2023-2024学年山东省济南市高一（上）月考英语试卷

2023-2024学年山东省济南市高一（上）月考英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分7.5分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．（1.5分）HowwillthewomangotoLaura'shouse？A.Bybike.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.2．（1.5分）HowdoesHelenprobablyfeelnow？A.Excited.B.Terrible.C.Relaxed.3．（1.5分）Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo？A.Learnalanguage.B.Playasport.C.Takeanartlesson.4．（1.5分）Wherewillthespeakersmeetthisafternoon？A.Atthecinema.B.Atthesportscenter.C.Atthetrainstation.5．（1.5分）Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout？A.Anewspaper.B.Awebsite.C.Anewsreport.第二节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。6．（3分）（1）Whatanimaldoesthewoman'sdaughterwanttokeep？A.Acat.B.Adog.C.Ahorse.（2）Whydoesthemansuggestkeepingcats？A.Theyareindependent.B.Theyarebeautiful.C.Theyarecheap.7．（4.5分）（1）Whatcolorwasthewoman'sbedroompainted？A.Blue.B.White.C.Orange.（2）Whatdoesthewomandislike？A.Thelights.B.Themirror.C.Thepictures.（3）Whatdoesthewomanwanttobe？A.Ascientist.B.Ahost.C.Adesigner.8．（4.5分）（1）Whichgroupdoesthewoman'sdaughterbelongto？A.Thebaby's.B.Thepreschooler's.C.Thekid's.（2）Whatdoesthewoman'sdaughterhavetroubledoing？A.Sleeping.B.Drawing.C.Dressingherself.（3）Whenwillthewoman'sdaughterbesenttothecenter？A.OnMondayandTuesday.B.OnTuesdayandWednesday.C.OnMondayandWednesday.9．（6分）（1）Whydoesthewomancometotheman？A.Toexpressthanks.B.Tostartameeting.C.Toaskforhelp.（2）WhendidthemanstarttolearnRussianproperly？A.Inhighschool.B.Duringthevacation.C.Incollege.（3）WhatwasthemostimportantpartforthemaninlearningFrench？A.Takingacourseinit.B.SpendingtimeinParis.C.Learningfromherparents.（4）Whathasthemanbeenbusydoingrecently？A.Learninganewlanguage.B.Preparingforanexam.C.Findingajob.10．（4.5分）（1）Howlongdoesthewaterparkopeneachday？A.Sevenhours.B.Eighthours.C.Ninehours.（2）Whatcanweknowaboutthemini﹣soccer？A.Itisfreeforthelocals.B.Itneedsbookingahead.C.Itcanbeverybusy.（3）HowcanthetouristsbookthebusticketstothetownofLevington？A.Fromthebusdriver.B.Fromthehotelmanager.C.Fromtheparkwebsite.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分37.5分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。11．（7.5分）VolunteerTeachersinMalawiWho※Teachersortrainee（实习）teachersofanysubjectatanylevel，althoughwewillalsoconsiderpeopleofotherjobswhohavebeeneducatedtodegreelevel.※From23yearsoldwithatleastoneyear'steachingexperience.WorkingPeriodAnyperiodofstayispossible，althoughweencourageatleastfourweeks.ProjectsKapandaCommunityDaySecondarySchool※A30﹣minutebicycleridefromMwayaBeach；※Fourschoolyears，includingForms1to4；※Typicalagesare14to19yearsold；※Eachclasshasabout50studentswithitsownclassroom；.※AllsubjectsaretaughtinEnglish.MwayaPrimarySchoolPrimaryschoolsinMwayaarefreeandopentoall.Assecondaryeducationishighlycompetitiveandexpensive，thisisoftentheonlyeducationstudentsinpoorareasreceive.