofunctionasGod,i.e.todecidewhentoterminateaperson'slife.ChristiansbelievethatonlyGodhastherighttodecidewhenaperson'slifeshouldend.9/581.Huttmannbeginsheressaywithametaphor.Locateitandthenexplainit.(para.3)

Thefirstsentenceofpara.3:ItwasthePhilDonahueshowwheretheguestisafattedcalfandtheaudiencea200-strongflockofvultureshungeringtopickatthebones.

Huttmannlikensherself(theguestofthetalkshow)toafattedcalf,andtheaudiencetoaflockofmorethan200vultureshungeringtopickatthebones.WiththemetaphorsheintendstotellthereaderthatthewayshehandledthecaseofMacwasstronglydisapprovedofbythegeneralpublic,andthatthe

conceptofmercykillingwasunacceptabletothem.10/58Para.4“Otherwise,hefeltgreat.”Hehadnothingwrongbutsomecoughing.Para.5“withoutevergivingdeathathought.”NoneofushadeverthoughtthatMacwoulddie.11/58Sixmonthsisn'tsuchalongtimeinthewholeschemeofthings,butitwaslongenoughtoseehimlosehisyouth,

hiswit,hismacho,hishair,hisbowelandbladdercontrol,hissenseoftasteandsmell,andhisabilitytodotheslightestthingforhimself.

Paraphrasing:Sixmonthsshouldn’tbeconsideredalongperiodoftime,butsixmonthsisanunbearablylongpassageoftimewhenwehadtoseehimgraduallyreducedfromastrongandintelligentyoungguytoahelplessanddisabledman.在万物发展过程中，六个月并不长，但长得足以目睹他失去那么多东西：年轻身体、灵活头脑、强壮体魄、头发、控制大小便能力、味觉和嗅觉、还有一丁点儿自理能力。

12/58WhenMachadwastedawaytoa60-poundskeletonWhenMachadbeenreducedtoa60-poundskeletonwasteaway(ofapersonorapartofthebody)becomeprogressivelyweakerandmoreemaciatede.g.SheisdyingofAIDS,visiblywastingaway.Hebecameillandbegantowasteaway.

13/58i.v.solutions"i.v."istheabbreviationof"intravenous",meaning"withinavein",and"i.v.solutions"referstotheliquidsubstancesinfuseddirectlyintotheveinofapatientfortherapeuticpurposes.14/58Para.6“WhenMachadwastedawaytoasixty-poundskeletonkeptalivebyliquidfoodwepoureddownatube,I.V.solutionswedrippedintohisveins,andoxygenwepipedtoamaskonhisface,hebeggedus:‘Mercy…forGod’ssake,pleasejustletmego.”Sufferingthedisease,Macwasmuchweakerthanbeforewhocannotlivewithouttheinstrumentsormedicalsubstances.Thetreatmentitselfisatorturealso.Maccouldnotbeartheagonyanymoreandpleadedfordeath.15/58worktheirmiracles:resuscitatethepatientwhohasstoppedbreathing,makethepatientwhoalmostdiesaliveagain.It’samiracleprocess.16/58irrigatethebigcratersofbedsoresTheverb"irrigate"normallymeans"tosupplywatertolandorcropstohelpgrowth."Inmedicine,thewordcanbeusedtomean"toapplyacontinuousflowofwaterormedicationtoanorganorawound."17/58suctionthelungfluidsthatthreatenedtodrownhimdraintheexcessivelungfluidsthatthreatenhislife18/58WhereintheessaycanwefinddescriptionsofMac'sconditionwhenhewasbeingtreated?WhydoyouthinkHuttmannisbeingsospecificanddetailed?(paras.6&7)

