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UNIT3
SPORTSANDFITNESSⅠⅡⅢⅠ.阅读理解AIfreducingstresshasbeenonyoursummer-to-dolist,there’sonepowerfulthingyoucanstilldobeforetheseasonends:getinthehabitoftakingawalkoutsidewithafriend.Aquickwalkinnaturewithafriendcombinesthreeofthemosteffectivestress-reducingandresilience(恢复力)buildingtechniques:physicalexercise,spendingtimeinnatureandsocialconnection.Theactivityworksbyhelpingnormalizethehormonalchangesthatresultfromlongtimestressandenhancingtheemotionalresourcesthathelpuscope.ⅠⅡⅢWalkingquicklyactivates(激活)thebody’sstressresponse.Andwhenthewalkisover,thestresssystemcomesbackdowntothebaseline.Regularexercisehelpsyourstressresponsebecomemoreefficient,saysJenniferHeisz,associateprofessoratMcMasterUniversity.Aslittleas10minutesofsittingorwalkinginnaturecandecreaseaperson’sheartrate,bloodpressureandcortisollevels,aswellasself-reportedstresslevels.Onepossibleexplanation,theresearcherssay,isthatspendingtimeinnaturelowerstheactivityofoursympatheticnervoussystem,whichregulatesstresshormones,andtapsintotheparasympathetic(副交感)nervoussystem,whichpromotesourcalmandrelaxationresponses.ⅠⅡⅢTakingthathikewithalovedonecanfurtherreducestressbyaddingtheimportantelementofsocialconnection.Talkingwithtrustedfriendshelpspeopleprocessstressfuleventsandliftsself-esteem.Socialsupporthaspositiveeffectsonthebrainandbody,scientificresearchfinds.Earlierthisyear,CassieMorenowasinarutofstressandanxiety.Shewasstartinganewjob,strugglingtomakenewfriendsduringthepandemic,andgoingthroughabreakup.StrollingalongtheHudsonRiverwithotherwomen,the26-year-oldMainenativesaysshefeltanimmediatesurgeofconfidenceandcalm.ⅠⅡⅢ“Lookatthewater!LookattheStatueofLiberty!Howdidwegetthislucky?”shesays.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在大自然中快速行走有益于身心健康。ⅠⅡⅢ1.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyanargument.C.Topresentafact.D.Tointroduceatopic.√推理判断题。根据第二段的“A
quick
walk
in
nature
with
a
friend
combines
three
of
the
most
effective
stress-reducing
and
resilience
building
techniques:physical
exercise,spending
time
in
nature
and
social
connection.”可知,此处是要回答上文的问题,可推断出,此处要阐释上文提出的观点。ⅠⅡⅢ2.Whatisanadvantageofspendingtimeinnature?A.Reducingbloodpressure.B.Liftingself-esteem.C.Raisingstresshormones.D.Activatingthenervoussystem.√细节理解题。根据第四段的“As
little
as
10
minutes
of
sitting
or
walking
in
nature
can
decrease
a
person’s
heart
rate,blood
pressure
and
cortisol
levels,as
well
as
self-reported
stress
levels.”可知,在大自然中能降低血压水平,故选A项。ⅠⅡⅢ3.WhatdoesCassieMoreno’sremarkinthelastparagraphindicate?A.Shewasrefreshedwithconfidence.B.Shewasinastateofstressandanxiety.C.Shewasstrugglingthroughahardtime.D.Shewasamazedbythefantasticscenery.√推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Strolling
along
the
Hudson
River
with
other
women,the
26-year-old
Maine
native
says
she
felt
an
immediate
surge
of
confidence
and
calm.”可推断出,Cassie
Moreno感到信心十足,精神抖擞。ⅠⅡⅢ4.Howisthepassagedeveloped?A.Bygivingexplanations. B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bylistingexamples. D.Byprovingassumptions.√推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If
reducing
stress...outside
with
a
friend.”,第二段的“A
quick
walk
in
nature...and
social
connection.”,第四段的“As
little
as
10
minutes...as
well
as
self-reported
stress
levels.”以及倒数第二段的“Strolling
along
the
Hudson
River
with
other
women,the
26-year-old
Maine
native
says
she
felt
an
immediate
surge
of
confidence
and
