安徽省芜湖市2023-2024 高二下学期第一次学情诊断英语试题（含答案解析）

2023—2024学年高二下学期第一次学情检测英语试题考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.【答案】C1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whenisitprobablyconvenientforthewomantoreceivetheorder?A.At5:30. B.At6:20. C.At6:40.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Wecandeliveryourordertoday.Wouldyouliketoreceiveitinthemorningorintheafternoon?W:Well,I’llbeatworkalldayandbehomefromworkat5:30.So,you’dbettersenditafter6:30.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewomansatisfiedwithaboutthehouse?A.Thekitchen. B.Thebedroom. C.Thefurniture.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Thekitchenistoosmallandthefurnitureistooold.M:Atleast,thebedroomisbigenough.W:Yeah,that’stheonlyreasonwhyIthinkthehouseisstillacceptable.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatwillTeddointheperformance?A.Holdthedragonball. B.Actthedragonbody. C.Wavethedragonhead.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Ted,Ihearyou’llgiveadragondanceperformancetomorrow.Sowillyouwavethelionheadorthelionbodyorthetail?M:No.I’llholdaballcalledadragonball.Iusetheballtocommandtheactionofthedragon.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhydoesthegirlcometoMike?ATolearnabouthiscollection.B.Toaskhimaboutamuseum.C.Toinvitehimtoanexhibition.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Mike,areyouinterestedinlearningaboutthehistoryofcars?M:Certainly.YouknowI’macarlover.I’veevencollectedalotofmodelcars.W:There’saspecialexhibitionaboutcarinventorsinBeijingAutoMuseum.Whataboutgoingtherethisafternoon?M:Whynot?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirkids’hobbies. B.Theirpastweekend. C.Anaturepark.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Didyouhaveaniceweekend?M:Yes.MyfamilywenttotheRainforestationNaturePark.Wecampedthere.Andwesawmanywildanimalsandplants.Whataboutyou?W:Iwenthikingwithmyson.It’shisfavoritesport.Ifeltreallytired,butIenjoyedmyself.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whogaveaspeechlastweek?A.Adoctor. B.Acook. C.Acomputerengineer.7.Whatwillnextweek’sspeechbeabout?A.Studyingcomputerscienceatwork.B.Plantingvegetablesinspace.C.Keepinghealthyinlife.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:Whatdoyouthinkoftoday’sguestspeaker?W:Great!I’mgladwe’vegotthechancetolearnsomethingfreshaboutcomputerscience.M:Istillthinklastweek’sspeaker,DrSmith,isbetter.Afterlisteningtohisspeech,Ilearntmoreaboutmybodyandknewhowtokeephealthythroughexerciseanddietinlife.W:Well,hisspeechisreallyhelpful.Doyouknowwhoiscomingnextweek?M:We’llgetavisitfromanastronaut.Hewillopenoureyestogrowingvegetablesinspace.W:Wow!Ithinknextweek’sspeechwillbeexciting.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Wheredidtheboyprobablygolastnight?A.Toacinema. B.Toastadium. C.TotheGreens’.9.Whatwillthespeakersdothisafternoon?A.Finishtheirhomework. B.Dosomepart-timejobs. C.Takecareofalittleboy.【答案】8.C9.A【解析】【原文】M:Sara,howdoyoulikethemovieyousawlastnight?W:Reallygood.Youshouldhavegonetowatchitwithus.M:Iwantedto,butIhadababysittingjoblastnight.TheGreenswenttothestadiumtowatchafootballmatchandtheyaskedmetostayhomewiththeirsonforafewhours.W:Didyougetpaid?M:Yes.Iwaspaid14dollarsanhourandIreceived42dollarslastnight.W:Ibetyouhaven’tfinishedyourhomework.M:Notyet.Howaboutyou?W:Meeither.Iguesswecandoittogetherthisafternoon.Ineedsomehelpfromyou.M:OK.