※A10﹣minutewalkfromMwayaBeach；※About1，200pupils；※Eightschoolyears，includingStandards1to8；※Typicalagesare5to15years；※Classsizesarefrom100to150；※LessonsaretaughtinEnglishfromStandard5upwards，whichcanbedifficultforvolunteerswithstudentswhoarejustlearningtospeak，writeandunderstandEnglish.PleasenotethatvolunteersarenottheretotakethejobsofMalawianteachersandgivelessons，buttheyaretheretohelpthelocalteachersandstudents.HowtoApplyPleasegoto，andcompletetheonlineformifyouareinterestedinbecomingavolunteerteacher.（1）Whatisrequiredofthevolunteerteachers？A．AnEnglishEducationdegree.B．Oneyear'svolunteerexperience.C．Stayingforoverfourweeks.D．Beingatleast23yearsold.（2）HowisthePrimarySchooldifferentfromtheSecondarySchool？A．ItisfarawayfromMwayaBeach.B．Itdoesn'tofferEnglishclasses.C．Itdoesn'thavebigclasses.D．Itseducationiseasyforthepoortoget.（3）Whatarevolunteersexpectedtodo？A．Givelessonstolocalstudents.B．Actashelperstolocalteachers.C．Helpwiththeteachertraining.D．Takethejoboflocalteachers.12．（10分）IamsittingatthetableinmyfavoriteBostonbookstore﹣café，laptopopen，writing.TenminutesagoIorderedcoffee.Theserver—ayoung，dark﹣hairedwomanwithabroadsmileandglasses—stoppedandquietlysaid，"IjustwanttotellyouhowmuchyourTEDtalkmeanttome，youhelpedmefindoutwhatIreallywantedtodowithmylife—gotomedicalschool—andthenyouhelpedmedowhatIneededtodotogetthere.Thankyou."Tearsinmyeyes，Iasked，"What'syourname？""Fetaine，"shesaid.ThenwetalkedforthenexttenminutesaboutFetaine'schallengesinthepastandnew﹣foundexcitementaboutherfuture.Everyonewhocommunicateswithmeisspecialandmemorable，butthiskindofcommunicationhappensfarmoreoftenthanI'deverhaveexpected：astrangerwarmlygreetsme，sharesapersonalstoryabouthowtheysuccessfullydealtwithdifficulties，andthensimplythanksmeformypartinit.Theyarewomenandmen，oldandyoung，poorandwealthy.Butsomethingconnectsthem：allhavefeltpowerlessinthefaceofgreatpressureandanxiety（焦虑），andalldiscoveredaquitesimplewaytofreethemselvesfromthatfeelingofpowerlessness.Formostwriters，thebookcomesfirst，thentheresponses.Forme，itwastheotherwayaround.First，IperformedexperimentsthatledtoatalkIgaveattheTEDGlobalconferencein2012.Inthattalk，Idiscussedsomeinterestingfindingsabouthowwecanquicklyincreaseourconfidenceanddecrease（减轻）ouranxietyinchallengingsituations.IalsosharedmyowntroublesandhowIlearnedtobecomemoreconfident.Soonafterthetwenty﹣one﹣minutevideoofthetalkwaspostedontheInternet，Ibeganhearingfrompeoplewhohadseenit.Ofcourse，watchingmytalkdidn'tmagicallygiveFetainetheknowledgesheneededtodowellonMedicalCollegeAdmissionTest.Butitmayhavehelpedhergetoutofthefearthatcouldhavepreventedherfromexpressingthethingssheknew.（1）WhathappenedintheBostonbookstore﹣café？A．Thewriterwaitedtenminutesforhercoffee.B．Thewritercameacrossafriendofhers.C．Awaitressexpressedherthankstothewriter.D．AwaitressencouragedthewritertogiveaTEDtalk.（2）Whatdothosepeoplewhocommunicatewiththewriterhaveincommon？A．Theyoncefacedproblemsandfelthelpless.B．Theysharedpersonalstoriesaboutstrangers.C．Theywerefamousbutundergreatpressure.D．Theywereafraidtocommunicatewithothers.（3）Whatmaybethethemeofthewriter'stalkin2012？A．Howtoincreaseconfidence.B．Howtoperformmeaningfulexperiments.C．