适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习Unit6Disasterandhope外研版必修第三册

Unit6DisasterandhopeⅠ.阅读理解AInahigh-techlabonJohn’sHopkinsUniversity’sHomewoodcampusinMaryland,engineershavebeenbuildingarobotthatmaybeabletostitch(缝针)backtogetherthebrokentissuesinyourstomachandevenyourbrain,nodoctorneeded.Therobothasahigh-techcameraononearmandahigh-techsewingmachineonasecondarm.Thegoalistodevelop,inthenextseveralyears,arobotthatmakesthedelicateworkmoreconsistent.Therobot,knownasSmartTissueAutonomousRobot,orSTAR,whichisrunbyahighlyadvancedcomputerprogram,willadvancetechnologycurrentlyinwideuseinoperatingrooms.Therobotcompletesaboutastitchaminute,slightlyslowerthanahumansurgeon.Butthetestssofarhaveshownmoreconsistencythanwhatthehumanscanachieve.Longhoursoftraditionalsurgerycancausehumanhandstogettiredandtremble,whichmaycauseaccidentsduringanoperation.RobertLanger,anengineer,saidtheroboticarmcouldchangethewaysurgeriesaredone.HehashelpedfounddozensofbiotechcompaniesincludingGalenRobotics.TheroboticarmbeingdevelopedbyHopkinsengineersisthiscompany’sproduct.GalenCEOBruceLichorowiccomparedtheroboticarmtofutureforsurgeons,sayingitincreasestheirstability,reducestirednessandpreventscramps(抽搐)duringlongsurgeries,allofwhichleadtosafersurgeries.GalenRoboticshasitsrootsinresearchfromJohn’sHopkinsUniversity,butthecompanyhadbeenbasedinSiliconValleyuntil2019.“Thecompanycurrentlyemploysabout40people,abouthalfofwhomhaveadvanceddegreesfromJohn’sHopkins,”saidLichorowic,addingthatthecompanyplanstogrowto60positionsbytheendoftheyear.Galen’sroboticarmisnotforsaleyet,butLichorowicsaidthecompanyexpectstosubmitanapplicationtotheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)laterthisyear.1.WhatcanSTARdo?A.Shortenoperationtime.B.Replacehumansurgeons.C.Makeoperationssmooth.D.Advancemedicalstudies.2.WhatdoesLichorowicthinkofSTAR?A.Flexible.B.High-cost.C.Promising. D.Unpredictable.3.WhatcanweknowaboutGalenRobotics?A.ItissponsoredbyJohn’sHopkinsUniversity.B.ItstillhasitsbaseinSiliconValleynow.C.Itsrobotarmwillbereleasedlaterthisyear.D.Itisscheduledtoexpandwithinthisyear.4.Inwhichcolumnisthistextmostlikelytoappear?A.Mind&Brain.B.Health&Technology.C.Business&Investment.D.Physics&Medicine.BNooneintheUShas3D-printedatwo-storyhousebefore.Butnowthreecompaniesareworkingtogethertoprintthefirstlarge,two-storyhouseintheUS.Thehouse,whichisinHouston,Texas,wasdesignedbyacompany.Anothercompanyprovidedthe3Dprinter.Andaconstructioncompanyisdoingtheactualbuilding.LeslieLok,whodesignedthehouse,saystherearespecialchallengesinvolvedinprintingthetwo-storyhouse.Oneofthebiggestisthesizeofthemachineneededforthebuilding.The3DprinterinHoustonismassive.Itweighsover12tons.Ms.Loksaysprintingthehousewilltakethemassivemachineabout330hours.That’sabouteightnormalworkweeks.Buttheteamisn’tinarush.Thoughit’satwo-yearproject,theactualprintingdidn’tstartuntillastJuly.Thehouseisnowabouthalfwayfinished.“Wearenottryingtobeattheclock,”saysHikmatZerbe,whoworksfortheconstructioncompany.Instead,they’reusingthehouseasa“biglaboratory”tolearnmoreabout3D-printinghouses.Theywanttoseehowtheconcretereacts“underdifferentweatherconditions”.Theyalsowanttofigureouthowtomake3D-printingfasterandcheaper.Mr.Zerbesaysthatcurrently,3D-printingahousewithconcretecostsmorethanbuildingahousewithwood.That’spartlybecausethetechnologyisnew.Withtimegoingby,Mr.Zerbeexpectsthecostsof3D-printedhousestogodown.Hethinksprinterswillimproveandmakeiteasiertocreatemorehousesquickly.3D-printedconcretehousesarestrongerandholdupbetterinseriousstormsthanhousebuiltwithwood.Thiscansavemoneyinthelongrun.Sincethemachineisdoingthebuilding,fewerworkersareneeded,whichalsosavesmoney.Besides,with3D-printing,it’seasytomakeeachhousedifferentfromotherhouses.Thesekindsofchangescanapplytoalmostanytiling.HikmatZerbesaysthatmeansinthefuture,eachhousecouldbecreatedspeciallyforitsowner.5.Whatisabigprobleminprintingthetwo-storyhouse?A.Thelimitedtime.B.Thelackofskilledworkers.C.Theneedforhuge3Dprinters.D.Theshortageofbuildingmaterials.6.Whatistobestudiedinthebuildingprocess?A.Howtheprintedhousesstandwearandtear.B.How3D-printedhousesaremadestronger.C.Howworkerscanprintlargehousesquicker.D.Howconcretechangeswiththeshiftofweather.7.Whatisadisadvantageofthe3D-printedhouseatpresent?A.Itscostishigher.B.Itcan’tsurvivethestorm.C.Itusesspecialconcrete.D.Itneedsexperiencedworkers.8.HowdoesMr.Zerbefeelaboutthefutureof3D-printing?A.Negative. B.Unclear.C.Worried. D.Hopeful.Ⅱ.完形填空WhenIwasagraduatestudent,Ifelttoobusytoexercise.IpromisedmyselfI’ddoitonceI1school.IknewIwouldbebusyasanassistantprofessor.However,I2mywillpower.

