2024北京房山区高三一模英语试题及答案

2024北京房山高三一模英语本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。EmilyBhatnagarlivesinGaithersburg,Maryland.hasalwaysloved1.Asareallygirl,shealwaysturnedtobooks,whichsortofbecameherbestfriendswhenshedidnthaveone.In2019,whenherdadwasdiagnosedwithcancer,itwasadifficulttimeforherfamilyandbooksbecameanevenbigger2.Shestartedthinkingaboutpeople3situations.Whenherfatherrecovered,shehadoverwhelminggratitudetodoctorsforperformingsuchamiracle,butalsoahintofsadnessaboutkidswhowerefightingthesamebattle.Atthatverymoment,shecameupwithaplan.Shewanteddothingsforthe4.ShestartedabookdrivecalledLove&Buttercupherhometown.Thegoalwastothemtokidsbeingtreatedforcancerlocalhospitals.first,Emilyhadnoideahowmuch56booksandgiveherworkwouldget.Shestartedbypostingonsocialmedia,askingpeopleinherarea7.Sheexpectingmaybetwoorthreefromneighbors,butitendedblowingup,whennewsstationsbeganreportingit.Sincethestartofthebookdrive,Emilyhascollectedmorethan10,000books.89NowEmilycontinuestorunthebookdrive.Shehopesto10theprojectonedayreachmorekids.Thememoryofthefirsttimeshevisitedchildrenwhodreceivedherbooksstickswithher.“Itwasthebestdayofmylife,”shesays.“IrealizedIwanteddothistypeofworkforever.”1.A.readingB.postingC.drivingwriting2.A.friendB.projectC.guideD.comfort3.A.severeB.similarC.simpleD.shocking4.A.hospitalsB.schoolsC.neighbourhoodD.committee5.A.purchaseB.collectC.distributeD.exhibit6.A.attentionB.intentionC.discussionD.rejection7.A.spreadB.donateC.promoteD.approve8.A.commentsB.likesC.lettersD.responses9.A.naturallyB.automaticallyC.especiallyD.specifically10.A.expandB.evaluateC.manageD.monitor第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。第1页/共8页AHumankind’sgrowingneedforfoodisrunningupagainstthousandsofotherspecies’needforspace.By2050,humansmayneedtoclearanadditional3.35millionsquare11(kilometer)oflandagriculture.12(transform)theselargelynaturalhabitatswouldsqueezemorethan17,000vertebratespeciesfromsomeoftheirlands.Butchanginghowandwherefood13(grow)canminimizetheimpacts.Wecanfeedtheplanetwithoutmessingituptoobadly,”saysconservationscientistDavidWilliams.BSaturdaynotonlymarkedthelastdayofChina’s2024SpringFestivalholiday,butalsoclosedouttheeight-daydomesticfilmperiod,14endedstronglyasthehighest-grossingChineseNewYearholidaythehistoryofdomesticcinema.Accordingareport,over163millionpeople15(go)tocinemas,a26%increasefromthe2023SpringFestivalholiday.Andbox-officesalesreachedmorethan8billionyuan,up18%16(compare)lastyear’sholidayperiod.CThedragon,afamousbeastbornfromfantasy,17(exercise)aholdonpeople’simaginationovercenturies.IntraditionalChineseculture,adragonisasymbolofluck,powerandhighstatus.Theycancauseweatherchangesandbringrainfallthefields18(ensure)richharvests.Therefore,tosymbolizetheirpower,ancientChineseemperorsdecoratedtheirclothes19dragonpatterns.ManyChineseviewthedragonasanationalsymbol,20(proud)referringtothemselvesas“descendantsofthedragon”.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AVolunteerinAfricaDreamingofvolunteeringinAfrica?InternationalVolunteerHQ(IVHQ)willenableyoubeimmersedinvibrantcultures,discoveruniquewildlifeandmakevaluablecontributionstothelocalcommunities.CommonquestionsaboutvolunteeringinAfrica⚫WhatvolunteerworkAfricadoesoffer?WhetheryouwanttovolunteerandteachEnglishinAfrica,supportconstructionprojects,wildlifevolunteering,ornursingandmedicalvolunteerabroadprojects,IVHQhasvolunteerworkinAfricathatissuitableforvolunteerswitharangeofskillsandexperience.