Unit-7-The-Glorious-Messiness-of-English市公开课一等奖省赛课

Unit7

TheGloriousMessinessofEnglishRobertMacNeil1/33BackgroundInformationEnglish

isa

WestGermaniclanguage

thataroseinthe

Anglo-Saxon

n.盎格鲁撒克逊人kingdomsof

England

andspreadintowhatwastobecomesouth-east

Scotland

undertheinfluenceofthe

Anglian

盎格鲁方言

medievalkingdomofNorthumbria

n.诺林伯利亚（中世纪时在英国北方王国）.Followingtheeconomic,political,military,scientific,cultural,andcolonialinfluenceof

GreatBritain

andtheUnitedKingdomfromthe18thcentury,viathe

BritishEmpire,andoftheUnitedStatessincethemid-20thcentury,

ithasbeen

widelydispersedaroundtheworld,becomethe

leadinglanguage

ofinternationaldiscourse.2/3301.estimate

['estimeit]

n.估价,预计v.预计,估价,评价例句:Heishighlyestimatedamonghiscolleagues.

同事们对他评价很高。Theyestimatedthenumberofvisitorsat10million.

他们预计参观者人数为1000万。3/3301.estimate

2

v

~sth(atsth)formanapproximateideaofsth;calculateroughlythecost,size,value,etcofsth预计:Weestimatedhisincomeat/tobeabout8000ayear.我们预计他一年收入大约8000英镑.*她预计这项工作需要三个月.Sheestimatedthattheworkwouldtakethreemonths.~forsthcalculatetheprobablepriceof(aspecifiedjob)估算（某项工作）费用:Weaskedourbuildertoestimatefortherepairoftheceiling.我们要求营造商估算一下修理天花板费用.4/3302.hitparade流行歌曲排行榜

The

hitparadeisthelistofCDswhichhavesoldmostcopiesoverthepreviousweekormonth.(OLD-FASHIONED)

=chartsregionalprotectionism地方保护主义

Tradeprotectionism贸易保护主义FreeTradeandProtectionism自由贸易与保护主义5/3302.外来词：loanword,foreignword,adoptedword,alienword外来词，也称为借词或外来语，一个语言从别语言借来词汇。汉语外来词形式有音译、音译加表意、音译与意译结合、直接借用四种主要形式。可乐(Coke)，沙发(Sofa)，随身听(Walkman)，纽约(NewYork)，芭蕾(ballet)….6/3303.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.英语就是这么一个标准大杂烩。7/3305.arouse

/əˈrauz;əˋraʊz/v~sb(fromsth)wakesbfromsleep唤醒某人:Hewasarousedfromhisnapbythedoorbell.他午睡时被门铃吵醒.~cause(sth)toappear;awaken引发（某事物）;激发:Herstrangebehaviourarousedoursuspicions.她不寻常举动引发我们猜疑..~sb(from/outofsth)causesbtobecomeactive鼓动﹑勉励﹑激励某人:arousesbfromapathy,inactivity,etc

勉励某人活跃起来﹑活动起来等8/3305.stir

1

/stɜː(r);stə/v(-rr-)~sth(withsth)搅动,搅和,搅拌（液体等）:stirone'steawithaspoon用匙搅动茶~sthintosth;~sthin用搅拌方法将某物搀入另一物中:stirmilkintoacakemixture把牛奶搅和到做蛋糕混合料中(causesthto)moveslightly（使某物）微动:Notaleafwasstirring,ieTherewasnowindtomovetheleaves.树叶一动都不动（无风）.

~sb(tosth)激励,勉励（某人）;激发（某人感情等）:Thestorystirredtheboy'simagination.那故事引发了那男孩幻想.(informalderogatory口,贬)causetroublebetweenpeople(espbytellinguntruestories,gossiping,etc)搬弄是非（尤指以不实之词﹑流言蜚语等）:Who'sbeenstirring?