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inazoo. B.Inasupermarket. C.Inanamusementpark.11.Whatdoestheboyweartoday?A.Awhiteshirt. B.Blackshorts. C.AblackT-shirt.12.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Makeanannouncement. B.Gotothepolicestation. C.Searchfortheboy.【答案】10.C11.C12.A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,canyoudomeafavor?M:Sure,madam.WhatcanIdoforyou,please?W:Icannotfindmyson.Afterwegotoffthepirateboat,hesaidhewantedtotrytherollercoaster.Heranfastahead.Afteroneminuteortwo,IfoundIcouldn’tfindhimanywhere.M:Don’tworry,madam.MayIhaveyournameandyourson’sname,please?W:Yes.I’mTinaandmysonisAlan.He’sjustaseven-year-oldboy.M:Whatdoesyourboylooklike?W:Oh,Ihaveapictureofhimonmymobilephone.Hereyouare.Butheisn’tinthewhiteshirtortheblackshortstoday.He’sinablackT-shirtwithapolarbearpatternandapairofnavybluejeans.M:OK.I’llbroadcastanannouncementthroughthepublicaddresssystem.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Colleagues. C.Classmates.14.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutmostgamesinthemorning?A.Unsatisfied. B.Excited. C.Worried.15.Whichpartdoesthemanlikebest?A.Thetrustgame. B.Thepersonalitytest. C.Therelayrace.16.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Haveabreak. B.Havelunch. C.Playanothergame.【答案】13.B14.A15.B16.A【解析】【原文】M:Whatdoyouthinkofthoseteambuildinggamesinthemorning?W:Mostofthemarereallysilly.Idon’tknowhowmuchtheycanhelpustobeabetterteam.M:Butwe’vegottobeabletoseeanothersideofmanypeople.Wecanseewhatthey’rereallylikethroughplayinggamestogether.Forexample,Ididn’tknowourbossissuchawarm-heartedman.Ithinkithelpsourteambecomebetter.W:Yeah,tosomedegree,you’reright.Ithinkthetrustgameinthemorningisworthplaying.Inordertohaveastrongteam,we’vegottolearnhowtotrusteachother.M:Ican’tagreemore.Butmyfavoritepartisthepersonalitytest.Ithinkknowingmoreaboutourpersonalitytypewilltellushowwecanfitintoateam.W:Yeah.Oh,it’snearly1:30pm.I’mreallyfullaftersuchabigmeal.Doyouknowwhatthefirstgameisintheafternoon?M:Yeah.Therewillbeafunrelayraceat2:30pm.Sowecanrestfornearlyanhour.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.WhatdidthespeakerthinkofherlifeinGhana?A.Relaxing. B.Busy. C.Boring.18.Wheredidthebabybirdliketorest?A.Ontowels. B.Inatree. C.Inthespeaker’shand.19.Whydidn’tthespeakernamethebird?A.Shecouldn’tcomeupwithagoodone.B.Sheknewthebirdwouldfinallyleaveher.C.Sheconsidereditstrangetonameabird.20.Whatdidthespeakerdoafterthebirdflewaway?A.ShemovedbacktoEngland.B.Shemanagedtogetitback.C.Shewroteabookaboutit.【答案】17.A18.C19.B20.C【解析】【原文】ImovedtoGhanafromEnglandbecausemyhusband,Robin,tookanewjobthere.OurhousetherewasneartheVoltaRiver.Withfewpeoplearoundourhome,Iturnedtonature.Ifeltasenseofreliefinthisnewplace.Oneday,Ifoundababybird.Hisnestwasblownfromatree.Iplacedhiminaboxwithtowels.Forthenext84days,whereverIwent,itwouldflyaroundme.Helikedtojumptomyhandtorest.Sosometimes,Iateandwenttothetoiletone-handed,ashewassleepinginmyhand.Itwasn’tstrangetonameabird,butInevergavehimaname.Iknewthebirddidn’tbelongtome—Ihadtoremindmyselfthatheneededtoreturntothewild.Almostthreemonthslater,thebirdlookedlikeanadultone.Itwastimeforhimtogo.IflewbacktoEnglandforChristmasandduringthattimemyhusbandletthebirdflyaway.Raisingthisbirdencouragedmetodosomethingbig.Later,Ijoinedalocalconservationgroupandbroughtoutabookaboutourstory.