英文语法第十讲特殊句型

第十讲特殊句型强调句型1．强调句的基本结构及用法(1)基本句型：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Itisonlybylisteningtoandunderstandingeachotherthatproblemsbetweenparentsandchildrencanbesettled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。(强调方式状语)eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)(2014·福建高考单项填空)Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,thatmadeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。(强调主语)(2)一般疑问句形式：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)(2014·四川高考单项填空)WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolthatMr.Smithgotangry?是因为杰克上学迟到使史密斯先生生气的吗？(3)特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋is/wasit＋that＋其他？eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？[易错警示]如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。瘙
嚔)Heaskedmewhoitwasthattookhisumbrellabymistake.,他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。(4)含有not...until...的强调句型：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被强调部分＋that...eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletterthatshementionedherownplan.直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的计划。2．强调谓语动词强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do,does或did。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Thefamilydidmanagetosendhimtoatechnicalschool.家里的确设法让他上技术学校。倒装句1．部分倒装部分倒装是指把谓语的一部分(助动词、系动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：(1)当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little,few,never,seldom,rarely,bynomeans,notonly,notuntil,atnotime,under/innocircumstances,innocase,innoway,nosooner,hardly,scarcely等。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供医疗保健服务。(2)当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，用部分倒装。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)(2014·湖南高考单项填空)Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartwillyoukeepgoodrelationshipswithothers.只有当你找到内心的平静时你才能与他人保持良好的关系。(3)so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装。①“so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“……也是如此”。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)—I’vegotanenormousamountofworktodo.——我有大量的作业要做。—SohaveI.——我也如此。②“neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Thisisnotmystory,norisitthewholestory.Mystoryplaysoutdifferently.这并不是(关于)我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局是不同的。(4)在so/such...that...结构中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时，用部分倒装。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)(2016·杭州五校第一次联考)Sosuddenlydidhecatchthediseasethatthewholefamilywereatagreatloss.他突然患病，全家人全然不知所措。(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)(2016·天津六校第一次联考)Hardastheytried,theycouldn’tmakeherchangehermind.尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。(6)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had,were,should提到主语前面。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Shouldhe(＝Ifheshould)come,tellhimtoringmeup.如果他来了，告诉他给我打电话。2．完全倒装完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Themomentthebellrang,outrushedthechildren.铃一响，孩子们冲了出去。([易错警示]),主语为人称代词时，则不倒装。瘙
嚔)Themomentthebellrang，outtheyrushed.,铃一响，他们冲了出去。)(2)当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Presentatthemeetingwerescientistsfromallovertheworld.来自世界各地的科学家们出席了此次会议。(3)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)PresentatthepartywereMr.Greenandmanyotherguests.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。主谓一致1．语法一致原则主语后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Mr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,isgoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)IthinkTom,ratherthanyou,istoblamefortheaccident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。2．就近一致原则(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Eitheryouortheheadmasteristohandouttheprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.你或者校长将在会上给有天分的学生颁发奖品。(2)由there,here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Thereisapencilandtwopensinthepencil­box.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。3．意义一致原则(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体),谓语动词用单数。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Aneedleandthreadwasgiventoher,butshecouldnotsewthebuttonon.针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝上。