是谁搬弄是非?(idm习语)stirone's/the`bloodrousesbtoexcitementorenthusiasm使某人血液沸腾;使某人激动或兴奋:Themusicreallystirredmyblood.这音乐确实使我非常激动.(phrv)stirsbup

rousesbtoaction鼓动某人采取行动:Heneedsstirringup.他需要勉励.stirsthupcause(trouble,etc)惹起（麻烦等）:stiruptrouble,unrest,discontent,etcamongtheworkers

在工人中挑起事端﹑煽起动荡﹑激起不满情绪等9/3305.stirrer

n(infmlderog口,贬)经常搬弄是非人;捣乱分子.

stirring

adj[通常作定语]veryexciting令人兴奋;激感人心:stirringadventurestories

扣人心弦冒险故事.

stirringlyadv.

#`stir-fryv(pt,pp-fried)cook(vegetables,meat,etc)byfryingthemforashorttimeinveryhotoilwhilestirringthem（用旺火）快炒（蔬菜﹑肉等）.norientaldishmadeinthisway（东方式）炒菜.stir

2

n(idm习语)instir(sl俚)inprison坐牢.10/3306.foreffect：做样子,为了给人良好印象,装门面；为得到效果11/3307.invade

/ɪnˈveɪd;ɪnˋved/v~(sth)(withsth)enter(acountryorterritory)witharmedforcesinordertoattack,damageoroccupyit武装进入（一国或一领地）;侵犯;侵入;侵略:Heorderedthearmytoinvadeatdawn.他命令军队拂晓侵入该国.AlexandertheGreatinvadedIndiawithalargearmy.亚历山大大帝曾率领大军入侵印度.尤用於被动语态

(fig比喻)enter(sth)inlargenumbers,espsoastocausedamage;crowdinto涌入（某事物）（尤指为破坏）;侵袭:Thecancercellsmayinvadeotherpartsofthebody.癌细胞可能侵袭身体其它部分.acityinvadedbytourists游客大批涌入城市amindinvadedwithworries,anxieties,etc

充满烦恼﹑焦虑等心境.interferewith(sth);intrudeon干扰（某事物）;侵扰:invadesb'srights,privacy,etc

侵犯某人权利﹑隐私权等.invadernpersonorthingthatinvades侵入人或物;武装进入者;侵犯者.12/3307.B.C.abbr.公元前（BeforeChrist）；中心间距（BetweenCenters）；化学学士（BachelorofChemistry）；商学士（BachelorofCommerce）A.D.

['ei'di:]

abbr.<拉>公元(=AnnoDomini）13/3307.Celt

[selt]

n.凯尔特人(印欧民族一支)inhabit

[in'hæbit]

v.居住于,占据,栖息例句:Fishinhabitthesea.

鱼栖息于海中。Onlyafewpeopleinhabitedtheisland.

只有少数人在这个岛上居住。14/3308.Sanskrit['sænskrit]Sanskritn.梵语adj.梵语BuddhistSanskrit：佛教梵语；佛教梵文ClassicalSanskrit：古典梵语；古典梵文descended

[di'sendid]

descendedfrom~adj.为...后代,出身于...动词descend过去式和过去分词形式例句:Thesundescendedbehindthehills.

太阳下山了。Adoubleblessinghasdescendeduponthehouse.双喜临门。15/3308.Asystematicstudyrevealedthatmanymodernlanguagesdescendedfromacommon

parent

language,losttousbecausenothingwaswrittendown.系统研究揭示,许各种当代语言来自同一母语,这种语言因无文字记载而失传。16/3309.comeupwithIfyoucomeupwithaplanoridea,youthinkofitandsuggestit.想出计划，提出计划Severalofthemembershavecomeupwithsuggestionsoftheirown...很多组员都提出了自己计划…Ifyoucomeupwithasumofmoney,youmanagetoproduceitwhenitisneeded.提供钱财IfWarrencancomeupwiththe$15million,we'llgotoLondon.假如华伦能拿出一千五百万元，咱就去伦敦。17/3309.Indo-Europeanlanguage

印欧语drift

[drift]

vi.漂流,漂移,吹积,漂泊,偏离vt.使漂流,使堆积n.漂流,趋势,漂泊,大意,要旨,听任,[地]冰碛,水平巷道例句:Shefinallydriftedintwohoursaftereveryoneelse.

在大家到齐之後两小时，她终於姗姗来到。Atinyfishingboatwasdriftingslowlyalong.

