模块三第6讲情态动词和虚拟语气学案含解析

第6讲情态动词和虚拟语气Ⅰ.语法填空1.(2019·江苏高考)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwewouldhavehad(have)agoodtimetogether.

2.(2018·江苏高考)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishIhad(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Iwishthatspeakerhadspokenlonger(那个演讲者说得再长点).

2.(2019·天津高考)Mary’sdescriptionofthepartywassovividthatIfeltasifIhadbeenthere(好像我在那里一样).

3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem,myparentswouldnotletme(不让我去).

语法填空二谨记1.若句中谓语动词为原形,在其前设纯空格题时,注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词;2.一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语,就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态,除了if虚拟条件句,还应注意虚拟语气的标志词,如suggest,wouldrather,asif,wish,otherwise,or,butfor等。一、情态动词含有情态动词的时态和被动语态1.情态动词+原形:除了表示现在的时间外,还可以表示将来,说明动作尚未发生。如:※Youcangonowbutyou’dbettercomeearliertomorrow.2.情态动词+bedoing:表示动作正在发生。如:※Yourmothermaybewaitingforyoutoreturnhome.※Hemustbeplayingfootballontheplaygroundnow.3.情态动词+havedone:(1)表示对过去情况的推测:※Hemusthavestartedwritinghisbookalongtimeago.(2)表示过去“该做而没做”“能做而没做”“可做而没做”等含义,与过去事实不符或相反。※IshouldhavegonethismorningbutIwasfeelingabitill.4.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done※Pupilsshouldbehelpedtoadoptapositiveapproachtotheenvironment.常考情态动词的用法1.can(1)表示能力,一般译为“能、会”,尤其指生来具备的能力。※CanyouspeakEnglish?(2)表示许可,常在口语中。(3)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t译为“不可能”。※Canthenewsbetrue?※Themooncan’talwaysbefull.2.could(1)can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。※Ididn’tknowifIcouldraiseachildbymyself.(2)could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。※Couldyougivemesomeadviceonthebestwaytodothis?3.may(1)表示请求、许可,比can正式。※MayIuseyourcomputer?(2)表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。※Ithinkhemaybereadyforasleepsoon.(3)may的过去式为might。might也可以表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)。※Hesaidhemightnotbebackuntiltonight.(4)表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may+主+v.。※MayallofourwishescometruethisValentine’sDay.4.must(1)must表示主观看法,意为“必须”。※Wemustbehonestandfaithfultothepeople.(2)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’thaveto。※—MustIgotheretoday?—Yes,youmust.—No,youneedn’t.(3)must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。※Hemustbewaitingforus.(4)其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”。※Wemustn’tletthewaterruntowaste.【点津】其反意疑问句的构成形式:当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。※Hemustbegoodatmaths,isn’the?※Youmusthavetoldheraboutit,haven’tyou?5.need(1)need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“不必”。用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’thaveto。※—NeedIgowithyou?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.(2)need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语,后面多接动词不定式。※Adultsneedtolivetheirownlivesandthat’sdifficultwithchildren.【点津】如果是物作主语,一般用needdoing与needtobedone,这种情况下应注意两点:①主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;②该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。※Thecarneedswashing.=Thecarneedstobewashed.6.daredare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need,有两种词性:(1)dare作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。※Howdareyoupickupthephoneandlisteninonmyconversations!※Mostpeoplehatehim,buttheydon’tdaretosayso,becausehestillrulesthecountry.(2)dare作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。※Myboyfrienddoesn’tdaretoholdmyhandinpublic.【点津】口语中,dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。※DoyoudaretellhimwhatIsaid?7.shall(1)shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)(2)shall表示命令、允诺(多用于第二、三人称)※IshalldoallIcantoputthematterright.※Youshallhaveacomputerifyouareadmittedtoakeyuniversity.8.should(1)should意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。※Weshoulddoeverythingwecantomaintainworldpeace.(2)shouldhavedone意为“本应该做某事而没做”,表示对过去动作的责备、批评。※IshouldhavegonethismorningbutIwasfeelingabitill.9.willwill表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。※Ifyouwillundertaketheaffair,Ishallbeverygrateful.表示“推测”的情态动词1.can表示对具体事物的推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。※Theycan’tbelieveyoucanevenholdaconversation.【点津】can表推测用于肯定句时,不能指对具体事物的推测,而是表示事物的属性特征。※Evenanexperiencedclimbercangetintotrouble.2.must表示肯定的推测,一般用于肯定句中。※Thecomputerdoesn’twork.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.3.might表示推测时不一定是may的过去式,只是表示其可能性比may小。※Ifyoulookatthemoon,youmay/mighthavemanyquestionstoask.4.could表示推测时,语气比can弱。※ShecouldbeinLondonorParisorTokyo—nobodyknows.5.should表示推测的可能性比较大,表示有依据或有前提的推测,仅比must的可能性小一点。意为“按说应该……”。※Iwonderwhat’shappenedtoAnnie.Sheshouldbeherebynow.小题快练Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空(必要时用否定形式)①Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorestmay/canbecometherichest.

