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中考英语人教版专项复习专题二动词和动词短语目录01.解析02.模拟考题01解析图解语法考点1
动词实义动词
实义动词也叫行为动词,有实在意义,能独立作谓语。按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1.及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整,需接宾语才能使其意思表达完整。及物动词常用于以下几种结构中:(1)主语+及物动词+宾语I
often
play
soccer.
我经常踢足球。(2)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语They
consider
him
the
best
writer.
他们认为他是最优秀的作家。
(3)主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式Mr.
Li
encouraged
me
to
study
hard.
李老师鼓励我努力学习。(4)主语+及物动词+疑问代词/疑问副词+不定式I
don't
know
where
to
go.
我不知道要去哪里。(5)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语He
wanted
to
buy
himself
a
new
pair
of
shoes.
他想给自己买双新鞋。2.不及物动词
不及物动词本身意义完整,无须接宾语,构成"主语+谓语"的句型,若要跟宾语,其后必须加上相应的介词,构成"主语+谓语+介词+宾语"的句型。如:We
should
listen
to
the
teacher
carefully.
我们应该认真听老师讲课。【注意】有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,如:begin,
learn,
read,
improve,
study等。延续性动词&非延续性动词(1)延续性动词也叫持续性动词,表示动作是可以持续的,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:work,
live,
keep,
study,
sleep,
rain,
lie,
know,
read等。You
can
keep
the
dictionary
for
three
weeks.
这本字典你可以借三周。(2)非延续性动词也叫短暂性动词,表示瞬间动作,一般不和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:come,
go,
begin,
close,
die,
borrow,
stop,
leave等。He
left
his
hometown
ten
years
ago.
十年前他离开了家乡。系动词
系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,其后必须接表语,构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。具体分类如下:类别功能例词状态系动词表示主语所处的状态be感官系动词表示人体感官的系动词feel[2015.35],
smell[2014.36],
taste,
sound,
look表象系动词表示看起来/似乎处于某种状态appear,
seem变化系动词表示主语由一种状态变换到另一种状态go,
get,
turn,
grow,
become持续系动词表示主语持续或保持某种身份或状态keep,stay,remain,助动词
英语中的助动词有be
(am,
is,
are,
was,
were),
do
(does,
did),
have
(has,
had),
shall,
will,
should,
would等。助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整,不可单独作谓语,只能和它后面的动词一起构成谓语,以表示时态、语态、人称和数,还可构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的含义,表示说话人的情感和态度,不可单独作谓语,必须和其他动词连用构成谓语。
情态动词的特点:(1)其后接动词原形;(2)无人称和数的变化(have
to除外,主语为第三人称单数时用has
to);(3)具有助动词的作用,可构成否定句、疑问句及用于简略答语。1.can和could的用法情态动词含义及用法示例can[2018.38;
2014.35]表示能力,意为"能,会"Can
he
swim?他会游泳吗?表示请求、许可,意为"可以"Can
I
take
the
book
home?我能把这本书带回家吗?表示推测,意为"可能",常用于否定句和疑问句This
pair
of
shoes
can't
be
Helen's.这双鞋不可能是海伦的。情态动词含义及用法示例couldcan的过去式,表示能力,意为"能,会"He
could
skate
at
the
age
of
six.他六岁时就会溜冰了。用于疑问句,表示委婉的请求,语气比can更委婉Could
you
lend
it
to
me?
你能把它借给我吗?表示不大的可能性It
could
rain
today.
今天可能会下雨。续表2.may和might的用法情态动词含义及用法示例may[2017.39;2015.44]表示请求、许可,意为"可以"You
may
leave
now.现在你可以离开了。表示可能性较小的推测,意为"也许",常用于肯定句This
schoolbag
may
be
Lucy's.
She
likes
pink
best.这个书包可能是露西的。她最喜欢粉色。用于祈使句,表示祝福和愿望May
you
return
soon!
愿你早日归来!情态动词含义及用法示例might表示请求、许可,意为"可以",语气比may更委婉Might
I
use
it?
我可以用一下它吗?表示推测,意为"可能",可能性低于mayHe
is
absent
today.
He
might
be
sick.
他今天没来。他可能是生病了。may的过去式,意为"可能"She
was
worried
that
we
might
get
hurt.
她担心我们可能会受到伤害。续表3.must,
have
to和need的用法情态动词含义及用法示例must表示义务和必要,意为"必须";强调主观意愿We
must
study
hard.