Howtoovercomeanxietyinatalk.D．Howtofindinterestingthingsinlife.（4）HowdidthewriterinfluenceFetaineinthewriter'seyes？A．ShegaveFetainepowertolooktothefuture.B．ShehelpedFetainewithherknowledge.C．SheadvisedFetainetogotomedicalschool.D．ShehelpedFetainetogetagoodjob.13．（10分）Plasticislow﹣costandlong﹣lasting.Itisnoteasilydegraded（降解）becausenaturaldegradationprocessescan'tdealwithitschemicalcomponents（成分）.Ittakesinotherocean﹣presentharmfulsubstances.Thesechemicalanddangerouscomponentsaregraduallygotintotheatmospherewithadditivessuchascolor，whichturnsouttobereallyharmfulwhentheplasticbreaksdown.ThedesignanddevelopmentofnewplasticproductswasspedupafterWorldWarII.Lifewithoutplasticseemedimpossibleinthemodernage.Buteventhoughplasticwasquiteconvenient，thedarksideofitwasseenaspeoplebegantoenjoythethrow﹣awaycommunity.Manyplasticproducts，suchasplasticbags，havealifetimeofafewminutestohours.However，they'llstayintheenvironmentforhundredsofyears.Wearedestroyingtheveryworldthatnurturedus.Just9%ofplastichasbeenrecycledand12%burntafterproductionroseinthe1950s，whichleavesabout79%ofthe8.3billiontonsproducedsittinginlandfills（垃圾填埋场）ordamagingourfields，oceans，andwaterways.Andeachyeartheplasticendsupascontaminants.Sotobeatplasticpollution，weneedtoworktogether.Whileplasticburningreducestheamountofwastedumpedintooceansandlands，harmfulgasesarestillproduced，whichalsoleadstogreenhousegases.However，ifwemakeafirmdecisionandusemodernwastemanagementmethods，wewillbeabletocreateasafeandhealthyworld.Itishightimethatweasresponsibleglobalcitizens，tookonthedutyofprotectingourenvironmentandmadegreateffortinsavingourmotherearth，insteadofjustleavingeverythingtoourgovernment.So，ladiesandgentlemen，let'smakeapromisetosuccessfullydealwithplasticwasteandprotectourworldfromallpossiblerisks.（1）WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout？A．Theharmofplastic.B．Theconvenienceofplastic.C．Theprotectionofplastic.D．Theuseofplastic.（2）Whichwordcanbestdescribethewriter'sfeelinginParagraph2？A．Happy.B．Worried.C．Excited.D．Relaxed.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"contaminants"inParagraph3mean？A．Thingsthatcausepollution.B．Thingsthatproduceplastic.C．Thingsthatcostmoney.D．Thingsthathelppeople.（4）Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken？A．Ashortstory.B．Aspeech.C．Anewspaper.D．Anotice.14．（10分）Alllanguageschangeovertime.Newvocabularyisoftenrequiredforthelatestinventionsorideas.Butalanguagecanalsochangeforreasonsthatarenotclear.Languagechangeswheneverspeakerscommunicatewitheachother.Peoplefromdifferentplacesclearlyspeakdifferently，butevenwithinthesamesmallcommunity，peoplespeakdifferentlydependingontheirage，origin，andsocialandeducationalbackground.Whenwecommunicatewiththesedifferentspeakers，indifferentsituations，wehearnewwordsandexpressions，andcanmakethemapartofourownspeech.Evenifyourfamilyhaslivedinthesameareaforgenerations，youcanprobablyseeanumberofdifferencesbetweenthelanguageyouuseandthewayyourgrandparentsspeak.Whenenoughtimehaspassed，theinfluenceofthesechangesbecomesclearer.Duringthe18thcentury，JonathanSwift，theIrishwriter，andmanyotherpeoplefelttheEnglishlanguagewasinseriousdecline（衰落）andthatanationalorganization—likethoseinFranceandItaly—shouldbecreatedtosavethelanguage.Swiftoncewrotethatweshouldfindawaytostopourlanguagefromchanging.Eventoday，wehearpeoplecomplainingaboutalackof"standards（标准）"inspokenandwrittenEnglish.Newwordsandexpressions，orchangesingrammar，areoftenconsideredbad.Moreexpertsbelievethatchangeinlanguageisunavoidable.Changeisawayofkeepingalanguagealiveanduseful，andgivesspeakersdifferentwaysofsayingthingswithextremelysmalldifferencesofmeaningandwaysofexpressingcompletelynewideas.TheorganizationssetupinFranceandItalyhavehadlittlesuccessinreducingtheamountofchangeinFrenchorItalian.In1747，SamuelJohnsonwroteabouthisdesiretowriteadictionarythatwouldfixthepronunciationofEnglishandkeepitpure（纯正的）.Butwhenhecompletedthedictionarytenyearslater，headmittedinhisintroductionthatfixingalanguagewasimpossible.Likeitornot，languageisalwayschangingandEnglishwillgoondoingsoinmanycreativeand—tosomepeople—annoyingways.（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph？A．Somepeoplelearntospeakbetterthanothers.B．Theyouthshouldlearnfromtheirgrandparents.C．Languagechangeisgreatlyinfluencedbypeople.D．Languagechangeslittleifpeoplestayinthesameplace.（2）WhatdoesJonathanSwiftthinkoflanguagechange？A．Hethinksitishopeful.B．Hethinksitisunclear.C．Heagreesonthechange.D．Hedoesn'tagreeonthechange.（3）WhydidSamuelJohnsondecidetowriteadictionary？A．Tocreatesomenewwords.B．Toincludesomeforeignwords.C．TokeepEnglishpurefromchanges.D．TorecordthechangesinEnglish.（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？A．Whydoeslanguagechange？B．WrittenEnglishneedsstandards.C．Doeslanguagechangeinfluencesociety？D．Howtoprotectthelanguage.第二节（共1小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。15．（12.5分）Doyouhaveclothesinyourwardrobethatyouneverwear？Doyoukeepthingsinyourcupboardsthatyouneveruse？•Doyouhavebooksonyourshelvesthatyouneveropen？Andwhataboutthemessonthefloor？（1）Iftheanswertothesequestionsisyes，thenyou'renotalone.Mostofushavetoomanythings.Peoplewithuntidy，cluttered（凌乱的）roomshaveuntidyminds.（2）Thismakesthemunhappy.Thereisnodoubtthattoomanythingsarebadforusandwehavetochange.Now，imaginethisbedroom：awhitefloor，abed，awardrobeandadeskandchair.That'sall.Itlookscalmandrelaxing.Thisistheminimaliststyle（简约主义）.Minimalistsbelievethattheydon'thavetoownalotofthingstobehappy.（3）Youareprobablyaskingatthispoint"DoIhavetothrowawayallmyfavoritethings？"（4）Aminimalistroomistooextremeformostpeople，andpersonalthingslikephotosandbooksarecomfortingandhelpustofeelathome.（5）Considerthissimplerule：ifyoudon'tusesomethingforlongerthan6months，getridofit.Youhavetoregularlytidyandsortoutallthethingsinyourroom.Afterregulardecluttering（定期清理），you'llhavemorespaceinyourwardrobeandcupboards.Nomore"Youmusttidyyourroom!"fromyourparents!Yourroomwilllookmorespaciousandyou'llfeelfree.A.Ofcoursetheansweristhatyoudon't.B.Actually，theyenjoytheirmessyroom.C.Theytrytolivewithonlynecessarythings.D.Butregulardeclutteringisn'tabadidea.E.Whydoyoukeepsomanythingsinyourroom？