2024年人教版英语中考话题复习课件主题六　科学与技术

范畴二人与社会主题六科学与技术Thinkaboutthefollowingquestions：1．Whatsocialmediadoyouoftenuse?2．Whatdoyouusethesocialmediafor?Lead-in科技改变生活Achallengebecamepopularonsocialmediain2020.Itstartedwithawildideathatsomeonepostedonline:OnFebruary10,thepullofgravity(重力)onEarthwouldchange,①allowingabroom(扫把)tostaybalancedwhenyoustooditupright(直立地).Withinhours,peoplealloversocialmediaweretakingthebroomchallenge.Butlaterthechallenge②turnedouttobeatrick.Broomsactuallycanstanduprightonanydayofayear.Thechallengeisharmless.Butexpertssayit'sjustoneexampleofamoreseriousproblemonsocialmedia:misinformation.Everyday,countlessbitsofmisinformationaresharedonsocialmedia.Itcomesinmanyforms:articles,imagesandvideos.Oftenpeoplespreadmisinformationforfunortogetlikesorshares.Butatothertimes,misinformationisaboutimportanttopicsthatpeopleareinterestedin,liketheenvironment.Thegoalofthiskindofmisinformationistoinfluencepeople'sopinions.Expertssaymisinformationisthemosteffectivewhenitmakespeoplehavestrongfeelings.Forexample,ifavideomakestheviewers(观看者)laughorfeelsadorangry,theyaremorelikelytoshareit.Andthemorethevideohasbeensharedorliked,themorelikelyothersaretobelieveit—andtoshareitwithoutcheckingthefacts.Withsomuchmisinformationoutthere,itcanbehardtotellwhat'strueandwhat'snot.Youmaynotrealizeit,butyoucanplayapartin③keepingmisinformationfromspreadingoutofcontrol.Thebestwayistobemorecarefulofwhatyouseeonline.Ifsomethingseemsreallystrangeorreallyfunnyor④toogoodtobetrue,don'tbelieveit.Usereliable

sources,liketrustednewswebsitesorgov.sites,tocheckwhatyou'reseeing.Thenifyoustillcan'ttellifsomethingistrue,don'tshareit.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网站上充斥着大量的虚假信息，这些信息经常被分享传播，对此作者给出了如何处理这些虚假信息的建议：在不确定其真实性的情况下不要分享。

根据文章内容完成下列各题1．Whydoesthewritermentionthebroomchallenge？()A．Totellusit'sjustasillytrick. B．Toinviteustotakethechallenge.C．Toexplainwhyitgotpopularonline. D．Togiveusanexampleofmisinformation.【解析】推理判断题。通读文章第一段可知，“立扫帚挑战”后来被证实是一个恶作剧，扫帚在一年中的任何一天都可以直立起来。由此可知文章提及“立扫帚挑战”是给我们举了一个虚假信息的例子。故选D。D2．Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytobeshared？()A．Aboringvideo. B．Adifficultarticle.C．Aneye-catchingpicture. D．Atopiclesslikedbypeople.【解析】推理判断题。由第三段倒数第二句“Forexample,ifavideomakestheviewers(观看者)laughorfeelsadorangry,theyaremorelikelytoshareit.”并结合所给选项可知，一张引人注目的图片更有可能被分享。故选C。C3．

Theunderlinedword“reliable”inParagraph4probablymeans“

”．()A．useful B．dependableC．new D．recyclable【解析】词义猜测题。由划线单词后的“liketrustednewswebsites”可知，此处reliable意为“可信赖的”。故选B。B4．

Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus？()A．Howmisinformationisspread.B．Whythereissomuchmisinformation.C．Howtostopmisinformationfromspreading.D．Whypeopleshouldtellwhat'strueandwhat'snot.【解析】段落大意题。通读最后一段并结合最后一段第二句“Youmaynotrealizeit,butyoucanplayapartinkeepingmisinformationfromspreadingoutofcontrol.”可知，最后一段主要介绍了阻止虚假信息传播的方法。故选C。C