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALifeBookThereisnogreatergiftthatyoucangivetothenextgenerationsofyourfamilythanyourstory.How?Bysharingyourstoryintheformofaprivateautobiography(自传).LifeBook,providingafullrangeofservices,willunlockthoughtsandmemories,bringingthemtogetherinawaythatwillbeenjoyable,stimulatinganddeeplyrewarding,andcreateyourownautobiography,200pagesplus60ofyourownphotos.Yourbookin3simplesteps★RelivememoriesandstoriesYourpersonalinterviewerwillbeskilledintheartoflistening.Over12meetings,heorshewilllearnyourstory,helpingyourecallmemoriesinanenjoyableandstimulatingway.★Finishthemanuscript(初稿),completewithphotosEveryminuteofyourconversationswithourinterviewerisrecordedandthensharedwithyourdevotedwriter.Heorshewillworkwithyoutofinishamanuscriptyouarehappywith.★ShareyourlifestorywithlovedonesWhenthemanuscriptisdone,it’stimeforthefinalstageofproducingyourbook.Soon,10copiesofabeautifullybound,hardbackbookwillbedelivereddirectlytoyouandthefamilymembersyou’vechosentoreceivea“firstedition”.Thenenjoytheexcitementandprideofsharingyourveryownpersonalautobiographywithyourfamily,nowandforever.RememberandberememberedMyhopeisthatmygrandchildrenandthenextgenerationwillgetsomeofthevaluesthatareimportanttome.ItisthebestgiftIcouldhavegiventomyfamily.—JerrieRudd-BreenMychildrenandgrandchildrenwereamazedwhenIpresentedthemwiththebooks.Myeldestsonthenimmediatelyreadhiscopyfromcovertocover.—HarryGowStartyourstorytellingjourneyandpreserveyourlegacyintoyourveryownprivateautobiography!It’seasytogetstarted;calltodayon08009992280.21.WhatservicedoesLifeBookprovide?A.Recallingmemoriesinanenjoyingway. B.Chooseagreatgiftforone’sfamily.C.Improveone’sthinkingability. D.Writeabookaboutone’slife.22.Whichofthefollowingwillyoudointhesecondstep?A.Pickoutsixtyphotos. B.Rewriteyourmanuscript.C.Meetyourinterviewerforthelasttime. D.Recordyourconversationswithyourwriter.23.What’sthepurposeofthe“Rememberandberemembered”part?A.Tocallforcomments. B.Topromotesomewriters.C.Tosharesomegoodstories. D.ToattractcustomerstoLifeBook.【答案】21.D22.A23.D【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。想给你的家人后代一份特别的礼物吗？来了解一下LifeBook提供的服务吧。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“LifeBook,providingafullrangeofservices,willunlockthoughtsandmemories,bringingthemtogetherinawaythatwillbeenjoyable,stimulatinganddeeplyrewarding,andcreateyourownautobiography,200pagesplus60ofyourownphotos.(LifeBook提供全方位的服务，将解锁思想和记忆，以一种愉快、刺激和深刻回报的方式将它们汇集在一起，并创建您自己的自传，200页加上60张您自己的照片。)”可知，LifeBook提供的服务是为人代写自传，故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。第二步是要完成有照片的初稿，再结合第二段中的“200pagesplus60ofyourownphotos.(200页加上60张您自己的照片。)”和“Yourbookin3simplesteps(只需3个简单步骤即可完成您的图书)”中的第二个“Finishthemanuscript

(初稿),completewithphotos(完成初稿，附照片）”可知，顾客在这一步要挑出60张照片。故选A。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据“Rememberandberemembered（记住并被记住）”部分列出了两个人对LifeBook的正面反馈和提供联系方式的最后一段，这是在吸引顾客。故选D。BPhiloTaylorFarnsworthinventedthecurrentsystemoftelevisiontransmission(传输)andreceptionin1928,anditwasconsideredoneofthegreatscientificinventionsofthe20thcentury.Itwasremarkablebecausetheyounginventorhadjustcelebratedhis22ndbirthday.Farnsworthhaddesiredtobeaninventorsincetheageofsix.Farnsworthwasjust14whenhehadtheideaoftelevision.OnAugust26,1930,aboutadecadeafterfirsthavingtheideathatwasthebasisofhisinvention,hereceivedthepatent(专利)ontheelectronictelevisionsystem.Bytheendofhislife,hehadheldmorethan300patents.Farnsworthwasn’tthefirstpersontodreamuptelevision,buthewasthefirstpersontofindawaytomakeitworkwithoutamechanicalaspect.Thebiggestproblemthatinventorsfacedwashowtotransmitimagedata.Farnsworth’scentralinnovationwastoimagineawayofdoingitthatreliedonelectronictechnologyalone,andsowouldn’tbesloweddownbytheabilitiesofamechanicalimage-transmittingsystem.Farnsworthdreameduphisideawhilehewasdrivingahorse-drawnharrow(耙)onthefamily’snewfarminIdaho.Ashewasplowing(犁)apotatofieldinstraight,parallel(平行的)lines,hesawtelevision.Heimaginedasystemthatwouldbreakanimageintohorizontal(水平的)linesandputthoselinesbacktogetherintoapictureattheotherend.In1927,PhiloandhiswifeElmawatchedashemadethefirsttransmission:Ahorizontallinewastransmittedtoareceiverinthenextroom.Twoyearsafterthatfirsttransmission,FarnsworthsentanimageofElmaandherbrother,makingherthefirstwomanonTV.Farnsworththoughthisinventionhadrealisticprospects.“Ifwewereabletoseepeopleinothercountriesandlearnaboutourdifferences,whywouldtherebeanymisunderstandings?”heasked.“Warwouldbeathingofthepast.”24.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Farnsworthhadtheideaofinventingthetelevisionsincehewassix.B.ElmaandherbrotherwereonTVtogetherin1929.C.Farnsworthwasthefirstpersontodreamuptelevision.D.ThefirsttelevisioninventedbyFarnsworthappearedin1930.25.WhatwasthebiggestchallengeFarnsworthfacedwhendevelopingthesystemoftelevision?AHowtorecognizethepicture.B.Howtomakethepictureclearer.C.Howtotransmitimagedatausingelectronictechnology.D.Howtoimprovetheabilitiesofthemechanicalimage-transmittingsystem.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeFarnsworth’sprocessofinventingthesystemoftelevision?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C.Natureisanendlesssourceofinspiration. D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.27.WhatdidFarnsworththinkofhisinvention?A.Itinspiredpeopletoliveacomfortablelife.B.Ithelpedclearupmisunderstandingsbetweenpeopleindifferentcountries.C.Itenabledpeopletounderstandwarsdeeply.D.Itencouragedustobecuriousabouttheoutsideworld.【答案】24.B25.C26.C27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了发明了电视传输和接收系统的PhiloTaylorFarnsworth的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In1927,PhiloandhiswifeElmawatchedashemadethefirsttransmission:Ahorizontallinewastransmittedtoareceiverinthenextroom.Twoyearsafterthatfirsttransmission,FarnsworthsentanimageofElmaandherbrother,makingherthefirstwomanonTV.(1927年，菲罗和他的妻子埃尔玛观看了他的第一次传输：一条水平线被传输到隔壁房间的接收器上。在第一次传输两年后，法恩斯沃斯发送了埃尔玛和她哥哥的照片，使她成为电视上的第一位女性。)”可知，Farnsworth的妻子Elma和她兄弟一起出现在电视传送的图像上是在第一次播送的两年后，即在1929年。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Thebiggestproblemthatinventorsfacedwashowtotransmitimagedata.Farnsworth’scentralinnovationwastoimagineawayofdoingitthatreliedonelectronictechnologyalone,andsowouldn’tbesloweddownbytheabilitiesofamechanicalimage-transmittingsystem.(发明者面临的最大问题是如何传输图像数据。Farnsworth的核心创新是设想了一种仅依靠电子技术的方法，这样就不会被机械图像传输系统的能力所拖慢。)”可知，Farnsworth当时最大的困难是如何利用电子技术传输图片数据。故选C。【26题详解】推断理解题。根据文章第四段的“Farnsworthdreameduphisideawhilehewasdrivingahorse-drawnharrow(耙)onthefamily’snewfarminIdaho.Ashewasplowing(犁)apotatofieldinstraight,parallel(平行的)lines,hesawtelevision.(Farnsworth是在家里爱达荷州的新农场里开着马耙时想出这个主意的。当他把一块马铃薯田犁成平行线时，他看到了电视。)”可知，Farnsworth在农场耕地的时候，看着犁耙犁出来的一条条线，他想到了电视。故选C。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的““Ifwewereabletoseepeopleinothercountriesandlearnaboutourdifferences,whywouldtherebeanymisunderstandings?”heasked.