我们必须努力学习。表示推测,意为"一定,肯定",用于肯定句You
must
be
tired
after
such
a
long
journey.
在这么长的旅程之后你一定累了吧。情态动词含义及用法示例have
to意为"必须,不得不",用于强调客观需要,有人称、时态和数的变化He
had
to
work
hard
to
do
things
that
were
easy
for
others.那些别人做起来轻松的事情,他都要费力地去做。[2020安徽中考]
续表情态动词含义及用法示例need[2019.39]用于陈述句和疑问句,意为"需要"Need
I
leave
now?
需要我现在离开吗?用于否定句,needn't意为"不必"You
needn't
worry
about
Jim.
你不必担心吉姆。续表4.should和had
better的用法情态动词含义及用法示例should意为"应该",表示责任、义务、劝告或建议;否定形式为shouldn't,意为"不应该"You
should
get
up
early
to
catch
the
school
bus.
你应该早点起床赶校车。had
better意为"最好",表示建议;否定形式为had
better
not,意为"最好不要"You'd
better
stay
at
home
when
it
rains
hard.下大雨的时候你最好待在家里。5.shall,
will和would的用法情态动词含义及用法示例shall在疑问句中同I和we连用,表示提出或征求意见Shall
we
go
out
and
play?
我们出去玩,好吗?will表示询问、请求,也可表达现在的意愿Will
you
help
me?你会帮我吗?We
will
help
you.
我们会帮你。would表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问,比will更委婉Would
you
go
with
me?你会和我一起去吗?6.can't和mustn't的用法情态动词含义及用法示例can't[2016.37]意为"不可能",表示否定推测That
girl
can't
be
Jenny.
那个女孩不可能是珍妮。意为"不能,不会"I
can't
tell
you
the
exact
time.
我不能告诉你确切的时间。mustn't意为"禁止,不准",不可用来表示推测You
mustn't
play
in
the
street.
你不能在街道上玩耍。(1)由"Must
I..."引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用"Yes,
you
must.";否定回答用"No,
you
needn't/don't
have
to."。如:—Must
I
finish
the
report
tonight?我必须今晚完成这篇报告吗?—No,
you
needn't/don't
have
to.
You
can
bring
it
next
Monday.不,你不必。下周一带来就行。(2)由"May
I..."引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用"Yes,
you
may."或"Yes,
please./Certainly./...";否定回答用"No,
you
can't/mustn't."或"I'm
afraid
not..."。如:—May
I
take
photos
here?我能在这里拍照吗?—No,
you
can't/mustn't.
Look
at
the
sign
there.不,你不可以拍照。看下那边的标牌。考点2
动词短语常考的动词短语类型1.动词+介词dream
of梦想
laugh
at嘲笑think
about考虑
depend
on依靠get
to到达
listen
to听be
against反对
count
on指望be
for
支持
wait
for等待arrive
in/at到达
agree
with赞成2.动词+副词pull
together同心协力
put
off推迟work
out计划;解决[2023.27]
set
out
出发look
out当心
stay
up熬夜turn
off关闭[2023.38]
grow
up长大set
up安装好;建立[2021.40]pick
up捡起;(开车)接某人[2019.41;2018.5]续表3.动词+名词make
mistakes犯错误
take
photos照相lose
heart丧失信心
make
progress取得进步take
chances碰运气
take
care当心take
place发生
make
sense有道理4.动词+名词+介词make
fun
of取笑
pay
attention
to注意take
care
of照顾
make
use
of利用take
pride
in为……感到自豪续表5.动词+副词+介词catch
up
with赶上
come
up
with提出get
along
with与……相处融洽look
forward
to期望
date
back
to追溯到live
up
to不辜负(期望)
look
down
on看不起run
out
of
用完6.动词+介词+名词go
to
school去上学
go
to
bed去睡觉keep
in
mind记住
come
to
life突然开始运作续表常考的动词短语1.come短语come
across(偶然)遇见,发现come
out出版,发行;出来come
along出现;跟随;进展come
over来访,拜访
come
on加油;快点come
true
(梦想等)实现
come
back回来;恢复2.fall短语fall
over被……绊倒,倒下;摔倒fall
off脱落;下降;从……跌落[2022.33]fall
behind落后于fall
down倒塌;跌倒
fall
asleep入睡fall
in
love
with爱上续表3.get短语get
up站起;起身;起床[2023.44]get
over从……中恢复;克服[2019.64]get
on进展;上(车、船等)
get
together相聚get
off下(车、船等);下班;(使)离开;(使)动身get
ready
for为……作准备续表4.give短语give
up放弃[2019.49]
give
away捐赠give
off发出(光、热等)
give
out分发give