Mostlyinpara.6,andthelatterpartofpara.7.ShegivessuchdetailedandspecificdescriptionsofMac'sconditiontomakevividtothereaderthehorrifyingsufferingsMachadtoendure,ultimatelytosupportherargumentthatapatientinsuchconditionshouldbegiventherighttodieifheshouldsorequest.19/58Para7当他第一次停顿呼吸时，护士按动按钮去呼叫遍布整个医院紧抢救命，然后派遣医疗小组赶去抢救这个病人。每次他停顿呼吸，有时一天会有两三次，医疗小队又会过来抢救他。医生和技术人员创造着他们奇迹然后离开。护士们会继续留在那里擦拭着从病人嘴里流出来唾液，冲洗掉充满他臀部因为褥疮而产生点点，抽吸掉几乎要把他淹死肺部液体，清理掉那些像碱液一样会燃烧他皮肤粪便，把营养液注入他胃部管道，把枕头放在他膝盖中间去减轻骨头与骨头碰触疼痛，每隔两个小时要换掉他病服以防被汗水浸湿。20/58thatseemedwovenintothefabricofmyuniformthatseemedtohavebecomeanelementofthefabricofmyuniformweavesth.intoincludesth.asanintegralpartorelement(ofafabric);includeanelementinastory,anartisticwork,etc.Somegoldenthreadsarewovenintothefabric.ArgumentativeparagraphsarenaturallywovenintoHuttmann'snarration.21/58AndeverynightIprayedthatMacwoulddie,thathisagonizedeyeswouldneveragainpleadwithmetolethimdie.

Paraphrasing:EverynightIspoketoGod,wishingthatHecouldletMacgopeacefullysothathewouldnolongerlookatmesopainfully,beggingmenottolethimsufferanymore.22/58tobeliablefornegligencetobeheldresponsibleforfailingtoperformmydutybeliablefortoberesponsibleforbylaw,tobelegallyanswerabletobeliabletobelikelytodoortobesomething,likelytoexperiencesth.(unpleasant)e.g.Onceyouhavecontactedthecreditcardprotectionscheme,youarenolongerliableforanylossthatmightoccur.Heissufferingfromhypertension(高血压)

andthusisliable

tofallifhegetsuptoosuddenly.Thelow-lyingareasareliabletofloodsduringtherainyseason.23/58Tonotdoitis

tobeliablefornegligence,atleastintheeyesofmanypeople,includingsomenurses.