F.Isitdifficulttofindthingswhenyouneedthem？G.Theycanfeelstressedandtheyfinditdifficulttorelax.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节（共15小题；每小题15分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。16．（15分）OnAugust23rd，mysonwasoutmountainbikingwithhisteacherandfriends.Asusual，wewerewaitingathome（1）lunchready.At12：15，hestillhadn't（2）.Then，wegotthecallthathewasbadlyhurt.We（3）upthemountaininthecar.Hewasinthekindof（4）youneverwanttosee.WegothimtothehospitalforX﹣raystobetoldhiscollarbone（锁骨）wasbroken.Collarbonesareespecially（5）totreat，asyoucan'tjustputtheminacast（石膏）.Childrenhisagearemovingallthetime，（6）howwewouldbeabletostopanactive8﹣year﹣oldboyfrommovingforaminimumof5weekswasa（7）.Wegothima"figure﹣of﹣8"supportthatkeepsbothhisshouldersaligned（成一条直线）.Itwasthebest（8）formakingsurethebonegrewbackstraight.Sleepingwasverypainfulforhim，andinthenextfew（9）everythingcamecrashingdown.Nosports.Noactivity.（10）birthdaypartyplans.Wegotintoanewnormalathome.Wefoundotherthingsforhimtodothatweren't（11），suchasreadingandmakingartwork.It（12）hisworldfrombeingthestrong，activekidtonotbeingabletodowhatheloved.However，hegraduallyadaptedtohisnewlife.Iwouldnever（13）an﹣injuryonanyone；yet，itisadirectwaytolearnhowtobepatientwithlife，withthebody，andwitheachother.My（14）lessonhasbeenthatmychildmayhavelearnedmorefromthisinjurythananythingelsehe'sgonethroughthisyear，and，（15），itwillservehimforlife.（1）A．atB．onC．withD．in（2）A．workedoutB．droppedbyC．setoutD．shownup（3）A．walkedB．racedC．rodeD．flew（4）A．angerB．stressC．painD．shame（5）A．easyB．hardC．rapidD．ready（6）A．forB．thoughC．soD．unless（7）A．challengeB．successC．conditionD．promise（8）A．goalB．choiceC．partD．task（9）A．hoursB．daysC．weeksD．months（10）A．DesignedB．CancelledC．CreatedD．Divided（11）A．mentalB．physicalC．relaxingD．interesting（12）A．changedB．helpedC．protectedD．provided（13）A．wishB．affordC．admireD．educate（14）A．smallestB．slowestC．biggestD．worst（15）A．normallyB．exactlyC．suddenlyD．hopefully第二节（共1小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。17．（15分）Everyyear，highschoolstudentsaged15﹣19fromallaroundtheworldmakeahuge（1）（decide）.Theyleavetheirhomeandgotoanothercountry（2）（study）foruptoayear.Anexchangeyear（3）（know）asatimewhennewexperienceseducatestudentsabouta（4）（difference）wayoflife.Sometimestherewillbedifficultiesandbadmoments，butthosearethemomentswhenthestudentsgrowthemost."Anexchangeyearisn'tayearinyourlife；itisalifeinayear，"saidIsabela，an18﹣year﹣oldexchangestudentfromBrazil.IsabelahasbeenlivinginSaintJosephthisyear.Heryeardidn'tstart（5）（exact）thewayshewashoping.Shehadtroublemaking（6）（friend）andshecouldn'tconnectwithherhostfamily."Ihadthe（7）（bad）andthebesttimehere.Thebeginningwasterrible.Ididn'topenupandnoonetalkedtome.Iwasevenreadytogohomebeforetheyearended，"shesaid.Whentheyear2020started，Isabelachangedherhostfamilyand（8）（give）theU.Sonemorechance.Shealsochangedherattitude.Nowshehasagreatrelationshipwithherhostparentsandhasalotoffriends.Sheisenjoyinghertime.Exchangestudentsgrowalotduringtheirexchangeyearandtheyseetheworld（9）anewway.Theywillhavedifficultiestheyneedtoovercomeby（10）（they）buttheywillgobacktotheirhomemorematureandindependent.