in屈服;让步续表5.go短语go
off
(警报器等)突发巨响,停止运作go
on继续
go
away离开go
by从旁边经过;时间流逝
go
over仔细检查go
up上升;增长
go
after追求;追赶go
out出去;熄灭
go
down下降;倒下续表6.have短语have
a
look看一看
have
a
cold感冒have
a
rest休息have
confidence
in对……有信心have
an
interest
in对……感兴趣续表7.keep短语keep
off使不接近;回避keep
in
touch
with和……保持联系keep
away
from远离
keep
up
with赶上keep
on继续[2018.53]
keep
out防止进入续表8.look短语look
at看
look
for寻找look
up查阅;向上看
look
around环顾look
back回顾
look
after照顾look
through浏览
look
over查看,检查续表9.make短语make
up组成;化妆;编造[2022.44]make
a
decision作出决定make
the
bed铺床make
a
difference有作用;有影响make
a
promise作出承诺make
friends
with和……交朋友续表10.put短语put
up张贴;搭建put
away把……收起来[2020.30]put
on穿上
put
down写下;放下put
back放回(原处)put
out熄灭续表11.take短语take
off脱掉,起飞
take
out取出,拿出take
up占据;学着做;开始做[2021.26]take
in吸收;吸入;吞入take
down拆除;往下拽;记下,记录take
away拿走,带走;解除;消除take
after
(长相、举止或性格)像take
on呈现,具有(特征、外观等)[2018.37]take
over接收,接管(企业、公司等)take
back退回;收回,撤回(说过的话)续表12.think短语think
of想起;记得
think
up想出think
out认真考虑
think
back回想起think
over仔细考虑;慎重思考think
through充分考虑;全盘考虑;想透13.turn短语turn
on打开
turn
up调高;出现turn
out结果是
turn
to
求助于turn
down调低;拒绝续表语境小测Ⅰ.单项填空1.—Kelly,
this
is
Steve.—Yes,
I
know.
We've
already
___
ourselves.CA.offered
B.turned
C.introduced
D.learned2.Don't
simply
___
the
crowd.
Being
yourself
is
the
best
rule.CA.satisfy
B.change
C.follow
D.control3.—Dinner
is
ready.
Help
yourself,
please.—Wow!
The
soup
and
the
meat
___
really
great.AA.taste
B.sound
C.turn
D.get4.[2017安徽中考]
—Mum,
I've
signed
for
the
box.
What's
in
it?—I'm
not
sure.
It
___
be
a
present
from
your
uncle.CA.need
B.must
C.may
D.will5.—I'm
crazy
about
Chinese
culture
and
I've
travelled
to
China
many
times.—No
wonder
that
you
___
speak
Chinese
so
well.DA.must
B.need
C.should
D.can6.[2023黄山一模]
It
is
a
good
habit
to___
all
your
things
in
correct
places.AA.put
away
B.put
up
C.put
out
D.put
off7.[2023泰州中考]
Most
neighbours
___
the
habit
of
square
dancing
to
create
a
quieter
environment
for
us.DA.get
into
B.care
about
C.carry
on
D.give
up8.[2023自贡中考改编]
—Ms.
White,
I
am
sad
that
I
didn't
pass
the
test.—Keep
trying.
Success
___
hard
work.AA.depends
on
B.gives
away
C.leads
to
D.picks
upⅡ.单词拼写1.I
knew
that
boy
wasn't
Jim.
Jim
never
w____(佩戴)
glasses
before.ore2.Smiling
is
the
best
way
to
f____
(面对)
every
problem.ace3.These
grapes
were
p______(摘)
from
the
garden
just
now.icked4.On
the
top
of
the
mountain
can
you
see
the
sun
r_________(上升)
clearly.ise/rising5.Mary
has
o
_______(提出)
some
useful
advice
about
this
project.ffered语篇提升
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。left
decided
help
felt
work
could
askedthinking
buy
did
Last
March
I
lost
the
camera
that
my
parents
bought
for
me.
I
1._____
it
on
the
bus.
I
called
the
bus
company
to
check
if
they
2.______
find
it,
but
it
wasn't
there.
I
was
really
sad.
Then
I
3.________
to
get
a
new
one
by
myself.
I
started
4._________
of
ways
to
make
and
save
money.
