译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT4预习新知早知道1学案

Ⅰ．匹配词义Ⅰ.匹配词义A．单词匹配()1.assess A．(军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾()2.urgent B．内部的；国内的()3.preserve C．倒塌，坍塌；昏倒()4.ruin D．冲突；事件()5.conflict E．文明；文明社会()6.collapse F．破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭()7.architect G．维护，保护，保存；维持()8.incident H．建筑师，设计师()9.internal I．tomakeajudgementabout thenatureorqualityofsb./sth.()10.civilization J．thatneedstobedealtwithorhappen immediately[答案]1－5IJGFA6－10CHDBEB．短语匹配()1．weardown A．(使)逐渐磨平磨损；(使)磨平，变小()2．befacedwith B．急需……()3．befascinatedby C．为了……的利益()4．inurgentneedof D．面对……()5．atrisk E．相信()6．leadto F．被……迷住()7．breakout G．以……为例()8．havethebelief H．导致()9．forthebenefitof I．处于危险中()10．take．．．asanexample J．爆发[答案]1－5ADFBI6－10HJECGⅡ．默写单词1．awevt． 使惊叹，使敬畏n．敬畏，惊叹2．incredibleadj． 极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难 以置信的3．sculpturen． 雕像，雕塑品；雕刻术4．civiladj． 国民的；国家的；民事的5．outcomen． 结果，效果6．ecologyn． 生态，生态学7．consultationn． 咨询，商讨；就诊8．suspendvt． 暂停；悬，挂9．operatorn． 操作人员，技工；接线员10．cooperationn． 合作，协作；协助，配合Ⅰ．语境填空ruin；incident；architect；preserve；suspend；outcome；sculpture；incredible；collapse；conflict1．Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciesfromextinction．2．Thatonemistakeruinedhischancesofgettingthejob．3．Hestudiedsculpturebecauseheenjoyedworkingwithclay．4．Herdiarywasarecordofherinnerconflict．5．Wearewaitingtohearthefinaloutcomeofthenegotiations．6．Thebridgeisliabletocollapseatanymoment．7．Itseemedincrediblethatshehadbeenthereaweekalready．8．Therewasashootingincidentnearherelastnight．9．Herhatwasfoundsuspendedbyarope．10．Hewasoneoftheprincipalarchitectsoftherevolution．Ⅱ．语法填空之派生词1．Thegovernmentmustdealwiththisasamatterofurgency(urgent)．2．Environmentaldamagethreatensthewholeofcivilization(civil)．3．Incredible(credible)meansimpossibleorverydifficulttobelieve．4．Wewaitedforthreemonthsbeforegoingbacktoseethespecialist(special)．5．Thedecisionwastakenaftercloseconsultation(consult)withlocalresidents．课文助读[1]havethebeliefthat相信(that引导同位语从句)[2]句子主干Naturaldisasterscanleadtothedestructionofheritagesites，其中thesuddenandpowerfulnaturalforces是naturaldisasters的同位语；冒号后面是举例说明；例子中的anincredibleUNESCOculturalheritagesite是thecityofBam的同位语。[3]giveriseto引起(to是介词)[4]本句是so连接的两个并列分句。so所在分句使用了itisnaturalthat．．．主语从句结构，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。[5]本句是and连接的两个并列分句。第一个分句主干是thousandsoftouristsarewearingdowntheseancientbuildings，其中climbingupthenarrowstonesteps非谓语动词短语作定语，修饰tourists。[6]句子主干ThecityhasbeenrecognizedasthemusicalcapitalofEurope，其后的hometothelikesofMozartandBeethoven作同位语，修饰thecity，behometo是……的故乡；thelikesofsb．像……那样的人。[7]句子主干是and连接的两个分句alargeamountofcoraliskilled和partsofthereefareseriouslyaffected。其中Duetohighseawatertemperaturescausedbyglobalwarming作原因状语，causedbyglobalwarming过去分词短语作定语；which引导非限制性定语从句，which用于指第二个分句的内容。[8]句子主干是thereefcanboosttourismandfishing。Aswellasbeinghometoawidediversityofoceanspecies作状语；providingmanyjobopportunities动词­ing形式短语作状语。[9]atthethoughtof原文呈现HeritageindangerWelcome,everybody．It'swonderfultobehere．Beforewebegin,Iwanttoaskyou:haveyoueverbeenawedbynaturalwonders?Haveyoueverbeenfascinatedbyhumancivilization?Ifso,youmightalreadyunderstandwhyUNESCOisfightingtopreservesitesofculturalandnaturalimportancetomankind．