⚫HowmuchdoesitcostvolunteerinAfrica?OurfullyhostedAfricavolunteerprogramsstartfromaslittleas$20/day!Thisincludesyouraccommodation,meals,airportpickup,orientationandcomprehensivesupportservicesthatyouwon’tfindelsewhere.⚫IsitsafetovolunteerinAfrica?Wehaveacomprehensiveapproachmanagingsafetyandreducingrisksacrossallofourprograms,whichgivesvolunteerstheknowledgeandconfidencetheyneedstaysafe,secureandhealthy.Thisincludes:✓Alllocalteamsaretrainedvolunteermanagement,arerequiredundertakefirstaidtrainingandensurethatprogramsadhereIVHQ’sRiskManagementPolicy.✓AllIVHQvolunteersreceivepre-departureand24/7in-countrysupport,arerequiredtohavetravelinsuranceand第2页/共8页arestronglyencouragedtotakeouronlinepre-departuretrainingwhichcanbeaccessedforfree.⚫HowvolunteerAfricaApplyingtovolunteerinAfricaissimple!Onceyou’vedecidedwhichcountryyouwanttovolunteerinandwhichAfricaprojectyouwouldliketojoin,youcanapply.It’sfree,onlytakesafewminutesandthereisnocommitmentneededatthisstage.OurteamofVolunteerTravelSpecialistswillthenguideyouthroughthenextstepstosecureyourspotandstartpreparingforyourtrip.21.InAfrica,IVHQvolunteerscan_______.A.manageconstructionprojectsB.organizeprogramorientationC.workaslanguageteachersD.undertakefirstaidtraining22.WhatdoesIVHQprovidetoensurethesafetyofvolunteers?A.Volunteerprojectssuitableforall.B.Anonlinepre-departuretraining.C.Well-trainedlocalcommunities.D.Lecturesonculturaldifference.23.Whichofthefollowingshouldbedoneattheapplicationstage?A.Selectingcountriesandprojects.B.Obtainingpassportsandvisas.C.Makingsomecommitments.D.Arrangingaccommodations.BThatdaywhenLudwigvanBeethovendiedwasoneofthesaddestofmylife.Ihadstayedwithhimformorethantwentyyearsandlivedthroughmanyofhishappiestmomentsandhistriumphsaswellashismostunhappytimes.Hewasn’t,however,theeasiestofmenworkfor.Hismoodswerechangeablesothathecouldbereasonableatonemomentbutmostimpatientandintolerantatthenext.Alltheseproblemsbegan1802whenhediscoveredhislossofhearingwasnottemporary.Thelossofhearingbroughthimacrossroadsinhislife.Itwasthenthatherealizedthathisfuturelaycomposingmusic.Luckily,althoughhisdeafnessbroughthimfearandanxiety,hewasabletousetheseemotionstoinspirehiswork.Dealingwithhisinnerproblemsandworries,hismusicwasobviouslysubjective,whichwasnotthemostpopulartypeofitstime.Butpeoplerecognizedhisgreatness.Theydidsoevenwhentheyknewhecouldnotacknowledgeit.Whenheconductinghisninthandlastsymphonyonitsfirstperformancehetotallydeaf.Sohejustdidn’trealizethatthemusichadfinishedcontinuedtoconducttheorchestra.Oneofthesingershadtoturnhimroundsohecouldreceivethecheersoftheaudience.Fromoneangleitwasasadmomentbutfromanotheritwasanevengreatertriumph.Thatamanwithsuchaconditioncouldhavewrittensuchdynamicmusicwasoverwhelming!ItbroughttearseyestothinkthatIhadcontributedsomesmallwaylookingafterhim.Hedressedratherlikeawildmanhimself.Hishairwasalwaysuntidy,hisskinmarkedwithspotsandhismouthsetadownwardcurve.Hetooknocareofhisappearanceandwalkedaroundourcitywithhisclothes第3页/共8页carelesslyarranged.Thisbecausehewasconcentratingonhisnextcomposition.Helpinghimmovehousemanytimes,preparinghismealsandlookingafterhiseverydaycomfortsweremyrewardforalifelivingclosetosuchamusicalgenius.Iconsidermyselfaluckyman!24.TheauthorwasmostlikelytobeBeethoven’s_______.A.studentB.doctorC.servantrelative25.Whatcanbelearnedfromthispassage?A.Beethoven’smusicwasunderestimatedatthattime.B.Beethoven’sworkwasinspiredhisfearandanger.C.Beethoven’smusicstayedinstepwiththemainstreammusicofthetime.D.Beethovenlosthisabilitytohearwhenfirstconductinghisninthsymphony.26.WhydidtheauthortearinParagraph4?A.Becausetheperformancewasacompletesuccess.B.BecauseheplayedapartinBeethovenssuccess.C.BecauseBeethovenwascompletelydeafthen.D.BecausetheaudiencecheeredBeethoven.27.Accordingtotheauthor,Beethovencouldbedescribedas_______.A.intolerantbutcheerfulB.stubbornbutreasonableC.changeablebutdedicatedD.unsociablebuteasy-goingCClinicalintuitionisfinallygettingtherespectithavelongdeserved.Newresearchissupportingaprocessthatcombinesrapidjudgmentsandperceptionsthatoccuroutsideofconsciousawareness—aofknowingsomethingwithoutknowinghowyouknowit.ThevalueofclinicalintuitioninmedicineisnowbeingstudiedandbecomingparticularlyrelevantasinterestgrowsindevelopingAIsystemsthatcananalyzemedicaldatadiagnoseortreatpatients.Astudyin2023foundthatclinicalintuitionfromphysiotherapistsontheprognosisforfunctionalrecoveryamongpatientswascloselyassociatedtherecoveryafterwards.Anotherstudyconcludedthatincomparisontorelyingonlyclinicaldata,“preoperativesurgeonintuitionaloneisanindependentpredictorofpatientoutcomes.”“Thisisacognitiveprocess.Clinicalintuitionisaboutexpertise,knowledge,andpatternrecognitionthataccumulatethroughexperience.Themindisputtingtogetherallkindsofinformationandsequencingitinwaysthatsaythispersonisreallysick—ornot,”saysMeredithVanstone,anassociateprofessorinMcMasterUniversity.Giventhedepthofthiscognitiveprocess,someexpertsareskepticalthatAItechnologycanmakemedicaldecisionsaswellasahumanphysician.“Asphysiciansgothroughyearsofinteractionswithpatientsandseeingthousandsofcases,thosegutfeelingsbecomeasortofsummarystatementofalltheexperiencesthey’veseen,”saysMohammadGhassemi,aresearcheratMichiganStateUniversity.Clinicianscanobservedifferentthingsthatarenotalwayscapturedormadeavailablebymachines.”Researchersfoundthatphysiciansandnursespracticinginamedicalspecialtyinvolvingahighlikelihoodof第4页/共8页anemergencyordimensionsofcomplexityaremorelikelyuseintuitivedecision-makingintheirpractice.“Assurgeons,thefirstthingweneeddoislookatthepatientbecausethestructureddatanotbeconsistentwithwhatweseewiththepatient,”saysGabrielBratfromHarvardMedicalSchool.Researchhasfoundthatclinicalintuitionnursesandphysiciansaboutthechancesthatolderpatientsvisitingemergencydepartmentswoulddieorhaveotheradverseoutcomeswithin30dayswashighlyaccurate.Noneofknownexperiencessuggestthatclinicalintuitionshouldbeblindlyactedupon.Makingclinicaldecisionssolelyonthebasisofaphysician’sintuitionisn’tthego,expertsButrelyingsolelyonmedicalalgorithms(mathematicalmodels)thatgeneratepredictionsabouthowapatientislikelytorespondtodifferenttreatmentsisn’tthebestcourseofactioneither.Tooptimizepatientcare,someexpertsbelieveahybridapproachthatintegratesclinicalintuition,predictivealgorithms,patientpreferences,andotherkeyfactorsisessential.28.Accordingtothepassage,clinicalintuitionisinfluencedby_______.A.rapidjudgementB.medicalalgorithmsC.consciousawarenessD.professionalknowledge29.WhichofthefollowingwouldMohammadGhassemiagree?A.Clinicianshaveasharpeyeforapatient’scondition.B.Machinesalwaysgeneratemoreaccuratepredictions.C.Doctorsshouldsummarizetheexperiencesthey’veseen.D.Physicians’interactionswithpatientshavebeendevalued.30.WhydoestheauthormentiontheresearchfindinginParagraph6?A.Tointroducethewideuseofclinicalintuition.B.explainthelogicchainofclinicalintuition.C.provetheaccuracyofclinicalintuition.D.Topresentfeedbacksonclinicalintuition.DAgoodmealhasapositiveimpactonone’smood.ThosewhofeastonChristmasbuffetalmostenjoyanimmediateriseintheirbloodsugar.Thatwillpromptafloodofchemicalsthatactashappyhormonestorushthroughtheirbrains.Butthepleasuregoesdeeper.Tyrosineandtryptophanareneededtheproduction,respectively,ofdopamine,aneurotransmitter(神经传递素)thatcontrolsfeelingsofpleasureandreward,andserotonin,anothersuch,whichhelpsregulatemood.cranberriesarehighinvitaminC,whichisinvolvedinconvertingdopaminetonoradrenaline,anotherneurotransmitter,andalackofwhichseemstobeassociatedwithdepression.Withmental-healthdisordersrising,agrowingnumberofscientistsinvestigatinghowfoodornutritionalsupplementsaffectthemind.Butseparatingthebrain’snutritionalneedsfromthoseoftherestofthebodyisdifficult.Notpossiblefornow,atleast.And,comparedwithotherfields,nutritionalscienceisunderstudied.Thatispartlybecauseitishardtowell.Randomisedcontrolledtrials(rcts),usedtestdrugs,aretricky.Fewpeoplewanttostickexperimentaldietforyears.Instead,mostnutritionalscienceisbasedonobservationalstudiesthattryestablishassociationsbetweenparticularfoodsornutrientsanddiseases.Theycannotbeusedto第5页/共8页definitivelyproveacausal(因果关系的)connectionbetweenadiseaseandaparticularcontributingfactoradiet.Butaswithsmokingandlungcancer,puttogetherenoughofthesekindsoftrialsandcausalnarrativesbegintoemerge.Itisnowclearthatsomedietsareparticularlygoodthebrain.Onerecentstudyconcludesthatstickingtothe“Mediterraneandiet”,highinvegetables,fruit,pulsesandwholegrains,lowinandprocessedmeatsandsaturatedfats,decreasesthechancesofexperiencingstrokes,cognitiveimpairmentanddepression.Otherrecentworklookingata“green”Mediterraneandiethighinpolyphenolsfoundreducedage-relatedbrainatrophy.Anotherversion,theminddiet,emphasises,amongotherthings,eatingberriesoverotherkindsoffruitandseemstolessentheriskofdementia.Scientiststhinksuchdietsmayworkreducinginflammationinthebrain.This,inturn,mayaffectareassuchasthehippocampus,whichisassociatedwithlearning,memoryandmoodregulation—andwherenewneuronsgrowinadults.Studiesinanimalsshowthatwhentheyarefedadietrichomega-3fattyacids(fromwalnuts,forexample),flavonoids(consumedmainlyviateaandwine),antioxidants(foundinberries)andresveratrol(foundredgrapes),neurongrowthisstimulatedandinflammatoryprocessesarereduced.Thisfitswithresearchsuggestingthatthosewhoregularlyeatultra-processed,friedandsugaryfoods,whichincreaseinflammationinthebrain,heightentheirriskofdevelopingdepression.31.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplace“tricky”ParagraphA.Rare.B.Tough.C.Traditional.D.Contradictory.32.Howdoresearchersdoobservationalstudiesinnutritionalscience?A.Bykeepingatanexperimentaldietforyears.B.carryingoutrandomizedcontrolledtrials.C.identifyingaparticularcontributingfactor.D.Bycomparingfindingsofcertainkindsoftrials.