高考英语语法第三讲从句省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖课件

从句考点归纳1/61从句1.名词性从句2.定语从句3.状语从句2/61名词性从句1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.同位语从句3/61I．语序问题在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分应用陈说句语序，Heasked____

foraviolin．（NMET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid4/61II．用it代替主语从句或宾语从句为了使句子保持平衡，惯用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导主语从句惯用于此种句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导主语从句普通不后置。比如：Ihate____

whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull．（MET98）A．it

B．that C．theseD．them［解析］答案：A。此题考查了it作先行词代替宾语从句，而把宾语从句放在句末。其它人称代词或指示代词都不能代替从句。5/612.用it作形式主语结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句

Itisafactthat… 事实是…

Itisanhonorthat …非常荣幸

Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句

Itisnaturalthat… 很自然…

Itisstrangethat… 奇怪是…(3)Itis＋不及物动词＋从句

Itseemsthat… 似乎…

Ithappenedthat… 恰巧…

Itappearsthat… 似乎…(4)It＋过去分词＋从句

Itisreportedthat… 据报道…

Ithasbeenprovedthat… 已证实…

Itissaidthat… 听说…6/61III．关联词区分7/61that从句与wh-从句区分：that连词在从句中不作成份，不含有疑问意义，而wh-连词在从句中作成份，且含有疑问意义。1.____

wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____

wehave.（NMET96）A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,that

D.That,what［解析］答案:A。此题考查了两个名词性从句,因为从句中都缺宾语,所以都应选what不选that,that在引导名词性从句时不作成份。2.—Doyouremember____

hecame?—Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.（NMET94）A.howB.whenC.thatD.if［解析］答案:A。依据答语Hecamebycar可知,问句应是提问方式,所以选择A,how。再如：______hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.（NMET93）A.What

B.ThatC.Thefact

D.Thematter8/61

另外，在名词性从句复习过程中，我们还须尤其注意以下问题：

1．主语从句Whatever,whoever,whichever引导主语从句区分。whatever相当于anythingthat,是what强调形式，表示“不论什么”。比如：Whatevershedoesisridiculous．whoever相当于anyonewho,是who强调形式，表示“不论谁；任何……人”。比如：Whoeverwalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold．whichever“不论哪个;不论哪些”,既指人,也指物;能够单独使用,能够修饰名词,也能够后跟of短语。比如：Whicheverofusfulfilshistaskfirstwilllendahandtoothers．Whicheverbookyouborrowdoesn'tmattertous．

9/612．表语从句reason后面表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面定语从句能够用why或者that引导。比如：Thereasonwhywedidn'ttrusthimisthathehasoftenlied．3．同位语从句①能跟同位语从句名词。idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt等名词后面,能够跟that或者连接代词、连接副词引导同位语从句。同位语从句只是对前面名词作深入解释,说明前面名词详细含义。比如：Wearesurprisedatthefactthatthechildrendiditontheirown．TheyexpressedthehopethatwewouldgoandvisitGermanyagain．10/61②同位语从句和定语从句区分：that作为关系代词,能够引导定语从句,充当句子成份,在从句中作宾语时能够省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词作用,没有实际意义，不充当句子成份,普通不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:Thesuggestion(that)heraisedatthemeetingisverygood.（that引导定语从句,作宾语,能够省略）Thesuggestionthatthestudents(should)haveplentyofexerciseisverygood.（that引导同位语从句）Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.（that引导同位语从句,不能省略）Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?（that引导定语从句,作宾语,能够省略）11/61名词性从句两点注意注意一引导词that省略引导宾语从句时，that能够省略引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省12/61

注意二：名词性从句中主句和从句时态一致

（1）宾语从句中主句和从句时态保持一致，但假如从句中表示提醒是客观现象，即使主句是过去时态，从句仍用普通现在时。如：

Hello,I

didn’t

know

you

were

in

London.

How

long

have

you

been

here?

The

teacher

told

us

that

light

travels

at

a

very

high

speed.

13/61（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，假如由and

连接两个或两个以上主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：

When

the

meeting

will

begin

______not

been

decided

yet.

（hasnot）

When

they

will

start

and

where

they

go

_______not

been

decided

yet.

(havenot)

When

and

where

the

meeting

will

begin

_______not

been

decided.