Ihavethebeliefthat[1]someofyouhaveheardaboutUNESCOheritagesitesormaybeevenvisitedone!Therearecurrentlyaround1，100sitesinmorethan160countriesworldwide．Unfortunately,theyfaceavarietyofdangersandmanyofthemareinurgentneedofprotection．Let'slookatsomespecificissues．Heritagesitesareatriskfromnaturalforces．Thelong­termnaturalforces,suchaswind,waterandtemperature,cangraduallyweardownheritagesites．Forinstance,theGreatPyramidofGizaisnowseveralmetresshorterthanitwasoriginally．Naturaldisasters,thesuddenandpowerfulnaturalforces,canleadtothedestructionofheritagesites:in2003,aterribleearthquakeshooksouth­easternIranandruinedlargepartsofthecityofBam,anincredibleUNESCOculturalheritagesite．[2]Anotherbigdangerishumanactivities．Warscancauseagreatdealofdamagetobothculturalandnaturalheritagesites．Sometimes,amazingancientclaysculpturesandbuildingsareaccidentallydestroyedbymissileattacksduringperiodsofviolence．Insomeconflictareaswherecivilwarsoftenbreakout,fightershaveevendestroyedheritagesitesonpurpose．Meanwhile,WorldHeritagestatusmaygiveriseto[3]aseriesofproblems．Oneoftheproblemsisthefloodoftourists．MillionsoftouriststraveltoUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteseveryyear,soitisonlynaturalthatthesitessufferabitofwearandtear．[4]ThetemplesofAngkorinCambodiaaretypicalexamplesofuniquearchitecture．Everyday,thousandsoftouristsclimbingupthenarrowstonestepsarewearingdowntheseancientbuildingsandthelong­termconsequencescouldleadtoirreparabledestructionoftheinternalstructure．[5]Duetohumanpopulationgrowth,thedemandforproductionandconsumptionofgoodsincreases．Widespreaddevelopmentputsourculturalandnaturalheritagesitesindanger．Manyheritagesitesareevenatriskofbeinglostforever．TaketheHistoricCentreofViennainAustriaasanexample．ThecityhasbeenrecognizedasthemusicalcapitalofEuropesincethe16thcentury,hometothelikesofMozartandBeethoven．[6]ItisnowontheListofWorldHeritageinDangerduetohigh­riseconstructionprojectsincentralVienna．Suchdangerscanhavedisastrousoutcomesnotonlyforthesitesthemselves,butalsoforpeople．Forinstance,theGreatBarrierReefoffthenorth­eastcoastofAustraliaisanaturalheritagesiteindanger．Duetohighseawatertemperaturescausedbyglobalwarming,alargeamountofcoraliskilledandpartsofthereefareseriouslyaffected,whichharmsitsfragilenaturalecology．[7]Aswellasbeinghometoawidediversityofoceanspecies,thereefcanboosttourismandfishinginthelocalarea,providingmanyjobopportunities．[8]Italsohelpsprotectthecoastlineagainstwavesandfloods．Ifthereefdisappears,manypeople'slivesandpossiblyeventheirhomeswillsuffergreatly．Heritageprotectionisatthetopoftheagendaforthebenefitofallmankind．Themoreweacknowledgetheoutstandinguniversalvalueofourheritagesites,themorelikelywearetotreatthemwithrespect．Thesesitesarethegreatwondersofourworldandtellthestoryofhumancivilization．Weallshareajointresponsibilitytoprotectandpreservethem,notjustforourselves,butforfuturegenerations．Ifyourheartbreakslikemineatthethoughtof[9]ourirreplaceableheritagebeinglostforever,pleasetakeaction．Ifyou'reinterested,pleaselookatourwebsiteandparticipateinanywayyoucan!Thankyou．译文参考濒危遗产欢迎各位。很高兴来到这里。在我们开始之前，我想问你：你曾经惊叹自然奇观吗？你对人类文明着迷了吗？如果是这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。我相信你们中的一些人听说过联合国教科文组织的遗址，甚至可能参观过一个！目前在全球160多个国家有大约1100个遗址。不幸的是，它们面临各种危险，其中许多急需保护。让我们看看一些具体的问题。遗址面临着自然的威胁。诸如风、水和气温等长期存在的自然力会逐渐侵蚀遗址。例如，吉萨大金字塔现在比原来矮了几米。自然灾害这种突然而强大的自然力量会破坏遗址：2003年，一场可怕的地震袭击了伊朗东