WhenIstartedmyfirstjobatWilliamsCollege,I3didexerciseregularly.ItturnedoutthatIwasina(n)4thatofferedexcellentsupportforwhatI5todo.

Researchshowsthatour6areinfluencedbywhetherourenvironmentmakessomethingeasyordifficult.Eventhesmallestdifferencecanhaveanoutsized7.Inonestudy,researchers8itemsfromthefronttothebackofasaladbar—achangeofjust10inches—andthe9inconveniencemadepeopleeatlessoftheseitems.

MyplantoexercisebenefitedfromWilliamstown’slongwinter.Peoplefiguredthebestwaythroughitwastoget10happilyandenjoyit.Ikeptmeetingpeoplewhowere11joggers.WhenIstarted,theywerequicktooffersocial12.Withsomanyrunnersintown,itwaseasytofindtrails(小径),includingthose13forbeginners.

Do14yourenvironmenttomakechallengingtaskseasier.Ifyouwanttosocialize,befriendoutgoingpersons.Or15yourcellphonewhenyouneedtoconcentrateonstudy.Therightsurroundingsaremorepowerfulthanwillpoweralone.

1.A.attended B.finished C.started D.quitted2.A.believedin B.insistedonC.reliedon D.gavein3.A.unwillingly B.virtuallyC.actually D.barely4.A.occupation B.situationC.position D.environment5.A.hoped B.insisted C.hesitated D.managed6.A.experiences B.choicesC.insights D.emotions7.A.advantage B.rewardC.effect D.risk8.A.examined B.connectedC.counted D.moved9.A.obvious B.major C.unique D.slight10.A.aboard B.outdoors C.home D.inside11.A.enthusiastic B.sensitiveC.independent D.ambitious12.A.resources B.activitiesC.support D.service13.A.instructive B.strangeC.tough D.appropriate14.A.change B.protect C.ignore D.accept15.A.answer B.silence C.keep D.ringⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ohno.CoachCaffertyjustcalledmynameforthatevent.Thetwo-hundred-metrebreaststroke(蛙泳)forthecomingmeet!Notthebackstroke(仰泳)Ihadwishedandpracticedforsolong!Beadsofsweatpoppedoutovermyupperlip.Morganpressedherelbowintomyside,tryingtooffermemoralsupport.Butitdidn’thelp.Mystomachsanktomykneeslikeabrickinwater.Morgantriedtoconvincemeitwouldbefine.“MaybeCoachhasmoreconfidenceinyouthanyouthink.”“OrmaybeCoachCaffertyjustwanttogivetherestalaughwhenIsinktothebottomofthepool,”Ithoughtdesperately.IwalkedtowardsCoachCaffertyandtoldheraboutmyinabilityandmydesiretoquitthisevent.ShefrownedandaskedifitwaswhatIreallywanted.Ihesitated.Placingherhandonmyshoulder,shestartedsmilingandencouragedmetopushmyselfoutsideofmycomfortzone.Thefirstpracticewasadisaster.Ilostrhythmonmystrokes.Imessedupmyturns.Ievenhadtostopandcatchmybreathafewtimes.Ifelteveryonewaslaughingatmeandmystomachtwisted.HowcouldImakeitwithinjusttwoweeks?ButonceIdraggedmyselfoutofthewater,exhaustedandfrustrated,CoachCaffertythumbeduptome,sayingIdidreallywellandjustneededmoreconfidenceinmyselfandmoretimetopractice.Onthewaybackhome,Morgancomfortedme,“Dear,justignoreothers.Raceagainstyourself.Countyourownstrokes.Provetoyourselfthatyoucandoit.”Withthesewordssaidtomealmosteveryday,beforeoraftereachpractice,somethinggraduallychanged:bothhowIswamthebreaststrokeandhowIfeltabouttheeventaswellasmyself.Themeetfinallycame.Iarrivedatthepoolhall,stillalittlebitworried.Aseacheventclickedclosertomine,mykneesshook.Ibitmylipandlookedoutovertheotherswimmers.Morganleanedforward.