“Warwouldbeathingofthepast.”(“如果我们能够看到其他国家的人，了解我们之间的差异，为什么会有任何误解呢?”他问。“战争将成为过去。”)”可知，Farnsworth的这句话是用来支撑自己的观点，Farnsworth认为电视的发明能够帮助人们消除误解（摆脱战争）。故选B。CForalltheimportanceweplaceonwords,whetherspokenorwritten,muchofthecommunicatingwedoonaregularbasiscomesthroughbodylanguage.AccordingtopioneeringresearchbyDr.AlbertMehrabian,only7percentofthemeaningfromhumancommunicationcomesfromtheactualspokenwordsused.Anadditional38percentcomesfrompeople’stoneofvoice,whilealarge55percentcomesfrombodylanguage.Researchershavelongidentifiedthatcertainkindsofbodymovementsandfacialexpressionscancommunicateinformationabouttheemotionswehappentobeexperiencingatthetime.Butaretheseemotionalsignalsshapedbydifferentculturesoraretheyuniversaltoallhumans?AnewresearcharticlepublishedinthejournalEmotionattemptstoanswerthisquestionthroughacross-culturalstudy.TheresearcherstraveledtoRatanakiri,CambodiatostudymembersofadistantKreunghilltribe(部落).LivinginCambodia’shighlands,theKreungarestilllargelyseparatedfromtheoutsideworldexceptforoccasionalvisitors.Theyhaveyettobeassimilated(同化)asmanyothersocietieshavebeen.Inthestudy,asetofvideoswerepreparedfeaturinganAmericanwoman,displayingthreepositiveemotions(happiness,loveandpride)andthreenegativeemotions(anger,fearandsadness)usingbodylanguagealone.Theeffectivenessofthesevideoswastestedusingthirty-fourAmericanparticipants.Thevideoswerethenpresentedtotwenty-sixKreungindividuals(elevenofwhomwerefemale).Theywereaskedtodescribetheemotionsbeingdisplayedintheirownwords.ResultsshowedthattheKreungparticipantstendedtobequiteaccurateinguessingwhichemotionswerebeingpresented.Theoverallaccuracyratewassixty-twopercentthoughtheiraccuracyindetectingspecificemotionssuchasangerandhappinesswasfarhigher.Overall,therewasnosignificantdiscrepancybetweenKreungandAmericanratersindetectingemotions,thoughAmericanparticipantsdidmuchbetterindetectingprideandlove.Still,thestudydoessuggestthatbodymovementscanexpressemotionssuchasanger,fear,sadnessandloveeventoindividualsbelongingtodifferentcultures.Emotionalsignalsreflectbasichumanneedsanddesiresthatallhumansshare.Learningmoreabouthowbasicbiologyandsocialfactorsshapethewaywecommunicatemaywellbeessentialinhelpingtounderstandourselvesbetter.28.WhyweretheKreungchoseninthestudy?A.Theyliveahardandpoorlife. B.Theymakealivingbydevelopingtourism.C.Theyenjoyarelativelyunaffectedculture. D.Theyusebodylanguagealonetocommunicate.29.HowdoesthewriterdescribetheresultsofthestudyinParagraph5?A.Byusingpictures. B.Bytellingstories. C.Byanalyzingcauses. D.Bymakingcomparisons.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discrepancy”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Difference. B.Communication. C.Relation. D.Balance.31.Whatdidtheresearchersconcludefromthestudy?A.Emotionalsignalsareessentiallylanguages.B.Emotionalbodylanguagemaygobeyondculture.C.Humanssharealltheemotionalbodymovements.D.Biologyandsocialfactorsaffectbasichumanneedsanddesires.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，情感肢体语言在不同文化中是普遍存在的。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“LivinginCambodia’shighlands,theKreungarestilllargelyseparatedfromtheoutsideworldexceptforoccasionalvisitors.Theyhaveyettobeassimilated(同化)asmanyothersocietieshavebeen.(科伦族生活在柬埔寨的高地，除了偶尔的游客外，他们基本上与外界隔绝。他们还没有像许多其他社会一样被同化)”可知，研究选择科伦族是因为他们相对不受外界文化的影响。