calm.”可知,本文在开头提出概念,后续段落对这一概念进行解释,使用了解释概念的方式,故选A项。ⅠⅡⅢBThePAL-VLibertyisarevolutionaryvehiclethatcantravelonbothlandandair.Itistheworld’sfirstcommercialflyingcar,anditisnowavailableforpre-order.ThePAL-VLibertyisdevelopedbyaDutchcompanycalledPAL-VInternationalB.V.,whichstandsforPersonalAirandLandVehicle.Thecompanyhasbeenworkingontheprojectsince2001,andhassuccessfullytestedtheprototypein2012.ⅠⅡⅢThePAL-VLibertyisatwo-seaterhybridcarandgyroplane,whichmeansithasathree-wheeledchassisandafoldablerotorontop.Itcanswitchbetweendrivingmodeandflyingmodeinabout10minutes,withthehelpofasemi-automaticsystem.Ithasatopspeedof160km/hontheroadand180km/hintheair,andcanflyupto500kmonasingletankoffuel.Itusesregulargasoline,andcanberefueledatanygasstation.ⅠⅡⅢThePAL-VLibertyisexpectedtobedeliveredtocustomersin2023,alterobtainingthenecessarycertificationsfromaviationauthorities.Thecompanyclaimsthatthevehiclemeetstheexistingregulationsofbothcarsandaircrafts,andthatitissafeandeasytooperate.However,thePAL-VLibertyisnotacheapvehicle,norisitaccessibletoeveryone.Itcosts599,000euros(about4.7millionyuan)forthePioneerEdition,whichincludesflighttrainingcourses,powerheatingandpersonalizationoptions.ThereisalsoacheaperSportEdition,whichcosts299,000euros(about2.3millionyuan),butithaslessfeaturesandrequiresthebuyertopayanadditional10,000euros(about78,000yuan)forflighttraining.ⅠⅡⅢTodrivethePAL-VLiberty,oneneedsbothadrivinglicenseandapilotlicense.Thevehiclealsorequiresarunwayorairstriptotakeoffandland,asitcannotdosoverticallylikeahelicopter.Thecompanysaysithasreceived70ordersforthevehiclesofar,mostlyfromcustomersinEuropeandNorthAmerica.ThePAL-VLibertyisagroundbreakinginnovationthatcouldchangethefutureoftransportation,butitalsofacesmanychallengesandlimitations.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了PAL-V
Liberty是一种革命性的交通工具,可以在陆地和空中行驶,这是世界上第一辆商用飞行汽车,目前已可预订。ⅠⅡⅢ5.What’sthelimitationofthePioneerEditionofthePAL-VLiberty?A.Lackofcustomizedselection.B.Failuretolandandtakeoffvertically.C.Extramoneytobepaidforflighttraining.D.Disagreementwiththeexistingtrafficrules.√细节理解题。根据最后一段中“To
drive
the
PAL-V
Liberty,one
needs
both
a
driving
license
and
a
pilot
license.The
vehicle
also
requires
a
runway
or
airstrip
to
take
off
and
land,as
it
cannot
do
so
vertically
like
a
helicopter.”可知,先锋版的PAL-V
Liberty的限制是不能垂直降落和起飞。ⅠⅡⅢ6.Whatcanweinferaboutfromthepassage?A.ThePAL-VLibertyhasbeenusedinourdailylife.B.Ifyouhaveapilotlicense,youcandrivethePAL-VLiberty.C.Itcanswitchbetweendrivingmodeandflyingmodeinashorttime.D.TheSportEditionhasmoreattractivefeaturesthanthePioneerEdition.√推理判断题。根据第二段中“It
can
switch
between
driving
mode
and
flying
mode
in
about
10
minutes,with
the
help
of
a
semi-automatic
system.”可知,PAL-V
Liberty可以在短时间内在驾驶和飞行模式之间切换。ⅠⅡⅢ7.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthePAL-VLiberty?A.Favorable. B.Skeptical.C.Objective. D.Indifferent.√推理判断题。根据第二段中“It
can
switch
between
driving
mode
and
flying
mode
in
about
10
minutes,...can
be
refueled
at
any
gas
station.”以及第三段中“However,the
PAL-V
Liberty
is
not
a
cheap
vehicle,nor
is
it...for
flight
training.”可知,作者只是客观地描述了PAL-V
Liberty的有关数据,包括它的时速以及价格。ⅠⅡⅢ8.Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.TheDutchInnovationB.TheFutureofTransportationC.TheHybridCarandtheGyroplaneD.TheWorld’sFirstCommercialFlyingCar√主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The
PAL-V
Liberty
is
a
revolutionary
vehicle
that
can
travel
on...which
stands
for
Personal
Air
and
Land
Vehicle.”以及后文可知,本文主要介绍了PAL-V
Liberty的性能和价格,所以D项“The
World’s
First
Commercial
Flying
Car(世界上第一辆商用飞行汽车)”是本文最好的标题。ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.完形填空Ihavegrownupinafootball-lovingfamily.MyeldersisterStevie
1
withCreweAlexandraGirlsforayearortwoasaleftbackjustlikeourheroJamieCarragher.