第四部分写作（共两节，满分15分）第一节（满分15分）18．（15分）上周六，你校组织高一学生听了一场以"自我保护"为主题的校园安全讲座。请你为学校英文网站写一篇报道。内容包括：（1）讲座目的；（2）讲座时间、地点及内容；（3）讲座反响。注意：（1）写作词数应为80左右；（2）标题已为你写好，不计入字数。ALectureonCampusSafety______第二节（满分25分）19．（25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Icouldn'tforgetthewayIwasfrozeninfrontoftheclasstoday.Myteacher，Mr.Liuhaddividedtheclassintogroupstodospeeches.Todaywasmyturn.However，myhandsshooksobadlythatIcouldn'treadmynotes.Myvoicebecamesoftereventosilence.Mr.LiukindlyendedmypartofspeecheventhoughIclearlydidn'tfinish.Healsoaskedmetostayafterclassforamoment."Betty，Iknowyouareshy，butyouworkedsohardonthisproject.I'dhatetoseeyougiveuponyourself."Mr.Liusaid，"IfIgiveyouanotherchanceuntiltomorrow，doyouthinkyoucanfindcourage？"Inodded，gratefulforthechance.IwentasquicklyasIcouldtomynextclass，keepingmyheaddownandhopingtheschooldaywouldendsoon.WhenIreachedhomethatafternoon，Icouldseeaninvitinglightcomingfromthekitchenwindows.Mumwasbaking（烘焙）.ShestudiedmyfaceasIcameintothekitchen."What'swrong，Betty？"Tearsshoneinmyeyes.Itoldherthewholestory.Mumwassilentforamomentwithherhandsbusywiththecake."Whyisitthatyoucantalktomeaboutanythingandeverythingbutyoucan'ttalktoyourclass？"Mumasked.Shesetthetimerightandthensaid，"Letmeshowyousomething."Ifollowedhertothebedroom.Theresheshowedmeabookfilledwithpictures.Inittherewasablueribbon（丝带）thatsaid"FirstPlace"andapictureofherselfwhenshewasveryyoung，standingwithherparents."Iwonitforpublicspeaking.Istartedtheschoolyearastheshyestgirlonthespeechteam，butIendedtheyearastheblueribbonwinner.Itwasn'teasyatfirst—notsureofmyselfatall.Iworkedhard，andmostlyIfacedmytears.Youjustneedtofindyourcourage."注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。HearingMum'swords，Istaredatthevaluableblueribbon，lostinthought._______ThenextdayIwalkedtothefrontoftheclassroomtogivemyspeech._______

2023-2024学年山东省济南市高一（上）月考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析第一部分听力（共两节，满分7.5分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．【解答】C2．【解答】B3．【解答】C4．【解答】C5．【解答】B第二节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。6．【解答】CA7．【解答】BCA8．【解答】CAA9．【解答】CBBA10．【解答】CCA第二部分阅读（共两节，满分37.5分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。11．【分析】这篇文章是关于在马拉维担任志愿者教师的信息。志愿者可以是任何科目的教师或实习教师，也可以是其他工作但受过大学教育的人，年龄需在23岁以上且有至少一年的教学经验。志愿者可以在Kapanda社区日制中学或Mwaya小学任教，这两所学校的教学语言都是英语。志愿者的工作并不是取代马拉维的教师，而是帮助当地的教师和学生。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据Who下面的From23yearsoldwithatleastoneyear'steachingexperience.（23岁以上，至少有一年的教学经验。）可知，志愿者老师的年龄至少要23岁。故选D。（2）细节理解题。根据MwayaPrimarySchool下面的PrimaryschoolsinMwayaarefreeandopentoall.Assecondaryeducationishighlycompetitiveandexpensive，thisisoftentheonlyeducationstudentsinpoorareasreceive.（Mwaya的小学是免费的，对所有人开放。由于中等教育竞争激烈且费用高昂，这往往是贫困地区学生接受的唯一教育。）可知，Mwaya的小学对所有人免费，这往往是贫困地区学生能够接受的唯一教育，而中学竞争激烈且费用昂贵，所以二者的不同就在于：小学教育能够让穷人容易得到。