（hasnot）

14/61名词性从句例题P22/31上P22/34上P23/36上P23/39上P23/40上P23/37下15/61定语从句16/61一、引导定语从句关系词指代人who，whom，that指代事物which，that所属关系whose，ofwhich指地点where指时间when指原因why17/61二、关系代词that和which在很多情况下能够交换，但以下情况只用that。All______canbedonehasbeendone.Doyouhaveanything________youdon’tunderstand?Thereislittle_______canbebelievedaboutit.Thebookdoesn’tsaymuch________amuseschildren.that

thatthat

that先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that。(something有时可用which)18/61Hamburgisthemostbeautifulcity_______I’veeverseen.ThisisthebestTV_______ismadeinChina.Thefirstmuseum_______hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.

thatthatthat先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。19/61I’vereadallthebooks________youlentme.Nosample________wenavereceivedissatisfactory.Pleasesendusanyinformation________youhaveaboutthesubject.Heistheonlyperson_________waspresentatthetime.

that

that

that

that先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时，引导定语从句用that。20/61Thefamouswriterandhisworks_________theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.Avictimisaperson,animalorthing________sufferspain,death,harm,etc.

thatthat先行词中现有些人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that.21/61Who_______youhaveeverseencandoitbetter?Who_______youaretalkingtoistheyoungfellow?

that

thatWho做先行词时，引导定语从句用that。22/61三、不用that，而用which，who，whom情况Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_____madehisparentsveryangry.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_______costmemorethan100yuan.MrSmith,_______gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,________Ihaven’tmetforalongtime.whichwhichwhowhom在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。23/61Herbag,in________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.Thisistheringon________shespent1000dollars.XiaoWang,with________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.whichwhichwhom在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。24/61

注意：怎样判断介词Thegirl_____whichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.Heistheman_____whomIthinkyoucandepend.1、看定语从句中动词与介词搭配foron25/612、看定语从句中形容词与介词搭配Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks______whichIamnotveryfamiliar.Dolphinsmightbetrainedtocooperatewithfishermenandhelpthembyfindingorevencatchingfish,______allofwhichactivitiesdolphinsareexpert.within26/613、依据先行词判断，所用介词与先行词搭配Therate______whichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.Thisisourclassroom,_______________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.atinthefrontof27/61Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5of_______arewomen.Thebookcontains50poems,mostof________werewrittenin1930s.Therearetwoleft,oneof_______isalmostfinished,andtheotherof_______isnotquite.Ihaveasentence,themeaningof_______Idon’tunderstand.whomwhichwhichwhichwhich名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom28/61where引导定语从句。先行词是表示地点名词或含有地点意义抽象名词，用where引导定语从句,在从句做状语。Thisisthetown

where

(=inwhich)Ispentmychildhood.Thetable

where

(=atwhich)sheissittingisanewone.Canyouthinkofasituation

whereyoumayusethisexpression?29/61注意1若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。Thelibrary________studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.Thelibrary,_______wasbuiltinthe1930s,needsrepairing.Thelibrary________youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.wherewhichwhich30/61注意2区分where引导定语从句和状语从句where前面有被修饰地点名词时，是定语从句，不然是状语从句。Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestions.Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.31/61when引导定语从句。先行词是表示时间名词，用when引导定语从句,在从句作状语。I’llneverforgettheday

when

(=onwhich)Imetyou.Thiswasthetime

when

(=atwhich)heleftforBeijing.Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,

when

wewon’tbebusy.32/61注意:若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。I’llneverforgettheday_________wefirstmetinthepark.I’llneverforgetthetime_________Isentoncampus.I’llneverforgetthetime__________wasspentwithyou.whenwhich\thatwhich\that33/61why引导定语从句。先行词是表示原因名词，用引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。Thisisthereason

why

(=forwhich)Ididn’tcomehere.Thereason__________shegavewasnottrue.which\that34/61whose引导定语从句。表示所属关系。Theriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whoseThereareinthisclass20students,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose35/61定语从句例题P22/36下P23/38上P24/35上P28/33上36/61

状语从句37/611、时间状语从句：隶属连词有：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas,once…等。38/61注意：（1）when,as,whilewhen既可引导连续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它表示动作同时发生，或从句动作发生在主句动作之前。39/61

as引导连续性动作，侧重主句和从句动作同时发生。e.g.Hesangashewalked.40/61

While：指是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里动作必须是连续性，它也强调主句和从句动作同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作对比。e.g.WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition.41/61由where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere引导2、地点状语从句：42/61由because,as,since,nowthat引导。区分是:

because：表示“因为”，直接而明确原因和理由，语气最强，why提问句子，普通都用because回答。e.g.Hedidn'tcomebecausehewasill.3、原因状语从句：43/61since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。e.g.Sinceyouarehere,youmustdoit.nowthat意思与since相同，表示“既然”。

e.g.Nowthatalltheguestshavearrived,let’shaveourdinner.44/61for也表示“因为”，不过并列连词，它连接不是状语从句，语气比较强。

Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging.45/61由sothat,inorderthat,incase（以防、省得）,forfearthat等引导：Ihidthebookforfearthatheshouldseeit.4、目标状语从句：46/61由that,so…that,such…that引导：注意：so后面跟是形容词和副词

such后面跟是名词（词组）5、结果状语从句：47/61由if,unless,aslongas(=solongas)(只要),incase(that)(假如，万一),onlyif,providing(that)等引导：

IncasethatIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutthat.6、条件状语从句：48/61由though,although,while,as(即使尽管),evenif,eventhough引导.7、让步状语从句：49/611.由连词as…as,notso(as)…as,than等引导：2.“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主句)，这一句型也归