理清文章结构和内容，完成思维导图

好词好句积累在文中画出下列词组或句型，翻译并仿写与主题相关的句子。①allow…todosth.___________________________________________仿写：杰克的妈妈不允许他在上学的日子里上网。_________________________________________________________________允许……做某事Jack'smotherdoesn'tallowhimtosurftheInternetonschooldays.②turnout_______________________________________________________仿写：结果证明这台机器很有用。_________________________________________________________________③keep…fromdoing…

_____________________________________________仿写：用这种方式，它可以阻止我们离屏幕太近。

Inthisway,______________________________________________________.证明是，结果是Themachineturnedouttobeveryhelpful/useful.阻止……做……itcankeepusfromgettingtooclosetothescreen④too…to…

_____________________________________________________仿写：人工智能可能会变得太聪明而无法被人类控制。_________________________________________________________________太……而不能……AImaybecometoosmarttobecontrolledbyhumanbeings.

完成“五步式”作文

上述阅读理解介绍了网上传播的虚假信息的特点。在生活中，我们每天接触的网络信息纷繁复杂，网络流言(onlinerumors)真假难辨。对于这些流言，有些中学生不知道应该如何对待。请你结合你的生活经验，以“OnlineRumors”为题，说说你的看法。内容包括：OnlineRumorsThedamageofonlinerumors●influenceourmoods●causedamageHowtodealwithonline

rumors●ignorerumors●communicatewith●don'tbelieverumors要求：1．80～120词；2．文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。参考信息：1．网络流言的危害；2．如何应对网络流言；3．……OnlineRumors___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1．时态：_____________；2．人称：_____________；3．文体：_____________。一般现在时第一人称为主说明文介绍生活中的各种网络流言：Asweallknow,therearemanykindsofonlinerumors__________________(补充网络流言在哪里出现).inourdailylife网络流言的危害及应对措施：Theymakeusfeeldisturbedandevencausegreatdamagetous.Whenwe_________________(说明什么时候),weshouldn'tpaymuchattentiontothem.Weshouldignorethem,andtheywill_____________________(强调这样做的结果).Wecancommunicatewiththepeoplewhospreadtherumorsto_____________________________________(补充说明这样做的目的).Rumorswillhavenoeffectonourlifeifwedon'tbelievethemeasily.faceonlinerumorscometoanendquicklymakethemrealizetheharmoftherumors试着用so、atfirst、inaddition、lastbutnotleast等词或词组衔接成篇，并对文章进行润色升华。

衔接成篇

Asweallknow,therearemanykindsofonlinerumorsinourdailylife.

①Theymakeusfeeldisturbedandevencausegreatdamagetous.

____whenwefaceonlinerumors,Ithink__________

weshouldn'tpaymuchattentiontothem.②Weshouldignorethem,andtheywillcometoanendquickly.

③

,wecancommunicatewiththepeoplewhospreadtherumorstomakethemrealizetheharmoftherumors.

④

rumorswillhavenoeffectonourlifeifwedon'tbelievethemeasily.Allinall,whatweshoulddoistokeepacoolhead.SoatfirstInadditionLastbutnotleast润色升华

①尝试用“notonly…butalso…”升华句式：________________________________________________________________________②尝试用“if从句”升华句式：________________________________________________________________________③尝试用“inorderto”升华句式：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________④尝试用“remember＋that从句”升华句式：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theynotonlymakeusfeeldisturbedbutalsocausegreatdamagetous.Onlinerumorswillcometoanendquicklyifweignorethem.Inaddition,wecancommunicatewiththepeoplewhospreadtherumorsinordertomakethemrealizetheharmoftherumors.Lastbutnotleast,rememberthatrumorswillhavenoeffectonourlifeifwedon'tbelievethemeasily.OnlineRumorsAsweallknow,therearemanykindsofonlinerumorsinourdailylife.Theynotonlymakeusfeeldisturbedbutalsocausegreatdamagetous.Sowhenwefaceonlinerumors,Ithinkatfirstweshouldn'tpaymuchattentiontothem.Onlinerumorswillcometoanendquicklyifweignorethem.Inaddition,wecancommunicatewiththepeoplewhospreadtherumorsinordertomakethemrealizetheharmoftherumors.Lastbutnotleast,rememberthatrumorswillhavenoeffectonourlifeifwedon'tbelievethemeasily.Allinall,whatweshoulddoistokeepacoolhead.Ⅰ.完形填空