“Justswimyourrace.Remember,youcan!”注意:1.续写词数应为150个左右;2.请按如下格式作答。Thenthetwo-hundred-milestonebreaststrokewasannounced.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Therewasonly50meterstogo.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit6DisasterandhopeⅠ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马里兰州约翰霍普金斯大学霍姆伍德校区的一个高科技实验室里正在研制的智能组织自主机器人(STAR),尽管它的动作比人类外科医生慢,但它可以使手术更顺畅。1.C细节理解题。根据第三段“Therobot,knownasSmartTissueAutonomousRobot,orSTAR,whichisrunbyahighlyadvancedcomputerprogram,willadvancetechnologycurrentlyinwideuseinoperatingrooms.Therobotcompletesaboutastitchaminute,slightlyslowerthanahumansurgeon.Butthetestssofarhaveshownmoreconsistencythanwhatthehumanscanachieve.”可知,STAR尽管缝针速度不如人类外科医生,但是缝合动作的连贯性比人类医生好,可以使手术更顺畅。2.C推理判断题。根据第五段“GalenCEOBruceLichorowiccomparedtheroboticarmtofutureforsurgeons,sayingitincreasestheirstability,reducestirednessandpreventscramps(抽搐)duringlongsurgeries,allofwhichleadtosafersurgeries.”可知,Lichorowic把机械臂比作外科医生的未来,有着诸多的优点,说明他认为这种机械臂是有前途的。故选C项。3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘Thecompanycurrentlyemploysabout40people,abouthalfofwhomhaveadvanceddegreesfromJohn’sHopkins,’saidLichorowic,addingthatthecompanyplanstogrowto60positionsbytheendoftheyear.”可知,公司要在年内扩大规模,增加工作岗位。故选D项。4.B推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段“Inahigh-techlabonJohn’sHopkinsUniversity’sHomewoodcampusinMaryland,engineershavebeenbuildingarobotthatmaybeabletostitch(缝针)backtogetherthebrokentissuesinyourstomachandevenyourbrain,nodoctorneeded.”可知,本文介绍一个能帮助缝补人体组织的智能组织自主机器人,由此推知,本文最有可能出现“健康与科技(Health&Technology)”专栏。【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了目前有三家公司正在合作打印美国第一个两层的大房子,而这有望成为一种趋势。5.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“LeslieLok,whodesignedthehouse,saystherearespecialchallengesinvolvedinprintingthetwo-storyhouse.Oneofthebiggestisthesizeofthemachineneededforthebuilding.The3DprinterinHoustonismassive.Itweighsover12tons.”可知,最大的问题之一就是需要巨大的打印机。6.D推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知,在建房的过程中,他们想研究混凝土在“不同天气条件下”的反应。7.A细节理解题。根据文章第五段的“Theyalsowanttofigureouthowtomake3D-printingfasterandcheaper.Mr.Zerbesaysthatcurrently,3D-printingahousewithconcretecostsmorethanbuildingahousewithwood.”可知,3D房屋的造价成本较高。8.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,HikmatZerbe对3D打印的未来抱有希望。Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者结合自己锻炼的经历告诉我们环境会让我们的选择变得容易或困难。1.B根据上文“WhenIwasagraduatestudent,Ifelttoobusytoexercise.”推知,作者向自己承诺,一毕业有了时间就参加锻炼。2.A由上文“IknewIwouldbebusyasanassistantprofessor.”和本句However可知,此处表相信自己的毅力。3.C根据上文“IpromisedmyselfI’ddoitonceIschool.”推知,作者从事第一份工作时开始定期锻炼,用“事实上”符合语境。

4.D根据下文“areinfluencedbywhetherourenvironmentmakessomethingeasyordifficult”和“Doyourenvironmenttomakechallengingtaskseasier.”可知,所处的环境会给我们带来一定的影响。

5.A根据上文“IpromisedmyselfI’ddoitonceIschool.”可知,此处是指希望做的事情。

6.B结合上文提到作者上学时很少锻炼,从事