Paraphrasing:Ifwefailorrefusetoresuscitatehim,wearelikelytobesuedforcriminalnegligence,andatleastmanypeople,includingsomeofournurses,believethatweshouldbethuspunishedbylaw.24/588.晚上我回到家试图擦洗掉已经渗透到我工作服腐烂肉味道。它在我头发里，在我汽车座位垫子里——洗也洗不掉。天天晚上我请求着他万分痛苦双眼不要再哀求我让他死去。9.天天早上我都去向医生请求一个不再紧急治疗命令。没有那个命令话，我们就不得不去抢救每个已经停顿了呼吸病人。他（Mac)医生就是其中一个相信只要有方法和知识去抢救病人，就一定要延长他们生命。不这么做就等于要对自己疏忽负责任，最起码在有些人眼里，这也包含一些护士。我想着假如Mac停顿了呼吸而我没有按动那个救援按钮，那么当我被控告作为一个杀人者，站在法官面前时，这一切会变得怎么样。25/58whennoamountofpainmedicationstilledhismoaningandagonywhenhispainwassoacutethatnomatterhowmuchpain-relievingmedicationwasused,hissufferingcouldnotbeeasedstillvt.&vi.e.g.Heclappedhishandstostilltheagitatedaudience.Whennightfell,thevillagewhichwasboisterous(喧闹)withtouristsinthedaytimestilled.26/58Iwonderedaboutaspiritualjudge.Iwonderediftherewasaspiritualjudge(asagainstalegaljudge),whowouldbesupportiveofmydecisionnottopushthecodebluebutton,thustoputanendtoallthis.27/58“Wasallthismiseryandsufferingsupposedtobebuildingcharacterorinfusingusallwiththesenseofhumilitythatcomesformimpotence?”DoesGodinflictallthismiseryandsufferingonusinordertobuildourcharacterorletuslearnhumilitybyknowingthatwearesotinythatwecannotrivalwiththedestiny?buildingcharacterdevelopinghispersonalqualities(sothathecouldfaceuptotheadversitybetter)28/5810.在抢救Mac52次后，当他头脑还足够清醒时，他再一次向我请求死亡，Maura也在我怀里瓦解了，当不论再多止痛药也无法停顿他呻吟和痛苦时，我在思索着一个精神审判。是不是全部痛苦都应该被拿去塑造个性或者使我们充满因为我们无能为力而带来所谓谦逊感。29/58self-righteousadj.havingacertainty,especiallyanunfoundedone,thatoneistotallycorrectorsuperiorHeiscriticalofthemonks,whomheconsidersnarrow-mindedandself-righteous.他对僧侣们颇有微词，认为他们思想偏狭，自视清高。30/58meddleininterfereine.g.Youngpeopletodaydonotliketheirparentstomeddleintheirlives.meddlewithtouchorhandlesth.withoutpermissione.g.Youcanusemyroombutyou'renotsupposedtomeddlewithmystuffs,especiallymycomputer.31/5811.我们相信着只要经过科学就能救人错误观念，我们，整个医学界，是否已经变得太自大了？认为插手上帝工作也是我们责任，道德律令及法律义务，我们是否已经变得过于自认为是？我们真相信我们有这个权利去强制一个十分痛苦并哀求能有权利死去人继续活下去吗？/////我们全部医务人员是否变得如此高傲，真会相信科学伎俩能拯救生命这么妄想？我们是否变得如此自认为是，把勇于上帝工作当做是我们天职、我们道德责任、我们法律义务？我们莫非真相信我们有权把“生命”强加给一个痛不欲生、哀求给他死权利病人？32/58theblessedreliefofcomaComa

referstoastateofdeepunconsciousnessthatlastsforaprolongedperiod,causedespeciallybysevereinjuryorillness.Wheninacoma,thepatientisnotconsciousofanypain.That'swhyHuttmannthinksitisablessedrelief.“Ithoughtheatlasthadtheblessedreliefofcoma.”Comaisarelieftohimwhichismuchbetterthantheclearfeelingofpain.Thenarratorthoughthehadcomabecausehewasstillforsolong.33/58riddledmewithguiltfilledmewithastrongsenseofguiltTheverb

riddle

heremeans"fillorpermeatesb.orsth.esp.withsth.unpleasantorundesirable".34/58AclutchofpanicbandedmychestIwassoseizedbypanicthatIfeltsimplysuffocatedclutchn.graspbandv.surround(anobject)withsth.intheformofastriporring,typicallyforreinforcementordecoration(usu.bebanded

)e.g.Thedoorstothewarehouseareallbandedwithirontomakethemstronger.35/58Aclutchofpanicbandedmychest,drewmyfingertothecodebutton,urgedmetodosomething,anything.”Thenursewasnotcold-bloodedasthepublicthought.TheoriginalpanicandtherespectoflifedrovehertodosomethingoranythingratherthantostandaroundtoseeMacdie.36/58awaxenpallorslowlytransformedhisfacefrompersontoemptyshelltheunhealthilypalecolourofhisfaceindicatedthathewassinkingNothingI'veeverdoneinmy47yearshastakensomucheffortasittook

not

topressthatcodebutton.