WhileitisnotuncommontoseepeoplewalkingtheirdogsonthestreetsofShanghai,peopleare

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toseeadifferentkindof“dog”onthesidewalks—aroboticdog.主题素养提升()1.A．relaxed B．bored C．surprised D．tired【解析】考查形容词辨析。relaxed“放松的”；bored“无聊的”；surprised“惊讶的”；tired“劳累的”。由前句“Whileitisnotuncommontosee…”可知，在上海街头遛狗是常见的，但当人们在人行道上看到机器狗时应该会很惊讶。故选C。CInoneshortvideoontheInternet,ayoungwomanis

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asilverroboticdoginPeople'sSquareinShanghai.()2.A．walking B．practicing C．buying D．catching【解析】考查动词辨析。walk“走路”；practice“练习”；buy“买”；catch“抓住，接住”。此句描述人们在广场遛机器狗的情景。walkadog“遛狗”，是固定表达。故选A。ANamedGo1,therobotwas

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byChinesestart-upUnitreeinJune2021.AccordingtoChen,amanagerofUnitree,therobot

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about16，000yuananditcanrun

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aspeedof4.7meterspersecond.Itisonlyabout12kgandyoucantakeit

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yougo.()3.A．put B．made C．chosen D．thrown【解析】考查动词辨析。put“放；安置”；make“制作；制造”；choose“选择”；throw“扔掉”。此句为被动语态，表达这种机器狗是中国初创企业Unitree制造的。故选B。B()4.A．spends B．pays C．takes D．costs【解析】考查动词辨析。四个动词均意为“花费”，其常用结构为：sb.spend(s)sometime/somemoney(in)doingsth.；sb.pay(＋金钱)forsth.；Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.；sth.cost(s)sb.＋金钱或者时间。此处表示这个机器狗值大约16000元。故选D。D()5.A．at B．in C．under D．on【解析】考查固定搭配。ataspeedof…“以……的速度”，是固定搭配。故选A。A()6.A．whenever B．whatever C．whoever D．wherever【解析】考查连词辨析。whenever“无论何时”；whatever“无论什么”；whoever“无论谁”；wherever“无论何地”。由上文“它只有12千克”可知，此处应表示“无论你去哪里都可以带上它”。故选D。DWangXingxing,theCEOofUnitree,firstdevelopedaroboticdogduring

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post-graduate(研究生)studies.HenameditXDog.Later,hestartedhis

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inHangzhou,Zhejiangin2016.

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，thecompanyhasmaderoboticdogsB1,AliengoandLaikago,andtheconsumer-gradeGo1,A1andBenBen.()7.A．her B．their C．his D．its【解析】考查代词辨析。her“她的”；their“他/她/它们的”；his“他的”；its“它的”。由主语“WangXingxing”和下文中的“Henamedit”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰“post-graduate(研究生)studies”。故选C。C()8.A．hospital B．companyC．school D．community【解析】考查名词辨析。hospital“医院”；company“公司”；school“学校”；community“社区”。由第9空后的“thecompany”可知，此处表示“他在杭州创立了他的第一家公司”。故选B。B()9.A．Sofar B．However C．Atfirst D．What'smore【解析】考查副词(词组)辨析。sofar“迄今为止”；however“然而”；atfirst“首先；起初”；what‘smore“此外”。由下文“thecompanyhasmaderoboticdogsB1…”可知，目前该公司已制造了B1等机器狗。故选A。AAliengoandA1aresoldonlineforaround300，000and100，000yuan.Thetwomodelsare

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usedforindustrialpurposes(工业用途).()10.A．possibly B．clearly C．mainly D．heavily【解析】考查副词辨析。possibly“可能地”；clearly“清晰地”；mainly“主要地”；heavily“严重地”。由语境可知，此处指“这两个型号的机器狗主要用于工业用途”。故选C。C【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海街头出现的机器狗，具体介绍了这种机器狗的制造情况、售价、奔跑速度以及重量。Ⅱ.阅读理解TheBeijing2022WinterOlympicsusedalmost100%man-madesnow,creating1.2millionm3ofsnow.ThiswasthefirsttimetheWinterOlympicshadtakenplaceonalmost100%man-madesnow.②The2022WinterOlympicswasheldinBeijingandZhangjiakou.Theareasgetcoldinwinter,buttheydon'tgetlotsofsnow.ThatmeantsomemajorchangeswereneededtoholdtheWinterOlympicsthere.Sincemakingthesnowtookabout185，500litersofwaterormore,①Chinatookwaterfromareservoir(水库)andsentittoanearbyriver.