故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据文中倒数第二段PleasenotethatvolunteersarenottheretotakethejobsofMalawianteachersandgivelessons，buttheyaretheretohelpthelocalteachersandstudents.（请注意，志愿者不是来承担马拉维教师的工作和授课的，而是来帮助当地教师和学生的。）可知，志愿者来这里是帮助当地教师和学生的，即充当当地教师的助手。A．Givelessonstolocalstudents.给当地学生上课；B．Actashelperstolocalteachers.充当当地教师的助手；C．Helpwiththeteachertraining.帮助教师培训；D．Takethejoboflocalteachers.以当地教师的工作为例。故选B。【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。12．【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者的TED演讲视频帮助了许多在生活中面临着压力和焦虑的人。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的Theserver—ayoung，dark﹣hairedwomanwithabroadsmileandglasses—stoppedandquietlysaid，"IjustwanttotellyouhowmuchyourTEDtalkmeanttome，youhelpedmefindoutwhatIreallywantedtodowithmylife—gotomedicalschool—andthenyouhelpedmedowhatIneededtodotogetthere.Thankyou."（服务员——一个年轻的黑发女人，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容，戴着眼镜——停了下来，平静地说：'我只想对你说你的TED演讲对我来说有多重要，你帮我找到了我一生中真正想做的事情——上医学院——然后你帮我做了我到那一步所需要做的事情。谢谢你。'）可知，在波士顿书店咖啡馆中，一位女服务员向作者表达了感谢，作者的TED演讲对她产生了重大影响。故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据第四段中的Butsomethingconnectsthem：allhavefeltpowerlessinthefaceofgreatpressureandanxiety（焦虑），andalldiscoveredaquitesimplewaytofreethemselvesfromthatfeelingofpowerlessness.（但是他们之间有某种联系：所有人在面对巨大的压力和焦虑时都感到无能为力，并且都发现了一种非常简单的方法来将自己从那种无能为力的感觉中解放出来。）可知，所有和作者进行交流的人都有一个共同点：他们都曾遇到过问题并且感觉无能为力。故选A。（3）细节理解题。根据第五段中的Inthattalk，Idiscussedsomeinterestingfindingsabouthowwecanquicklyincreaseourconfidenceanddecrease（减轻）ouranxietyinchallengingsituations.IalsosharedmyowntroublesandhowIlearnedtobecomemoreconfident.Soonafterthetwenty﹣one﹣minutevideoofthetalkwaspostedontheInternet，Ibeganhearingfrompeoplewhohadseenit.（在那次演讲中，我讨论了一些有趣的发现，关于我们如何能够快速增强自信，并在具有挑战性的情况下减少焦虑。我也分享了我自己的困难和我如何学会变得更加自信。这段21分钟的演讲视频上传到互联网后不久，我就开始收到看过这段视频的人的来信。）可知，作者在2012年的演讲中讨论的是我们如何在充满挑战的情况下快速增加信心和减少焦虑。故选A。（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Ofcourse，watchingmytalkdidn'tmagicallygiveFetainetheknowledgesheneededtodowellonMedicalCollegeAdmissionTest.Butitmayhavehelpedhergetoutofthefearthatcouldhavepreventedherfromexpressingthethingssheknew.（当然，看我的演讲并不能神奇地给Fetaine提供她在医学院入学考试中取得好成绩所需要的知识。但它可能帮助她摆脱了恐惧，这种恐惧可能会阻止她表达她所知道的事情。）可知，作者的演讲帮助Fetaine摆脱了恐惧，让她有勇气去表达自己。再结合第一段中的Theserver—ayoung，dark﹣hairedwomanwithabroadsmileandglasses—stoppedandquietlysaid，"IjustwanttotellyouhowmuchyourTEDtalkmeanttome，youhelpedmefindoutwhatIreallywantedtodowithmylife—gotomedicalschool—andthenyouhelpedmedowhatIneededtodotogetthere.Thankyou."（服务员——一个年轻的黑发女人，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容，戴着眼镜——停了下来，平静地说：'我只想对你说你的TED演讲对我来说有多重要，你帮我找到了我一生中真正想做的事情——上医学院——然后你帮我做了我到那一步所需要做的事情。谢谢你。'）可知，Fetaine感谢作者的演讲帮助她找到了自己真正想做的事情。由此可推测出，作者给予了Fetaine面对未来所需的力量。故选A。【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。13．【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了塑料的问题。塑料是廉价和持久的，但由于其化学成分无法被自然降解，因此很难被分解。它吸收了其他海洋中存在的有害物质，并通过添加剂（如颜色）逐渐进入大气中，当塑料分解时会产生真正的危害。二战后，新塑料产品的设计和开发加快了。然而，尽管塑料非常方便，但当人们开始享受一次性社会时，它的负面影响也开始显现。