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Adietrichinfruitisgoodforcognitiveabilities.B.Peoplefondofsugaryfoodsmaybearisklover.C.Redgrapesaddfueltoinflammationinthebrain.D.Drinkingteacansolveage-relatedbrainproblems.34.Whatismainlydiscussedthepassage?A.Thelinksbetweendietsanddiseases.B.ThesignificanceofMediterraneandiet.C.Thefunctionofvariousneurotransmitters.D.Theinfluenceofnutrientsonmentalhealth.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共分）根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThebeginningoftheYearoftheDragonhasforeshadoweda“SongofIceandFire”withtheemergenceof第6页/共8页Sora,atext-to-videoAImodel.VideosgeneratedbySoradisplaystrongconsistencywhenitcomestocharactersandbackgrounds,andsupportcontinuousshotsofupto60seconds,includinghighlydetailedsettingsandmultiplecameraangles.35However,filminsidersnotedthatcurrently,AI-generated60-secondvideoscannotsupportthecreationofafull-lengthmovie,theideathatAItoolswill“bomb”thefilmandtelevisionindustryisfarunfounded.Meanwhile,expertssaynottoworryexcessively,astheintegrationofAIwillhelpoptimizecertainoccupations,attractmoreinnovativetalentsandbringnewpossibilitiestothefilmandtelevisionindustry.36Fromtheageoffilmstocktothedigitalage,frompracticaleffectstodigitaleffects,from2DSora,likeanytechnologicalrevolutioninthecentury-longhistoryoffilm,willimproveproductionefficiency,updateproductionmayevencreatenewgenresandtrendsinfilmmaking.37StudentslearningfilmproductioncanviewSoraasahelpfulassistanttounleashtheirsci-fiimagination.FacingthepanicsignalsthatAItoolswillthreatentheglobalfilmindustry,filminsidersarguedthatthefundamentalDNAoffilmartandthathumancreativitycannotbereplaced.38Manydirectors,screenwriters,andactorsachievegreatworksbycontinuouslyintegratingpersonalemotionsandexperiences.ThiskindofindividualcreativitycannotbeimitatedbymachineslikeSora.39However,justastheinventionofprintingdidnotreplaceliteratureortheinventionofphotographydidnotreplacepainting,Soraanditssubsequentupdatesandupgradeswillnotreplacefilmbecausethecoreoftheseartformsiscreativity,whichisauniqueaspectofhumanthought.A.WithOpenAI’siterationspeed,producingAIvideosdozensofminuteslongisnotfaroff.B.Itisalsolikelybeincorporatedintofilmandtelevisioneducationandtraininginthefuture.C.Filmandtelevisionarecloselylinkedtotechnologicaladvancements,whichstimulatecreativity.D.Sorawillundoubtedlypromptchangesinexistingindustrialproductionandmayevenreplacesomejobs.E.Soraisundoubtedly“moreofopportunitythanachallenge”fortheglobalfilmandtelevisionindustry.F.Creativityandfilmproductionrequirestheintegrationofemotionalexperiencesandindividualmemories.G.Thisimpliesthatwithjustatextdescription,ordinarypeopleusingSoramayabletobecome“greatdirectors”.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，满分32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、412分，第423分，第435分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Asthesayinggoes,‘timewaitsfornoman’.Timeisalwaysagainstus,andwejustcan’tstopit.Maybethat’swhysomeofusarealwaysrunninglateforappointments.Butiftimekeepingisnotwhatyou’regoodat,dontstress.Theremightbeagoodreasonforyourlackofpunctuality.People’sattitudestobeingontimevary.Someclock-watchandmakesurethey’rebangontimeforameeting.Itis,afterall,rudetobelate,andifyoucanmakeitontime,whycan’teveryoneelse?Butif,likeme,youwanttomakeeverysecondcount,youmighttrytosqueezeasmuchasyoucanintothetimeyouhaveavailable.However,whenyourscheduledoesn’truntoplan,yourpunctual