②YoumustbeJason.Youhaven’tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.③Asthedeadlineisdrawingnear,nooneshallleavewithhisownworkuncompleted.④—Ican’tthankyouenoughforwhatyouhavedoneforme.

—You’rewelcome.⑤Myroomisamess,butIneedn’tcleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.⑥Mayyousucceed!Ⅱ.完成句子①Weneedn’tdosomuchhomework(不必做这么多的家庭作业).Therefore,wehavemoretimeforafter-schoolactivities.

②Inmyopinion,bydoingpart-timejobs,collegestudentscangainsomesocialexperience(能获得一些社会经验)andbroadentheiroutlooks.

③Youshallfail(你会失败)ifyoudon’tworkhard.

④WheneverImademistakesandfeltdiscouraged,myteacherandmyclassmateswouldhelpmefigureouthowIcouldhaveavoidedthem(本可以避免那些错误).

情态动词+have+过去分词1.can/could/may/mighthave+donesth.表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生过的事情。※Shouldyoulookatwhatyoucouldhavedonebetterandlearnfromitsoyoucanimprove?※Someonemighthaveguessedoursecretandpassediton.2.musthave+donesth.对过去时间里可能发生过的事情的推测,语气较强,意为“肯定/一定做过某事”。※Chinamusthavedonesomethingsupremelyrighttoproducetheeconomicmiracleweobserve.3.should/oughttohavedonesth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。※Shereallyoughttohaveretiredlongago,butshe’sstillworking.※Wereallyshouldn’thavelethimgoswimmingbyhimself.4.needn’thavedonesth.本没必要做某事却做了。※Ineedn’thavewrittentohimbecausehephonedmeshortlyafterwards.5.wouldliketohavedonesth.过去本想做某事而没做。※Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle,butIwasverybusythen.小题快练用情态动词+havedone填空①Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.Hemusthavedrunk(drink)toomuch.

②—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it’stoobad.Youshouldhavemade(make)fullpreparations.

③Wecouldhavefaced(face)thedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme?

④Georgecan’thavegone(notgo)sofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.

二、虚拟语气虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的,此时主句不用虚拟语气;而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生,此时用虚拟语气。1.虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形should+动词原形wereto+动词原形※Iftherewerenoair,wecouldn’tlive.※Iftherehadbeennoairinthetube,theresultoftheexperimentwouldhavebeenmoreaccurate.※Ifheweretocometomorrow,thingswouldbeeasier.2.虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should,可把if省略,把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装;若为否定形式,not不可提前。※Shoulditraintomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?※Weretherenofriction,wecouldnotwalk.※Hadweknownaboutthenewmethod,weshouldhaveapplieditearlier.3.错综时间条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。※IfIhadmethimbefore,Icouldrecognizehim.4.含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达,而是用butfor,without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。※Withoutair,therewouldn’tbelivingthingsintheworldnow.(2)用otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气。※Heremindedmeofthat,otherwise,Iwouldhaveforgottenit.(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来,结构为“虚拟情况+but+真实情况”。※Shewouldhavecometoseeyou,butshewassobusythatday.使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句1.wish与hope后接宾语从句的区别:hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。如:※IwishIwereastallasyou.※Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.※Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.2.ifonly与Iwish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所接的虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的情况相同。如:※IfonlyIhadlistenedtomyparents!3.Iwouldrather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去,表示“宁愿做什么”。如:※I’dratheryouwenttomorrow(now).※I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidit.4.以asif(asthough)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同。如:※Theteachertreatsthepupilasifhewereherownchild.从句中用(should+)动词原形的用法1.在forfearthat(以免),incase(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气。※Wehadameetingandtalkedthematteroverfacetofaceforfearthatthereshouldbeanymisunderstanding.2.在表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词可归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order,command)、三个建议(advise,suggest,propose)、四个要求(demand,require,request,ask)”。如:※MyfamilyinsistedthatIshouldnotgivein,butstayandfight.※Hecommandedthatroads(should)bebuilttolinkcastlesacrosstheland.※IsuggestedtoMikethatwe(should)gooutforamealwithhiscolleagues.3.在order,suggestion,idea,plan,proposal,advice,demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中用虚拟语气。如:※Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies(should)besenttotheearthquake-strickenareasoon.It’s(about/high)timethat+主语+did/should...It’s(about/high)time后的从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形,此处should不能省略,意为“(早)该干某事了”。如:※It’stime(that)wewenttobed.※It’shightimethatweshouldtakeactiontoprotectthewaterresources.小题快练①Ifwehadtaken(take)anotherroad,wewouldn’thavebeenstuckinthetrafficjamforsolong.

