英语教案-阅读基本技能的训练

阅读基本技能的训练(A)

句子的合理运用

达高中一颜波

1.扫读问题句子的关键词，带着问题阅读文章。

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

2.扫读文章句子的关键词一(-时间，地点，人物，事件)。

目的，改变逐词阅读的习惯，学习快速把握句子主旨大意的方法。扫读的基本

技能简单，就是快速识别并读懂句中的关键词，也就是在阅读的时候将注意力放

在每个句子的关键词上，而忽略那些非关键词。

以下是一个句子的三个关键词;Language,give,view你能够想象是一个怎样的

句子？

原句是;Thisnewlanguagecangiveyouanewviewoflife.

关键词;Ann,finished,homework,yesterday.

原句;Annfinishedherhomeworkwiththehelpofherbrotheryesterday.

3.查询段落的主题句一一段首或段末。

段落的主题句，他可以告诉我们段落的大概，让我们迅速地了解段落的大意，

而其余句子则是关于一些细节的描写。主题句通常出现在段落的第一句或最后一

句，偶尔在中间或需要总结概括。

Bycomparingyourselftootherpeople,youwillfindyourproblemsarenotso

terrible.ThinkaboutStephenHawking,whodiedon15thMarch,in2018.forexample,a

verycleverscientist,whoregardshismanyphysicalproblemsasunimportant.Hecan

notwalkorevenspeak,buthehasbecomeveryfamousandsuccessful.Weare

probablyquitehealthyandsmart,let'snotworryaboutourproblems.Let'sfacethe

challengesinstead.(九年级P9)

4.探寻文章的主题句一一文章开头或结尾。

文章的主题句是文章要表达的观点和看法，及文章的中心思想，它一般出现在

文章的第一段或最后一段。一般采取的是总-…分…总或归纳法。

5.查读-----跳读

是指通过跳跃式的阅读迅速判断出与文章主题相关信息及特定细节和具体事

实所在部分的能力。

目的；训练学生学会阅读文章的大小标题，划线部分，斜体或黑体字，并判断

出文章的组织机构，不同的体裁，知道哪一类信息可能在哪部分或段落中。大标

题能够说明文章的体裁或浓缩文章的主旨。小标题能够给与我们某一问题所查的

范围。划线部分，斜体或黑体字等说明特别强调。记叙类则需要特别关注5个W

(what,when,who,which,where)和一个H(how).说明建议类，通常需要关注措

施与方法有关的词汇等(first,second,then,atlast,——).

6.猜测词义.

是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息，逻辑，背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解

或推断某一生词或关键词的含义，该词一般是超纲词汇或一词多义的单词在文

章中的理解.

A.利用定义猜测.请看以下一段文字，完成下面问题.

penguinsliveonlandforabouthalftheirlives.Penguinscomeonlandfortwo

reasons:toraisefamiliesandtomolt.Moltingiswhenpenguinsgiveupoldfeathers

andgrownewones.AllofAntarcticiscoveredinoldpenguinfeathers.Penguinscan

notswiminthecoldseawithoutafullsetofwaterprooffeatherstokeepthemwarm.

Ittakesthemtwotofourweekstogrowanewcoatoffeathers.

()Whatdoestheword"molt"mean?

A.Birdsoranimalshavebabies.B.Birdsoranimalsmovethroughtheice.

C.Birdsoranimalslookforfood.D.Birdsoranimalslosehairoroldfeathers.

B.利用同义词或反义词猜测.请看一下一段文字，完成下面问题.

Pakistanhas121,000milesofroads.Busservicesandminibusesareavailableto

thepublic.Thetrainisstillthemostcommontransportoflong-distancetravelfor

Pakistanis.Pakistanalsohasanairlinethatoperatesdomesticandinternational

flights.

()TheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword"domestic-inParagraph2may

be“”A.家庭的B.国际的C.驯养的D.国内的

C.利用文章的举例猜测.常用forexample,forinstance,suchas等.

Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,

washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.

()Whatdoestheunderlinedword"appliances"meaninChinese?

A.家具B.电器用具C.洗浴用品D.化妆品

D.禾烟文章中的说明词义的同位语或定语猜测.

Toimprovepeople'slives,DaZhouisplantingmoreandmoretrees,thecityiseven

creatinggreenerbuildingsthatuselesswaterandlesselectricityforpower.

()Whatdoestheunderlinedword"greener"mean?A.Taller.B.Easier.C.More

brightlycolored.D.Betterfortheenvironment.

E.利用上下文逻辑关系猜测.请看一下一段文字，完成下面问题.

Forexample,imagineyouareacookandmustservedinnerto100guests.How

shouldyoudivideyourresourcessothatyoucangetthejobdonemostefficiently?

insituationslikethis,theabilitytothinklogicallywillgetyoutoareasonableanswer

andsolveyourproblem.

()Whatdoestheunderlinedword"resources"meaninthepassage?

A.科目B.资源C.效辜F.信息一

阅读基本技能的训练(B)

词的正确辨析

1.问题句子的关键词。

articlepassageparagraphphrasesentenceword

underlinedaccordingfollowingmentionmainlymainmeanmeaning

statementtitleopiniontruewrongrightfalse.

2.合成词

downstairsupstairschatlineonlinerestroomsupermarketsunglassesunderwater

undergroundboyfriendsgirlfriendsbedroomclassroomliving-roomwashroom

3.派生词的正确含义及词性判断

possible-possibly,simple-simply,gentle一gently,

different一difference-differently,confident_confidence,difficult一difficulty,

taste-tasty,tour-tourist-touristy,day-daily,die-dead-death-dying,

secret-secretary,safe-safety,easy-easily,angry-angrily,heavy-heavily,

free-freedom,true-truth,sleep一sleepy-asleep,wake-awake,wood-wooden,

wool-woolen,quick-quickly,real-really,usual-usually,

4.一词多义

rightlightstudyorderleftwronglaterlatestheavy

5.加ed构成的形容词

crowdedpollutedorganizedembarrassedworriedsurprisedrelaxedfrustrated

interestedexcited

6.容易混淆词

planplantplaneplanet,whetherweather,formfrom,noisenose,thoughtthough

through,rightlightflightfight,sightsign,monthmouth,funfan,expectexcept,

moonnoon,seenseem,snakesnack,fellfeeLexplaincomplain,skillkill,

passagepassengermessage,boughtbrought,litterlittle,nativenature,chance

change,solutionresolution,cinemacamera,tillstilLinstructioninstrument,

feedfeet,wholeholehold,weakweekwake,heatheartheard,worseworst,team

term,bellbelt,commentcommon，foxfax,

7.特殊动词的过去时或过去分词正确判断

wrotewonworewornwrittenthrewthrownflewgrewknewgrownknownkept

heldheardthoughttoldtaughtswamsweptstoodtookspentsleptsatsangsoldsaw

ranrodepaidmetmeantlostledwentgonegaveforgotfoundfoughtfeltfedfellate

drovedrankdrewdonegonecamecaughtboughtbroughtbrokebeenseenmetpaid

riddenwrittentakenspokensungsaidrungmadehadgottenfalleneatendrivendrunk

broken

8.前缀关系猜测词义词性。

dis----dislike,dishonest,disagreement,disbelieve-----disobey,

un----unlike,unfriendly,unpleasant,unable,unfair,unfamiliar,unhappy,

unimportant—

ir-irregular

9.后缀关系猜测词义词性。

A.表示人的名词

——or,translate-translator,visit-visitor,collector,inventor,calculator,creator,

——er,write-writer,sing-singer,teach-teacher,cleaner,worker,dreamer,owner,waiter

reporter,learner—

——ist,art—artist,tour—tourist,psychology—psychologist,science—scientist,violinist,

B.表示事物的名词'

——tion,act—action,organize-organization,donate—donation,educate—education,

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