IremembertheexactmomentwhenItoldmydadIwas
2
indoingwhatmybigsisterdid.Iwaswatchingthegamewithhiminthelivingroomanditjust
3
:“Itmakesme
4
thatIcan’tbeafootballer.”Heaskedwhynot,andIanswered,“BecauseI’mnotaboy.”
He
5
respondedbytellingmethatwomen’sfootballwas“great”andthatIcouldplayifIwantedto.“Yeah,Isupposeso,”Iresponded,“butnoone
6
women’sfootball.”Lookingback,IcanseeexactlywhyIfeltlikethat.
ⅠⅡⅢAtschool,therewasanunwrittenrulethatsportslikerugbyandfootballwereforthe
7
.I’dneverseenawomen’sfootballmatchonTVandtheonly
8
athletesI’dheardofwereintheOlympics.
Today,theEnglandLionesses(英格兰母狮队)will
9
ScotlandintheWorldCup,andpeopleacrosstheworldwilltunein.Althoughwomen’sfootballhas
10
tobeoneofFIFA’sinvestments,themajorityoffemaleplayersintoptiersareearningunderwhatanyonewouldconsiderafair
11
,andonly£24millionprizemoneywasawardedtothewomen’sWorldCupvictorsin
12
with£315milliontothemen’s.That’savast
13
.
ⅠⅡⅢToday,I’llbe
14
theLionessesandthesong“It’scominghome”willmeanmorethistimearound,becauseit’llmeantalented,skillfulfemalefootballersbeing
15
intomillionsofhomesandmaybe,justmaybe,alittlegirlbelievingthatshecanalsobeaLionessoneday.
ⅠⅡⅢ1.A.talked
B.trainedC.lived D.stood2.A.tough B.richC.interested D.concerned3.A.shoutedout B.broughtupC.cameout D.showedup4.A.sad B.surprisedC.scared D.satisfied5.A.eventually B.completelyC.immediately D.temporarily6.A.plays B.knowsC.likes D.watches7.A.students B.girlsC.teachers D.boys8.A.foreign B.femaleC.young D.top9.A.takeon B.putonC.pickup D.holdup10.A.turnedon B.turnedoutC.turnedover D.turneddownⅠⅡⅢ11.A.deal B.chargeC.share D.wage12.A.comparison B.lineC.cooperation D.competition13.A.change B.differenceC.choice D.disaster14.A.cheeringon B.agreeingonC.relyingon D.actingon15.A.delivered B.transportedC.broadcast D.permittedⅠⅡⅢ【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”从小热爱足球,但是因为女性在足球比赛中遭遇的不公平待遇而感到气馁。如今英格兰母狮队将在世界杯上迎战苏格兰队,全世界的人们都将收看比赛,这让“我”感到振奋,也坚定了想要从事足球运动的决心。1.B
根据“with
Crewe
Alexandra
Girls
for
a
year
or
two
as
a
left
back”可知,此处是指在克鲁亚历山德拉女孩队作为左后卫训练了一两年。故选B项。2.C
根据下文“by
telling
me
that
women’s
football
was‘great’and
that
I
could
play
if
I
wanted
to”可知,此处是指“我”对姐姐做的事情感兴趣。故选C项。3.C
根据“It
makes
me
that
I
can’
t
be
a
footballer.”可知,此处是指“我”表态。故选C项。
ⅠⅡⅢ4.A
根据上文“I
was
in
doing
what
my
big
sister
did”可知,此处是指不能成为一名足球运动员让“我”很难过。故选A项。
5.C
根据“by
telling
me
that
women’s
football
was‘great’and
that
I
could
play
if
I
wanted
to”可知,此处是指他立即回应。故选C项。6.D
根据下文“I’d
never
seen
a
women’s
football
match
on
TV”可知,此处是指“我”觉得没人看女足。故选D项。7.D
根据下文“I’d
never
seen
a
women’s
football
match
on
TV(我从来没有在电视上看过女子足球比赛)”可知,此处是指橄榄球和足球等运动是男孩的事。8.B
根据“I’d
never
seen
a
women’s
football
match
on