(2)“no/each/every/manya＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/manya＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Everymanandeverywomanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。(3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Togotobedearlyandtoriseearlyisagoodhabit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。其他句式1．省略(1)状语从句的省略：当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Althoughsmall,thecompanyhasabout1,000buyersinover30countries.这家公司虽然小，但它在30多个国家有大约1000个客户。(2)不定式的省略：①在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语),只保留不定式符号to。否定形式的省略用notto。但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be,have,havebeen,通常保留这些词。②but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do,后接不定式时，要省略to;但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略to。③help后接不定式作宾语或宾补时，可省略to,也可不省略。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebuttomeetanevengreaterchallenge.如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)TheydidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.他们昨晚除了看电视什么都没做。2．感叹句感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。常见句型：(1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！＝How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！(2)What＋(形容词)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！(3)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！(4)How＋主语＋谓语！eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Whatastrangeplant(＝Howstrangeaplant)!I’veneverseenitbefore.这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。3．祈使句祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you,但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t,也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。祈使句的常见句型：(1)祈使句＋and＋简单句“如果……就……”(2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋简单句“……否则……”(3)名词词组(多含有more,another)＋and＋简单句“如果再……就……”eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Onemoreday,andI’llgeteverythingready.再多给我一天，我就会把任何事情都准备好。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．(2016·云南玉溪高三联考)Makingaspeechinfrontofacrowdofpeople____________(be)nothisstrength,buthemakesupforitwithhisheartandefforts.答案：is2．(2016·日照检测)Atthetopofthehill____________(lie)anoldcottagewhichhasawonderfulviewofthewholecity.答案：lies3．(2016·河北邢台高三摸底考试)Officer:Madam,there____________(be)signsthatsaywhatthespeedlimitis.答案：are4．(2016·河南洛阳第二次统考)“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.”also____________(show)ahealthyeverydayhabithelpstobuildupourbody.答案：shows5．(2016·福建4月检测)OnlywhenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain____________sheregretignoringhermum.答案：did6．(2016·安徽合肥名校联考)Itwasnotthewordyousaid____________angeredMr.Zhang,buthowyousaidit.答案：that7．Generallyspeaking,when____________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnoside­effects.答案：taken8．(2016·江苏南京调研)Nextdoortoours____________(live)ablackcouple,whoseemtohavesettledinthiscommunityforquitealongtime.答案：live9．(2016·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟)Infrontofourschool____________(stand)atoweronwhosetopwecanhaveaclearviewofthelake.答案：stands10．(2016·山东省实验中学诊断)____________(knock)atthedoorbeforeyouentertheoffice,oryou’llbeconsideredimpolite.答案：Knockeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)单句改错1．Suchknowledgeisstillusefulwhenapplyingtosimilarsituationsinothercountries.applying→applied2．—Whydoestheriveraroundthevillagesmellterrible?—Becauselargequantitiesofwaterhasbeenpolluted.has→have3．Stoppingcriticizingyourchildrenlikethis，ortheywillrefusetotellyoutheirtruefeelings.Stopping→Stop4．Downthehillisanicelake；bythelakeissomefarmhouseshiddeninthewoods.第二个is→are5．(2016·江西六校联考)Whatdifferentlifetodayisfromwhatitwas20yearsago！What→How6．SuchabsorbedwassheintheworkthatJaneoftenforgottotakemeals.Such→So7．—HowwasitwhatyougotWangFeng’sautographphoto?—Didn’tyouknowIwenttohisliveconcert？See？Easy！what→that8．ItiseasytorecognizeMary，assheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhowearsunglassesinthehall.wear→wears9．Theparentsdidn’ttoleratetheirkids’rudenessattheparty，northeyallowthemselvestobedisobeyed.在nor后加did10．Ireceivedhismother’stelephonecallateleven.ItwasthenwhenIknewthathewasbadlyhurtinatrafficaccidentyesterday.when→thateq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．(2016·南阳一中二模)Itisonlyinthelastfewyears____________freeflyinghasgainedanyrealpublicacceptance.