Paraphrasing:ItisthetoughestdecisionIhaveeverhadtomakeinthe47yearsofmylifethatIshallnotpressthebuttonthistimetosummonthecodeteam.37/581.WasitadifficultdecisionforHuttmanntomakenottopushthebuttonintime?(para.15)

Obviouslyitwas,assherelatesinpara.15"NothingI'veeverdoneinmy47yearshastakensomucheffortasittook

not

topressthatcodebutton."38/58thelegaltwilightzoneTwilightzone

referstoasituationofconfusionoruncertainty,whichseemstoexistbetweentwodifferentstatesorcategories.ThusthelegaltwilightzoneHuttmannsayssheenteredherereferstothesituationinwhichheractionofpushingthebuttontocallcodebluecanbedeemedeitherlegalornotlegal.39/58Cradlingherinmyarmswaslikecradlingmyself,Mac,andallthosepatientsandnurseswhohadbeeninthisplacebefore,whodothebesttheycaninadeath-denyingsociety.译文：怀里搂着她，就像是搂着我自己、迈克、还有每一个曾经在这里病人和护士。这些人以最大努力生存在一个否定死亡社会中。adeath-denyingsocietyasocietywhereitsmembersarenotgiventherighttodie40/58Untilthereislegislationmakingitacriminalacttocodeapatientwhohasrequestedtherighttodie…Untilitbecomeslawthatitisacriminalacttocallaresuscitationteamtosaveapatientwhohasvoluntarilyaskedfortherighttodie

…WewillallexperiencethesameasMacdidunlessanewlawisadopted,stipulatingthatitshallconstituteacrimetotrytobringbacklifetoapatientwhoisperfectlyjustifiedtoclaimtherighttoendhislife.41/581.WheredoesHuttmannstateherthesis?(para.18)

Inthelastparagraph:Untilthereislegislationmakingitacriminalacttocodeapatientwhohasrequestedtherighttodie,wewillallofusriskthesamefateasMac.Forwhateverreason,wedevelopedthemeanstoprolonglife,andnowweareforcedtouseit.Wedonothavetherighttodie.42/5843/581.InthePhilDonahueShowHuttmannasaguestwasaccusedofmurderbymost,ifnotall,oftheaudiencewithregardtoMac'sdeath.PutyourselfinHuttmann'spositionandgiveatalktodefendyourself.2.ThirtyyearsafterthepublicationofHuttmann'sessay,euthanasiaisstillanunsettledissueintoday'sworld.Formtwogroups,oneforlegitimizingeuthanasiaandtheotheragainstit,andhaveadebateontheissue.44/5845/58BodyParagraphsPurposeofBodyParagraphs

The

ideas,facts,details,andexamples

enclosedinthebodyparagraphsaredesignedtosupportanddevelopthecentralpointstatedintheopening.Thebodyparagraphsinanessaymayvaryinnumberdependingonthesubjectmatterandthepurposeforwriting.Whilethebodyparagraphs

relatedirectlytothethesisstatementintheopening,eachparagraphhasitsownmainideatohighlightandinformationtosupportthatmainidea.46/58StrategiesofWritingBodyParagraphs

Essaysemployanumberofrhetoricalstrategies,eachofwhich

describesaparticularformofdevelopmentorarrangementofideas.Onlyrarelyisanyoneofthesestrategiesemployedalone.Instead,theyarealmostalwaysusedinacombinationsuitedtothesubjectmatter—oftenalongwithoneoranotheroftheprimarymodesofdiscourseaswell.

Remember,theaimofanessayisinvariablyaclearpresentationorexplanationofideas.Youmaybaseyourchoiceofastrategyorstrategiesuponseveralfactors:

yourwritingpurpose,thecentralpointofyouressay,yourintendedaudience,andyourviewpointasawriter.47/58Example

Anessayofmultipleparagraphsmakesitpossibleforyouto

decideflexiblyhowtoapplyandblendstrategieswhenyouwriteanessay.Forexample,supposeyouwantedtocomparelifeinalargecitywiththatinasmalltown.Inonlyasingleparagraph,youwouldhavetofocusonafewmajorsimilaritiesanddifferencesandcoverthesebriefly.