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Overall,therewasnosignificantdiscrepancybetweenKreungandAmericanratersindetectingemotions,thoughAmericanparticipantsdidmuchbetterindetectingprideandlove.(总体而言，尽管美国参与者在识别骄傲和爱方面做得更好，但在检测情绪方面，科伦族和美国参与者之间没有显著差异)”推知，作者是通过作比较来描述结果的，故选D。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段的“ResultsshowedthattheKreungparticipantstendedtobequiteaccurateinguessingwhichemotionswerebeingpresented.(结果显示，科伦族的参与者在猜测所呈现的情绪方面往往相当准确)”以及“thoughAmericanparticipantsdidmuchbetterindetectingprideandlove(尽管美国参与者在判断自豪感和友爱方面做得更好)”可知，这是让步状语从句，前后有转折意味：尽管美国参与者在判断自豪感和友爱这两方面做得更好，但柬埔寨的科伦族和美国人在判断情绪方面没有显著差异。由此可知，discrepancy的意思是“差异”。故选A。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Still,thestudydoessuggestthatbodymovementscanexpressemotionssuchasanger,fear,sadnessandloveeventoindividualsbelongingtodifferentcultures.(不过，这项研究确实表明，身体动作可以表达愤怒、恐惧、悲伤和爱等情绪，甚至对不同文化背景的人也是如此)”可推知，情感肢体语言可能跨越文化，被人们通用。故选B。DTheincreaseinprimate(灵长类动物)ecotourismiscausingstress-relatedbehaviorsinmonkeys,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudy,ledbytheUniversityofPortsmouth,lookedattheimpactofasingleenginemotorboatapproachingacommunityofproboscismonkeys(长鼻猴).Thosemonkeysareunusualwiththeirverylongnoses,whichmakesthemappealingtotourists.Andmanyoftheboatscarryingthetouristsapproachtheprimatesquicklyandloudly,oftenreachingtheriverbanksjustafewmetersawayfromthewildlife.Theresearchersconductedtheexperimentbyapproachingthemonkeysinamotorboatwithdifferentspeedsandtraveldistances—fast-close(approachingthemonkeysfor10secondswhen40metersawayataspeedof14.4km/hr),slow-close(approachingthemonkeyfor40secondswhen40metersawayataspeedof3.6km/hr),andslow-farconditions(approachingthemonkeysfor20secondswhen100metersaway,ataspeedof3.6km/hr).Theresultsshowedthatthemonkeysdisplayedstress-relatedbehaviorsforlongerinthefast-closeandslow-closeconditionsandalsoreducedfeedingasaresultoftheboatapproachinginthefast-closecondition.Oncetheboatstartedtoapproach,theproboscismonkeysshowedrepeatedscratching(挠)andoftenmovedquicklybackwardstohideinthetrees.Thiscouldpotentiallycausethemonkeystoleavetheirsafesleepingsitesandtogodeepintotheforestasitgetsdark,wheretheycouldfaceahigherriskofpredation(捕食行为).“Collectively,ourfindingssuggestthattheapproachofasinglemotorboatledtostressinproboscismonkeyswhentheywereapproachedascloselyas60metersfromtheothersideoftheriver,regardlessofthespeedofapproach,”saidDrMarinaDavila-Ross,leadauthorofthestudy.Theresearchersthusproposethatguidelinesforprimatetourismintheriversideareasshouldincludeanapproachspeedofnomorethan4km/hrwithin100metersoftheproboscismonkeys.Theysuggestitisalsoimportanttokeepadistance,preferablynocloserthan60metersaway,fromthemonkeys.“Suchinformationmightbehelpfulfortourists,allowingthemtomodify(修改)theirbehaviorswhenvisitingtheprimatesandwhenencouragingguidestofollowtheguidelines,”DrDavila-Rossadded.32.Whatdidtheresearchers’experimentshowaboutproboscismonkeys?A.Theyfoundtheslow-closeconditionmoststressful.B.Theytendedtogohuntingwhenfacedwithdanger.C.Theylosttheirsenseofsafetyatthesoundofmotorboats.D.Theylosttheirwayveryeasilyatthesightofmotorboats.33.Whatdotheresearchersadvisetouriststodo?A.Toapproachproboscismonkeyslessfrequently.B.Toavoidgettingtooclosetoproboscismonkeys.C.Toaskguidesformoreinformationaboutproboscismonkeys.D.Tobehavethemselveswhiletryingtofeedproboscismonkeys.34.Whichofthefollowingmaybethewriter’sattitudetowardsprimateecotourism?A.Concerns. B.Confidence. C.Disapproval. D.Disinterest.