②IwishIhadbeen(be)atmysister’sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.

③Itishightimethatyouconsidered/shouldconsider(consider)thatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.

④Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwewouldhave(have)nowheretostaynow.

⑤Theymetforthefirsttime,buttheytalkedhappilyasiftheyhadbeen(be)goodfriendsforalongtime.

⑥AsFatherandMotherthoughtitwasabigoccasionforme,theysuggestedI(should)hold(hold)abirthdaypartyathometocelebrateit.

Ⅰ.语法填空Accordingtoarecentstudy,plantsareabletomakeintelligentdecisions.Theyarealot1._________(smart)thanwethought.Scientistshavediscoveredthatthepeaplantcanmakedecisionsonhow2._________(survive)best,eventhoughitdoesnothaveabrain.Researchersgrewseveralpeaplantsthathadtheirroots3._________(separate)betweentwopots.Eachpotcontaineddifferentamountofnutrients.Onepotalwayshadthesameamount,4._________theotherpotvariedbetweenalotandalittle.Theplantsturnedouttobe5._________(amaze)consistent(一致的)atturningtheirrootstothepotwiththemostnutrients.

ResearcherAlexKacelniksaystheexperimentraisesaquestion,notaboutplants,6._________aboutanimalsandhumans.Hewonderswhetherthepeaplantismoreefficientinusingitslimitedresourcesabout7._________(make)decisionsthanhumans.Hesays,“Wehaveaverywonderfulbrain,butmaybemostofthetimewe’renotusing8._________.”ProfessorKacelnikdoesnotthinkthatpeaplantsareintelligentinthehumansense,butthattheyexhibitcomplex9._________(behave)toefficientlytakeadvantageofnaturalopportunities.Itwillbeinterestingtoseehowourliveswouldbedifferentifwe10.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了最新研究表明植物能做出最有利于自己生存的决定,植物要远比我们想象的聪明。1.【解析】smarter。考查比较级。根据后面的thanwethought可确定,这里需要使用比较级,所以填smarter。2.【解析】tosurvive。考查常用结构。“疑问词+不定式”作宾语,相当于一个从句,所以填tosurvive。3.【解析】separated。考查固定结构。“它们的根”和“分开”之间是被动关系,所以用havesth.done结构,填separated。4.【解析】while。考查连词。表示“然而”,所以填while。5.【解析】amazingly。考查副词。修饰形容词consistent,用副词,所以填amazingly。6.【解析】but。考查固定句型。not...but...不是……而是……,是固定句型,所以填but。7.【解析】making。考查非谓语动词。介词about之后用名词性质的词作宾语,故此处用v.-ing形式,所以填making。8.【解析】it。考查代词。指代前面的averywonderfulbrain,故用it。9.【解析】behavior。考查名词。作exhibit的宾语,用名词形式,所以填behavior。10.【解析】adopted。考查虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反的情况,其句型为“If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were),主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”,所以填adopted。Ⅱ.语段填空Highschoolisconsidered(被认为)themostimportantstage.Asaseniorthreestudent,itwillnotbelongbeforeIgraduate.NowIhavemanythingstosharewithmyfellows(与同伴分享).Firstofall,I’dliketoexpressmythankstothosewholentmeahand(帮了我一把)whenIwasdisappointed.Itwastheirkindnessthathelpedmeregainmyself-confidenc