答案：that2．(2014·陕西高考语法和词汇知识)Nosooner____________MoYansteppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.答案：had3．(2016·郑州质量预测)—Whywasit____________youweresoangry?—Becausewefailedtotakepartinthebasketballmatch.答案：that4．(2016·济宁模拟)“Onlytwocentimetershigher,____________youwillbreaktheworldrecord，”encouragedthecoach.答案：and5．(2016·福建厦门质检)Sotouching____________thesongsoundthatIcouldn’tholdmytearsbackwhenIhearditforthefirsttime.答案：did6．Onlywiththegreatestofluck____________shemanagetoescapefromtherisingfloodwaterlastyear.答案：did7．(2016·济南外国语模拟)If____________(burn),rubbercangiveoffapoisonousgas.答案：burnt8．____________(make)gooduseoflearningresourcessuchasthewebsiteandlibrary,andyouwillmakegreatprogress.答案：Make9．(2016·山东师大附中一模)Itwasnotuntilshelostherjob____________sherealizedhowimportantitisthatoneshouldstudyallthetime.答案：that10．(2016·长沙四校高考模拟卷二)—_____________(try)theredsweaterhangingonthewall—perhapsyou’lllikeit.—No,I’llneverwearasweaterlikethat,forIdon’tlikethedesign.答案：Try11．Thereisno____________(deny)thatsheisyourbestfriend.Soyou’dbetterhelpherwhensheisintrouble.答案：denying12．(2016·江西重点中学联考)MostoftheartistswillgototheUnitedStatesnextweek.Therest____________(be)tovisitJapan.答案：are13．Goingouttothebaranddrinking____________(be)awaytorelax,butnotgoodforyourhealthatall.答案：is14．(2016·湖南怀化一模)Morethanonedoctor____________(be)involvedintherescuethattookplaceaftertheearthquake.答案：was15．(2016·福建漳州八校3月联考)Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse____________(build)atpresentinthedisasterareainGansuProvince.答案：isbeingbuilteq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)单句改错1．(2014·大纲全国卷单项填空)Notonlythenurseswantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.在the前加do2．(2016·衢州五校期中联考)Itisnodoubtthatthefamousprofessorwillcometogiveusalecture.It→There3．Soexcitedheseemthathecouldn’tsayaword.在excited后加did4．(2016·福州八中质检)Followingtheinstructionsonthepacketwhenyoutakethedrugandthedrug,Ithink,willworksoon.Following→Follow5．(2016·衡阳八中月考)—ItelephonedhimtwiceandIcouldn’tgetthroughtohim.—Thelinemighthavebeenoutoforder,doesit?does→was6．(2016·衡阳四中月考)Nosoonerwelefttheroomthanwerealizedweforgottotakeourbooks.在sooner后加had7．Whenweheardtheexcitingnews,therewassilencealloverthehallatfirst.Thencomevoicesofe→came8．ItisMaryandJamesthataregettingmarriedanditisIwhoisgoingtobetheirbridesmaid.第三个is→am9．Itisonlywhenyourereadthepoemwhichyoucanreallyappreciateit.which→that10．ThoughI’mnotavolunteeranymore,IusedtoandI’vedonesomevoluntaryworkwithmyfriends.在to后加beeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)语法填空Onceuponatime,thereweretwolittleboys,JackandTom,who1.____________(raise)inanorphanage.Jackhadalwayswishedhecouldflylikeabird.AndTom,unabletowalkproperly,was2.____________(eagerness)towalkandrunlikeotherchildren.OnedayJackcameuponapark3.____________hesawTomplayinginthesandbox.Heranoverto4.____________(he)andaskedifheeverhadwantedtoflylikeabird.“No,”saidTom,“5.____________Ihavewonderedwhatitwouldbeliketowalkandrunlikeothers.”Thetwolittleboysplayedfor6.____________(hour).ThenamancamewithawheelchairtopickTomup.Jackranovertothemanandwhisperedsomething7.____________hisear.AndthenheranovertoTomandsaid,“IwishIwereable8.____________(make)youwalkandrun.ButIcan’t.However,thereissomethingthatIcandoforyou.”JackturnedaroundandtoldTomtoslideupontohisback.Hethenbegantorunacrossthegrass,9.____________(carry)Tomonhisback.Soonthewindjustwhistledacrossthetwolittleboys’faces.Flapping(摆动)hisarmsupanddowninthewind,Tomyelled10.____________(cheerful),“I’MFLYING.I’MFLYING！”【解题导语】本文是记叙文，讲述了一个关于飞翔之梦的小故事。1．wereraised解析：考查时态和语态。根据下文的时态可知此处应用一般过去时，又raise与who(指代twolittleboys)之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。2．eager解析：考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处指他渴望像其他孩子那样走和跑。空处在句中作表语，故用形容词。beeagertodosth.“渴望做某事”。3．where解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词park,且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。4．him解析：考查代词。分析句子成分可知，空处作介词to的宾语，故用宾格him。5．but解析：考查连词。根据上下文的逻辑关系可知，此处表示转折，故用but。6．hours解析：考查名词单复数。根据语境可知，此处指两个小男孩玩了几个小时。hour为可数名词，且空前无冠词或限定词，故用其复数形式。7．in解析：考查介词。whispersth.insb.’sear为习惯用法，意为“在某人耳边低声说……”。8．tomake解析：考查非谓语动词。beabletodosth.为固定用法，故填tomake。9．carrying解析：考查非谓语动词。carry与其逻辑主语He之间是主动关系，故用v.­ing形式。10．cheerfully解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰动词yelled