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.PrimateEcotourism:abetterunderstandingofprimatesB.PrimateEcotourism:gettingclosetotheprimatesC.PrimateEcotourism:theconservationofprimatesD.PrimateEcotourism:anegativeeffectonprimatebehavior【答案】32.C33.B34.A35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，新的研究表明，灵长类动物生态旅游的增加会导致长鼻猴的压力应激行为。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theresultsshowedthatthemonkeysdisplayedstress-relatedbehaviorsforlongerinthefast-closeandslow-closeconditionsandalsoreducedfeedingasaresultoftheboatapproachinginthefast-closecondition.Oncetheboatstartedtoapproach,theproboscismonkeysshowedrepeatedscratching( 挠 )andoftenmovedquicklybackwardstohideinthetrees.Thiscouldpotentiallycausethemonkeystoleavetheirsafesleepingsitesandtogodeepintotheforestasitgetsdark,wheretheycouldfaceahigherriskofpredation(捕食行为).(结果表明，在快近和慢近条件下，猴子表现出与压力相关的行为的时间更长，并且在快近条件下，由于船只接近而减少进食。一旦船开始靠近，长鼻猴就会反复抓挠，并经常迅速后退，躲到树上。这可能会导致猴子在天黑时离开它们安全的睡觉地点，进入森林深处，在那里它们可能面临更高的捕食风险。)”可知，摩托艇的声音会使长鼻猴丧失安全感，故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Theysuggestitisalsoimportanttokeepadistance,preferablynocloserthan60metersaway,fromthemonkeys.(他们建议，与猴子保持距离也很重要，最好不超过60米)”可知，研究者们建议游客要避免距离长鼻猴太近，故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第四段中“Thiscouldpotentiallycausethemonkeystoleavetheirsafesleepingsitesandtogodeepintotheforestasitgetsdark,wheretheycouldfaceahigherriskofpredation(捕食行为).(这可能会导致猴子在天黑时离开它们安全的睡觉地点，进入森林深处，在那里它们可能面临更高的被捕食风险)”和第五段中“ourfindingssuggestthattheapproachofasinglemotorboatledtostressinproboscismonkeyswhentheywereapproachedascloselyas60metersfromtheothersideoftheriver,regardlessofthespeedofapproach(我们的研究结果表明，当一艘摩托艇接近长鼻猴时，无论其接近的速度如何，它们在距离河对岸60米的地方都会感到压力)”可知，作者客观描述该研究，担忧灵长类动物生态旅游给长鼻猴带来的压力，故选A。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Theincreaseinprimate(灵长类动物)ecotourismiscausingstress-relatedbehaviorsinmonkeys,accordingtoanewstudy.(根据一项新的研究，灵长类动物生态旅游的增加正在导致猴子的压力相关行为)”可知，本文主要介绍了灵长类动物生态旅游的增加对于长鼻猴的负面影响，D项“灵长类动物生态旅游：对灵长类动物行为的负面影响”为最佳标题，故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mostpeoplebelievethatpencilsaremadefromlead,butthisisn’tquitetrue.They’reactuallymadeofamineralcalledgraphite(石墨).___36___DuringthelateMiddleAges,inavillagecalledBorrowdale,inEngland,agroupoflocalssawafewuprootedtrees.___37___Oneofthemhadtheideathatthisdarksubstancecouldbeusedtomarksheepsoownerscouldrecordandtrackthem.Thisdiscoverybythosecuriouslocalspavedthewayforthemodernpencils.Youmaywonderwhysolidgraphitecanleaveitscolorbehind.___38___Graphiteismadeofcarbonlayers.Whenweuseitasapencil,thecarbonfromthepencilrubsoffandgetsdeposited(沉淀)ontothefibersofthepaper.Thesedepositedpiecessticktothefibersofthepaperandfirmlyremainthere.___39___Youcouldstainyourclothesandmakeyourhandsdirty.Later,peoplecameupwithsomeideas.Forexample,inthelateeighteenthcentury,anofficerinNapoleon’sarmydesignedthewoodenpencilsweseetoday.Heroastedamixtureofwater,clayandgraphiteatabout1,900°F.Afterthismixturecooleddown,heputitwithinalongwoodencovering.Thisishowthewoodenpencilcameintobeing.Whenyouwanttoremoveyourwriting,youneedtoturntoaneraser.Thefunctioningofaneraserisbasedonacommonprinciple.Erasinghappensbecauseofthefrictionthatdevelopsbetweentheerasermaterialandthepaper.Whenyourubaneraseronthepaper,theresultingfrictioncanproduceheat,whichhelpstheeraserbecomesticky,stickierthanthepaper.___40___A.Overtheyears,graphi