My
parents
usually
leftcoulddecidedthinkinggive
me
£8
every
week,
so
the
first
thing
I
5._____
was
to
keep
the
money
in
my
piggy
bank.
I
also
offered
to
6._____
my
uncle
look
after
his
dog
when
he
was
away.
After
some
time,
my
uncle's
neighbors
saw
me.
They
7._______
me
if
I
could
help
with
their
cats
and
dogs,
too.
And
I
said
yes.
In
less
than
three
months
I
had
enough
money
to
8._____
a
new
camera.
It
was
the
same
as
the
one
I
had
lost,
but
to
me
it
was
much
nicer.
I
paid
for
it
with
the
money
I
made
and
it
9._____
very
different.
This
experience
teaches
me
what
it
means
to
10.______
hard
and
I
have
learned
that
you
must
be
careful
with
the
things
you
have,
because
they
take
a
lot
of
hard
work.didhelpaskedbuyfeltwork02模拟考题Ⅰ.单项填空★实义动词和系动词1.We
should
often
review
our
notes
after
class
to
avoid
___
the
same
mistakes.CA.wasting
B.getting
C.repeating
D.fixing2.—Our
school
will
hold
the
sports
meeting
from
next
Thursday
to
Friday.—Right.
Players
will
___
in
twelve
sports,
including
table
tennis
and
volleyball.DA.advise
B.believe
C.imagine
D.compete3.[2023乐山中考改编]
—How
does
the
apple
juice
___?—Good.
I'd
like
to
have
another
glass.AA.taste
B.smell
C.look
D.sound4.The
cake
___
so
good
that
I
can't
wait
to
have
a
bit
of
it.BA.tastes
B.smells
C.sounds
D.feels5.If
you
can___
what
you
have
and
do
something
to
help
others,
you
will
find
your
life
is
full
of
pleasure.BA.count
B.value
C.regret
D.fix6.Nancy
was
chosen
for
"The
Most
Beautiful
Student"
because
she
is
honest
and
always
___
her
word.BA.breaks
B.keeps
C.supports
D.forgets7.The
real
difference
between
an
excellent
person
and
a
common
person
is
that
the
excellent
person
can
___
his
or
her
time.BA.describe
B.manage
C.accept
D.believe★情态动词8.—Are
you
sure
you
are
taking
me
to
the
bank?—Believe
me,
this
___
be
the
wrong
road.DA.needn't
B.shouldn't
C.mustn't
D.can't9.This
ping-pong
ball
___
be
Ted's.
He's
the
only
one
that
can
play
ping-pong.BA.need
B.must
C.cannot
D.shouldn't10.We
___
take
a
taxi.
It's
only
a
few
blocks
away.AA.needn't
B.can't
C.mustn't
D.couldn't11.—Alex,
come
down
to
play
football.—I
can't.
Mom
said
I
___
clean
my
bedroom
before
doing
anything
else.AA.had
to
B.will
C.used
to
D.can★动词短语12.Tony
always
gives
his
seat
to
the
old
people
after
they
___
the
bus
or
the
subway.AA.get
on
B.put
on
C.get
off
D.put
off13.Sally,
___
your
sunglasses.
The
sun
is
so
bright.BA.put
up
B.put
on
C.put
away
D.put
down14.Jessica
is
so
helpful
that
she
always
___
our
cat
when
we're
on
holiday.CA.finds
out
B.hears
from
C.looks
after
D.puts
up15.You'd
better
___
the
important
points
your
teacher
said
in
class
and
review
them
carefully
after
class.AA.write
down
B.look
for
C.find
out
D.cut
out16.—Last
night
I
called
you
twice
but
couldn't
___.—I
was
taking
a
walk
with
my
parents
then.BA.go
off
B.get
through
C.call
back
D.come
over17.Passengers
are
required
to
sit
in
their
seats
and
wear
seat
belts(安全带)
to
keep
safe
when
the
plane
is
___.DA.pulling
together
B.running
out
C.showing
up
D.taking
off18.—Your
dance
is
excellent!—Thank
you.
I
___
dancing
while
studying
in
Beijing.AA.picked
up
B.got
up
C.put
up
D.came
outⅡ.单词拼写1.Jane
always
c_______(收集)stamps
as
she
thinks
each
small
picture
tells
us
a
story.ollects2.Good
music
can
t______(打动)
both
your
heart
and
mine.ouch3.[2023合肥瑶海区一模]
He's
always
an
active
man
and
always
e_______(期待)
that
things
are
going
the
right
way.xpects4.I
feel
alive
in
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