许多塑料产品，如塑料袋，寿命只有几分钟到几小时，但它们会在环境中停留数百年。只有9%的塑料被回收，12%被燃烧，而剩下的79%被丢弃在垃圾填埋场或破坏我们的土地、海洋和水道。每年，塑料都会成为污染物。虽然燃烧塑料会减少倾倒到海洋和土地的废物量，但仍会产生有害气体，也会导致温室气体的产生。然而，如果我们做出坚定决策并使用现代的废物管理方法，我们将能够创造一个安全健康的世界。现在是我们作为负责任的全球公民承担保护环境责任并努力拯救地球的时候了，而不是把一切都留给政府。因此，女士们先生们，让我们承诺成功处理塑料废物，保护我们的世界免受所有可能的风险。【解答】（1）段落大意题。根据第一段Itisnoteasilydegraded（降解）becausenaturaldegradationprocessescan'tdealwithitschemicalcomponents（成分）.Ittakesinotherocean﹣presentharmfulsubstances.Thesechemicalanddangerouscomponentsaregraduallygotintotheatmospherewithadditivessuchascolor，whichturnsouttobereallyharmfulwhentheplasticbreaksdown.（因为自然降解过程不能处理其化学成分，所以它不易降解。它吸收其他海洋中存在的有害物质。这些化学成分和危险成分随着色剂等添加剂逐渐进入大气中，而当塑料分解时，着色剂就变得非常有害。）可知，塑料的化学成分不能在自然中降解，它吸收有害物质，塑料中的化学成分和危险成分会进入大气，污染大气环境。由此可推测出，第一段主要讲述了塑料的害处。故选A。（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Wearedestroyingtheveryworldthatnurturedus.（我们正在摧毁养育我们的世界。）可知，作者认为我们使用塑料是在摧毁我们赖以生存的世界，由此可推测出，作者对这种现状感到担忧。故选B。（3）词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句Sotobeatplasticpollution，weneedtoworktogether.（所以，为了防止塑料污染，我们需要共同努力。）可知，塑料会产生污染，由此可推测出，画线词所在句表达的是每年塑料最终都会成为污染物。contaminants意为"污染物"，与A项意思最接近。A．Thingsthatcausepollution.造成污染的东西；B．Thingsthatproduceplastic.产生塑料的东西；C．Thingsthatcostmoney.需要花钱的东西；D．Thingsthathelppeople.帮助别人的事情。故选A。（4）文章出处题。根据最后一段中的So，ladiesandgentlemen，let'smakeapromisetosuccessfullydealwithplasticwasteandprotectourworldfromallpossiblerisks.（所以，女士们，先生们，让我们承诺会成功地处理塑料废物，保护我们的世界免受一切可能的风险。）可知，文章在最后一段呼吁大家要承诺处理塑料废物，保护环境，并以"ladiesandgentlemen"引起大家的注意，由此可推测出，文章来自一篇演讲。故选B。【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。14．【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了语言是变化的，并分析了其变化的原因。【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Languagechangeswheneverspeakerscommunicatewitheachother.Peoplefromdifferentplacesclearlyspeakdifferently，butevenwithinthesamesmallcommunity，peoplespeakdifferentlydependingontheirage，origin，andsocialandeducationalbackground.Whenwecommunicatewiththesedifferentspeakers，indifferentsituations，wehearnewwordsandexpressions，andcanmakethemapartofourownspeech.（当说话者彼此交流时，语言就会改变。来自不同地方的人说话显然不同，但即使在同一个小社区里，人们的说话方式也会因年龄、出身、社会和教育背景的不同而不同。当我们在不同的情况下与这些不同的说话者交流时，我们听到了新的单词和表达，并可以把它们变成我们自己讲话的一部分。）可知，人们的说话方式会因年龄、出身、社会和教育背景的不同而不同。我们在与不同的人交流时会受到影响，语言也就发生了变化。所以语言的变化受人的影响很大。C．Languagechangeisgreatlyinfluencedbypeople.（语言的变化很大程度上受人的影响。）符合文意，故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Duringthe18thcentury，JonathanSwift，theIrishwriter，andmanyotherpeoplefelttheEnglishlanguagewasinseriousdecline（衰落）andthatanationalorganization—likethoseinFranceandItaly—shouldbecreatedtosavethelanguage.Swiftoncewrotethatweshouldfindawaytostopourlanguagefromchanging.（在18世纪，爱尔兰作家乔纳森•斯威夫特和其他许多人都认为英语正在严重衰落，应该像法国和意大利那样建立一个全国性的组织来拯救英语。斯威夫特曾经写道，我们应该找到一种方法来阻止我们的语言变化。）可知，乔纳森•斯威夫特不赞同语言的变化。故选D。（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段In1747，SamuelJohnsonwroteabouthisdesiretowriteadictionarythatwouldfixthepronunciationofEnglishandkeepitpure（纯正的）.（1747年，塞缪尔•约翰逊写道，他希望编写一本能纠正英语发音并保持纯正的词典。）可知，为了保持英语的纯正，让其不受变化的影响，塞缪尔