①②Tocarrythewatertothemountains,thecountryranmilesandmilesofpipes(管道).Chinahired(雇佣)anItaliancompanycalledTechnoAlpintocreatethesnow.①Forthesnowinthe2022WinterOlympics,TechnoAlpinlaidover64kmofpipesandbroughtinhundredsofsnow-makingmachines,②andthemachinescanmakeseveraldifferentkindsofsnowaccordingtotheneedsofdifferentsports.It'susefultobeabletomakesnowwhennaturedoesn'tprovideenough.Butman-madesnowisn'tthesameasnaturalsnow,whichhasmoreairandlesswater.②Anathletewhogetsusedtonaturalsnowmighthavetoadjust(调整)hisorherstyleonman-madesnow.Astheworldwarmsbecauseofclimatechange,problemslikethisareexpectedtobecomefarmorecommon.Bytheyear2080,onlyoneofthepast21WinterOlympichostswillstillhaverightwinterconditionsfortheGames.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2022年北京冬奥会场中所使用的人造雪及其制造方法。1．HowdidChinaandtheItaliancompanymakeman-madesnow？()①TheydugareservoirinthenorthwestofBeijing.②Theytookwaterfromareservoirandsentittoanearbyriver.③Theylaidover64kmofpipesinthemountain.④Theyprovidedenoughnaturalsnow.⑤Theybroughtinhundredsofsnow-makingmachinestomakethesnow.A．①②③ B．②③④

C．③④⑤ D．②③⑤D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段最后两句“Chinatookwaterfromareservoir(水库)andsentittoanearbyriver.Tocarrythewatertothemountains,thecountryranmilesandmilesofpipes(管道)．”和第三段第二句“Forthesnowinthe2022WinterOlympics,TechnoAlpinlaidover64kmofpipesandbroughtinhundredsofsnow-makingmachines…”可知，②③⑤都是制造人造雪的方法。故选D。2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage？()A．The2022WinterOlympicswasheldinBeijingandZhangjiakou.B.Tocarrythewatertothemountains,Chinaranmilesandmilesofpipes.C．Snow-makingmachinescanmakeseveraldifferentkindsofsnow.D.Anathletewhogetsusedtonaturalsnowmustlikeman-madesnow.D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第一句“The2022WinterOlympicswasheldinBeijingandZhangjiakou.”可知，A项正确；由第二段最后一句“Tocarrythewatertothemountains,thecountryranmilesandmilesofpipes(管道)．”可知，B项正确；由第三段最后一句中的“andthemachinescanmakeseveraldifferentkindsofsnowaccordingtotheneedsofdifferentsports”可知，C项正确；由第四段最后一句“Anathletewhogetsusedtonaturalsnowmighthavetoadjust(调整)hisorherstyleonman-madesnow.”可知，D项错误。故选D。3．

Youmayreadthepassagein

．()A．astorybook B．anewspaperC．afashionmagazine D．anotice【解析】材料出处题。本文介绍的是2022年北京冬奥会人造雪的相关信息，所以文章最可能来自于新闻报纸。故选B。B4．

Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout？()A．Thedifferencesbetweennaturalsnowandman-madesnow.B.TheplacewheretheBeijing2022WinterOlympicswasheld.C.Man-madesnowfortheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.D．Howman-madesnowwasusedintheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了2022年北京冬奥会场中所使用的人造雪的相关情况。故选C。C5．ThehightechnologiesintheBeijing2022WinterOlympicsshowourcountry'sstronglevelofscienceandtechnologyandstrength.Besidesman-madesnow,doyouknowwhatelsehightechnologieswereusedfortheBeijing2022WinterOlympics?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yes,Iknow.SuchasAI,robotics,bigdata,cloudcomputing,livebroadcastonthecloud,3Dprojectiontechnologyandsoon.(本题为开放性试题，言之有理即可)Ⅲ.任务型阅读PierreEscudiehasavineyard(葡萄园)insouthwestFrance.Hisvineyardisdifferentfromothersbecausehehasputsolarpanels(太阳能板)overhisplants.②Manyfarmersintheareahaveseenthedamagetotheircropsfromthehotandcoldweather.AccordingtoEscudie,thesolarpanelssavethegrapesfromthesunwhentheweatherisveryhot.Thepanelsalsorotate(旋转)toallowmorelighttohitthegrapesoncloudydays.①Theyalsohelpwarmthegroundbyaround2℃duringperiodsofextremecold.TheextremehotandcoldweathercausedbyclimatechangeischangingthetasteofFrenchwines.③Highertemperaturesresultinmoresugarandcausethegrapestosweetenearlier.

“Thirtyyearsago,wethought32℃wasanextremetemperature,buttodayit‘s38℃oreven40℃，”Escudiesaid.“Weneedsolutionsifwewanttokeepourlocalgrapesastastyasbefore.Therotatingsolarpaneltechnologymightjustbethefuture.”ThismethodisnotusedforthefirsttimeandiscalledAgrivoltaics(农业光伏系统).Itplacessolarpanelsoverfieldsandvineyards.Thisallowsfarmerstoproducepowerandgrowcropswiththesameland.Soitishelpfulforfarmers.SeveralcompaniesinEuropearedevelopingsimilartechnologytocoverotherdifferentkindsofcrops.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了PierreEscudie的葡萄园中的太阳能板。1．Dothepanelshelpwarmthegroundbyaround2℃duringperiodsofextremecold?________________________________________________________________【解析】细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“Theyalsohelpwarmthegroundbyaround2℃duringperiodsofextremecold.”可知，在天气非常寒冷的时候，太阳能电池板可以帮助升温地面。Yes./Yes,theydo.2．WhydoesPierreEscudieputsolarpanelsoverhisplants?_________________________________________________________________【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第一、二句“Manyfarmersintheareahaveseenthedamagetotheircropsfromthehotandcoldweather.AccordingtoEscudie,thesolarpanelssavethegrapesfromthesunwhentheweatherisveryhot.”可知，PierreEscudie想利用太阳能板抵挡炎热和寒冷的天气。Becausehewantstopreventthegrapesfromthehotandcoldweather.3．Whatcanhighertemperaturesresultinaccordingtothepassage?_________________________________________________________________【解析】细节理解题。由第三段第二句“Highertemperaturesresultinmoresugarandcausethegrapestosweetenearlier.”可知，更高的温度会产生更多的糖，导致葡萄提前变甜。

Theycanresultinmoresugarandcausethegrapestosweetenearlier.4．DoyouhaveapositiveattitudetowardsAgrivoltaics?Whyorwhynot?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【解析】本题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。Yes，Ido.Becauseitplacessolarpanelsoverfieldsandvineyards.Thisallowsfarmerstoproducepowerandgrowcropswiththesameland.Soitishelpfulforfarmers./No,Idon't.Becausethetechnologymightjustbeinthefuture.Ithasnotbeenwidelyusedbyfarmers.It'snotconvenientandmayhavesomerisks.Ⅳ.短文填空

AUScompanymakesanewvehicle.Scientistssaythevehiclecanchangepeople'swayof1._________________around.Thenewvehiclelooks2.________adisc.Adiscisathinflatroundthing.Itisanelectricvehicle.Electricvehiclesuse3.__________tomove.Theydon'tmakeanydirtygas.Theyarefriendlytotheenvironment.Theyare4.________thancarsandplanes.travel(l)ing/goinglikeelectricitybetter1．【解析】分析句子结构可知，

此处缺少动名词。由句意可知，此处表示“旅行的方式”。故填traveling。2．【解析】由语境可知，这种新型交通工具看起来像光盘。looklike意为“看起来像”，为固定搭配。故填like。3．【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词。由上