TV”可知,此处是指听说过的唯一的女运动员。ⅠⅡⅢ9.A
根据“Scotland
in
the
World
Cup”可知,此处是指英格兰母狮队将在世界杯上迎战苏格兰队。故选A项。10.B
根据“women’s
football
has
to
be
one
of
FIFA’s
investments”可知,turned
out符合句意。故选B项。
11.D
根据“and
only
£24
million
prize
money
was
awarded
to
the
women’s
World
Cup
victors”可知,此处是指大多数顶级女足球员的收入都低于人们所认为的公平工资。故选D项。12.A
根据“only
£24
million
prize
money
was
awarded
to
the
women’s
World
Cup
victors”和“with
£315
million
to
the
men’s”可知,此处是指将女足和男足的比赛奖金作比较。故选A项。ⅠⅡⅢ13.B
根据“and
only
£24
million
prize
money
was
awarded
to
the
women’s
World
Cup
victors
in
with
£315
million
to
the
men’s”可知,此处是指这是一个巨大的差异。故选B项。
14.A
根据上文“Today,the
England
Lionesses
will
Scotland
in
the
World
Cup”可知,此处是指“我”将为母狮队加油。故选A项。
15.C
根据上文“people
across
the
world
will
tune
in”可知,此处是指女足球运动员的比赛将被播放到千家万户。故选C项。ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Thefourmountainclimberswerestillbreathingheavilyastheylookedoutintothedistance.Theviewsfromthetopofthemountainwerebreathtaking.Inalldirections,valleys,forestsandothermountainswerelaidoutbeforethem.Theycouldevenseethesmallwoodenhousesofthevillagewheretheyhadspentthenightandtheroutetheyhadtakentoreachthetopofthissmallbutdangerousmountain.Laughingloudly,theyweresurprisedattheircourageinclimbingsuchasteepandrockymountainslope.Filledwithanenormoussenseofachievement,thefouryoungclimberspattedeachotherontheback.ⅠⅡⅢAstheotherthreecontinuedtoenjoytheviews,Jason,theleaderofthegroup,staredatthehorizonwithatroubledlookonhisface.“Whatisit,Jason?”Sofia,theyoungestofthegroup,asked.“Thosedarkcloudsinthedistancemeanaheavystormisfastontheway,”Jasonreplied.Herememberedthevillagershadwarnedhimoftheunpredictableweatherconditionsontopofthemountainandthataterriblestormcouldappearfromnowhere.“Butit’ssowarmandsunnyhere.Idon’tthinkthestormiscomingthisway,”Sofiasaid,moreinhopethanexpectation.ⅠⅡⅢHowever,Jasonfearedtheworstandknewonlytoowellwhatwouldhappenifthestormcaughtthemintheopen.Headdressedthegroupinacalmbutserioustone,“Ifthestormhitsus,thetemperaturewillfalldramatically.Therainandmistwillmakeitdifficultforustoseewherewearegoingandwecouldeasilygetlostorfalloffacliff.Thewindwilltakeourstrength,soweneedtogetmovingfast.”Thefourmountainclimberspackeduptheirfacilitiesandimmediatelystartedbackdownthemountain.Unfortunately,despitetheirbestefforts,thestormwasuponthemsoonerthanexpected.Thewindscreamedintheirears,thedrivingrainstung(刺痛)theireyesandthemistmadeitimpossibleforthemtoseeclearly.ⅠⅡⅢ注意:1.续写词数应为150个左右;2.请按如下格式作答。Withitgettingdark,Jasondecidedthatitwasjusttoodangeroustocontinue.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Finally,thestormshowedsignsofstoppingandth
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