However,inanessay,youmightevendevoteanentirebodyparagraphtosimilaritiesandanother,differences.Youmightevendevoteathirdtoanotherstrategy—drawingananalogy,forinstance,orrelatingananecdote.48/58GuidelinesforChoosingBodyParagraphStrategies

Whenyouwriteanessay,youcancombinestrategiestosuityourpurpose,contentandaudience.Usethefollowingguidelinesto

chooseastrategyorcombinationofstrategieswisely.Consideryourwritingpurpose.Certainstrategiesareespeciallyappropriateforaccomplishingparticularpurposes.Forexample,forinformativeorpersuasiveessays,factsandexamplescansupportyourideasandacompare/contrastorcause/effectstrategycanhelpexplainthem.Foradescriptiveessay,youwillwanttousedescription,perhapsincombinationwithanalogy.Considerthecomplexityofyourideasandinformationandtheknowledgelevelofyouraudience.Examplesanddefinitionshelptoclarifydifficultcontent.Classification,too,canmakecomplicatedcontenteasiertofollow.Ananalogycanbehelpfulaslongastheanalogyisclear

andsound.49/58Stayfocusedonyourcentralpoint.Strategiesshouldhelptoconveythecentralpointofanessaywithoutdistractingreaders.Forexample,narrationcaneffectivelyrevealaspectsofsomeone'spersonality,ifyouchoosearelevantstoryoranecdote.However,ifthecentralpointofyouressayishowkindheartedyourcousinis,then,storiesoranecdotesshouldreflectthistrait.Ananecdotethatdealswith,say,yourcousin'sloveofmusicwillblurthefocusofyouressayatthispoint.Putyourselfinthereader'splace.Ifyouarenotsurewhetherthestrategyorstrategiesyouhavechosenarethe"best"touse,trytoviewyourcontentasareader

ratherthanasawriter.Suppose,forexample,youareplanninganessaytopersuadereadersthatcollegecoursesshouldbegradedonapass/failbasis.Whatapproachwouldbemostlikelytoconvinceareader?Factsandexamples?Ananalogy?Someotherstrategy?Viewingmattersfromthereader'svantagepointmayhelpyouchooseyourapproach.50/58Beflexible.Makeyourwritingricherandmoreexpressivebyexperimentingwithdifferentstrategiesanddifferentcombinationsofstrategies.Forexample,inaninformativeessayabouthowexerciseimprovesmuscletoneeveninelderlypeople,youmightusenarrationtotellaboutaspecificelderlyperson'simprovedstrengthafterbeginninganexerciseprogram.CoherenceinBodyParagraphs

Coherenceinanessaycanbecreatedbycarefullyorganizingmainideasandsupportinginformationinthebodyparagraphs.Methodsoforganizationincludechronologicalorder,spatialorder,andorderofimportanceorinterest.Youcanalsocreatecoherenceinanessaybyusingtransitionstojoinideasandinformationtocreateasmoothflow.51/5852/581.Sixmonthsshouldn’tbeconsideredalongperiodoftime,butsixmonthsisanunbearablylongpassageoftimewhenwehadtoseehimgraduallyreducedfromastrongandintelligentyoungguytoahelplessanddisabledman.2.EverynightIspoketoGod,wishingthatHecouldletMacgopeacefullysothathewouldnolongerlookatmesopainfully,beggingmenottolethimsufferanymore.3.Ifwefailorrefusetoresuscitatehim,wearelikelytobesuedforcriminalnegligence,andatleastmanypeople,includingsomeofournurses,believethatweshouldbethuspunishedbylaw.4.ItisthetoughestdecisionIhaveeverhadtomakeinthe47yearsofmylifethatIshallnotpressthebuttonthistimetosummonthecodeteam.5.WewillallexperiencethesameasMacdidunlessanewlawisadopted,stipulatingthatitshallconstituteacrimetotrytobringbacklifetoapatientwhoisperfectlyjustifiedtoclaimtherighttoendhislife.53/581.AcharacteristictheseRussiancomposersshareisthattheircompositionsareinfusedwithRussianfolkmusicelements.2.Theparentsofthekidnappedchild,agreeingtopaytheransomthekidnappersaskedfor,pleadedwiththemnottohurttheirlittlegi