一只小小渔船在缓缓地漂去。Theroadwasedgedwithsnowdrifts.

路边上有一个个雪堆。driftedapart~渐渐疏远18/3312.disciple

[di'saipl]

n.弟子,门徒,信徒例句:HeisadevoutdiscipleoftheBuddhas.

他是佛教一名虔诚信徒。Wearedisciplesoftheartisticleader.

我们是那位艺术领袖追随者。19/3312.martyr

['mɑ:tə]

n.烈士,殉道者,(因病等)长久受苦者vt.杀害,折磨例句:HewasmartyredbytheRomans.

他被罗马人处死而成为殉道者。Shediedamartyrforliberty.

她为自由而捐躯。~tosth(infml口)constantsuffererfromsth长久受某物之苦:She‘samartyrtoheartdiseases.她长久受心脏病折磨.

20/3313.Viking

['vaikiŋ]

n.北欧海盗,斯堪纳维亚人Scandinavia

[.skændi'neiviə]

n.斯堪纳维亚（北欧地名）OldNorse

n.古斯堪那维亚语21/3313.ButOldNorseandEnglishbothsurvived,andsoyoucanrearachild(English)orraiseachild(Norse).但北欧语和英语都留存下来了,所以养孩子既可用英语词rear又可用北欧语词raise。rear[riə]vt.培养；树立；栽种vi.暴跳；高耸adv.在后面；向后adj.后面；[军]后方；后面n.后面；[美俚]屁股；后方部队22/3314.Norman

['nɔ:mən]

n.诺曼(男子名)n.法国诺曼底人,诺曼底语adj.诺曼底,诺曼底人(语)例句:ThischurchisafineexampleofNormanarchitecture.

这座教堂是经典诺曼式建筑。23/3314.sovereign

['sɔvrin]

n.元首,金镑adj.含有主权,至高无上,极好例句:Noearthlysovereigncandowhathepleases.

没有一个世间君王能够为所欲为。SultanissovereignrulerofcertainMuslimcountries.

苏丹是一些穆斯林国家最高统治者。Thepapalauthorityissovereign.

罗马教皇权力是至高无上。24/3315.WilliamCaxton

(ca.1415~1422–ca.March1492)wasanEnglishmerchant,

diplomat,

writer

and

printer.Asfarasisknown,hewasthefirstEnglishpersontoworkasaprinterandthefirsttointroducea

printingpress

intoEngland.HewasalsothefirstEnglishretailerofprintedbooks(hisLondoncontemporariesinthesametradewereallDutch,GermanorFrench).

（威廉•卡克斯顿；1422～1491）英国第一个印刷商，在莎士比亚之前对英语影响最大人。到1491年逝世时，他出版了约100本书，其中有24本是他自己译作。他印刷书中其中也包含《坎特伯雷故事集》、《特洛伊勒斯与克里希达》、《罗宾汉故事小唱》和马洛里《亚瑟王之死》。25/3315.springfrom

起源于例句:Heissprungfromnobleancestors.

他出身名门。Whereonearthdidyouspringfrom?

你是打哪儿冒出来?Springup快速生长26/33pouronto：涌到...上，把…淋到…上pouronto大量地饮酒drinkdeep...pouroilontotheflame：火上浇油pourout

倾诉，倾吐，倾泻pouroutinto倾注27/3315.capsule

[ˈkæpsju:l]n.胶囊(剂)；航天舱，密封舱

habitual

adj[attrib作定语]regular;usual惯常;通常:hishabitualplaceatthetable

他惯常坐在桌旁位子.doneconstantlyorasahabit经常做;习认为常:theirhabitualmoaning

他们那经常不停呻吟.habitually/-tʃuəlɪ;-tʃʊəlɪ/advusually;regularly通常地;Tomishabituallylateforschool.汤姆上学经常迟到.28/33catastrophe

/kəˈtæstrəfɪ;kəˋtæstrəfɪ/nsuddengreatdisasterormisfortune突如其来大灾难或大灾祸:Theearthquakewasaterriblecatastrophe.这次地震是可怕灾难.catastrophic/ˏkætəˈstrɔfɪk;ˏkætəˋstr