药学英语III智慧树知到期末考试答案章节答案2024年山东中医药大学

药学英语III智慧树知到期末考试答案+章节答案2024年山东中医药大学Systemically

acting

drugs

administered

by

all

routes

involve

the

absorption

of

drug

from

the

place

of

administration

into

the

blood.

（

）

答案:错Modern

chemical

measurement

systems

often

exhibit

sufficient

selectivity

that

a

quantitative

measurement

can

also

serve

as

a

qualitative

measurement.

（

）

答案:对It

is

difficult

to

measure

the

total

concentration

of

both

unbound

and

bound

drug

in

total

plasma.

（

）

答案:错Much

of

our

present

physiological

knowledge

has

been

found

from

the

experiments

and

studies

on

human

beings.

（

）

答案:对Analytical

chemistry

is

concerned

with

two

important

questions:

what

is

it

(qualitative)

and

how

much

is

it

(quantitative).

（

）

答案:对If

one

strand

of

DNA

molecule

is

damaged,

continuity

of

information

will

be

damaged.

（

）

答案:错The

nervous

system

uses

eleetrical

signals

to

transmit

information

very

rapidly

to

specific

cells.

（

）

答案:对Which

of

the

following

is

not

the

characteristic

of

cells?

(

)

答案:Living

cells

can

not

transform

materialsWhy

can

DNA

repair

and

replicate

with

high

fidelity?

(

)

答案:DNA

double

helix

contains

two

complementary

strands,

one

serves

as

a

template

for

the

synthesis

of

the

other.What

is

beneficial

to

human

and

animal

health

by

consuming

probiotics?

(

)

答案:It

helps

relieve

symptoms

of

lactose

intolerance,

boost

the

immune

system

and

prevent

diarrhea

and

colon

cancerInfrared

spectra

will

give"fingerprints"of

inorganic

compounds

or

their

functional

groups.

（

）

答案:错What

is

the

significance

of

including

complementary

and

alternative

medication

(CAM)

in

pharmacy

practice?

(

)

答案:It

is

to

prevent

and

treat

health

conditions.Surrogate

or

intermediate

outcomes

involve

things

that

do

not

directly

involve

patients’

(

).

答案:well

beingAccording

to

the

passage,

the

new

format

of

a

drug

insert

issued

by

the

FDA

in

2000

(

).

答案:was

more

convenient

for

the

users

to

get

access

to

the

critical

informationThe

assembly

of

macromolecules

into

their

native

conformations

needs

(

).

答案:energy

provided

by

the

formation

of

noncovalent

interactionsWhich

of

the

following

statements

is

true

according

to

the

passage?

(

)

答案:Warning

information

can

be

put

in

either

Black

Box

Warning

section

or

Highlights

of

Prescribing

Information

section.(

)

in

pharmacopoeia

set

forth

the

article's

name,

definition,

specification

and

other

requirements

related

to

packaging,

storage,

and

labeling.

答案:MonographsWhen

was

the

breadth

of

microbiology

revealed?(

)

答案:It

was

not

until

the

late

19th

century.Utilization

of

computer

system

to

facilitate

prescription

processing

becomes

(

).

答案:universalAcademia

and

some

semi-academic

research

organizations

usually

apply

modern

approaches

to

natural

product

drug

discovery.

（

）

答案:错With

the

level

of

sodium

increasing

in

the

extracellular

fluid,

the

cardiac

muscle

cells

become

too

excitable

and

may

contract.

（

）

答案:错Small

molecules

generally

do

not

necessarily

need

a

PK

assay

for

quantification

of

the

unchanged

compound

and

its

(major)

metabolite(s).

（

）

答案:错Surrogate

outcomes

are

preferred

measures

of

efficacy

than

patient-oriented

outcomes,

because

they

can

be

much

more

feasible

to

use.

（

）

答案:错Genomic

studies,

genomic

mining

and

biotechnology

are

being

employed

in

the

research

for

new

antibiotics

and

other

drugs

in

streptomyces.

（

）

答案:对Generation

of

ATP

from

ADP

is

an

energy-liberating

process.

（

）

答案:错As

far

as

the

function

of

the

package

insert

is

concerned,

the

FDA

finds

that

it

is

usually

time-intensive

and

clinically

inefficient

for

many

practitioners

to

get

the

information

they

need,

because

the

package

insert

format

disproportionately

stressed

the

occurrence

of

extremely

rare

clinical

events.

（

）

答案:错In

the

FPI

text,

both

the

sections

dealing

with

risk

information

and

the

sections

not

dealing

with

risk

are

grouped,

but

separately.

But

clinical

pharmacology

and

patient

counseling

information

are

not

included

in

this

section.

（

）

答案:错The

FPI

contains

cross-references

to

the

Highlights,

which

contains

the

full

explanatory

text

for

the

bulleted

summaries

and

is

easily

accessed

by

practitioners

to

encourage

its

use

and

discourage

use

of

the

Highlights

section

as

the

sole

source

of

information.

（

）

答案:错Prodrugs

are

not

therapeutically

effective

unless

they

are

changed

into

therapeutically

active

forms

before

or

after

reaching

the

systemic

circulation.

（

）

答案:对The

FD&C

Act

stipulates

that

the

article

different

in

strength,

quality,

or

purity

may

still

have

the

same

name

if

the

difference

is

stated

on

the

article’s

label.

（

）

答案:对Studies

have

shown

that

many

of

the

prescriptions

filled

from

Internet

pharmacies

are

adulterated,

and

do

not

contain

the

labeled

ingredients.（

）

答案:对According

to

FD&C

Act,

only

drug

products

shall

be

manufactured

in

accordance

with

cGMP.

（

）

答案:错A

drug

is

said

to

be

useful

in

therapy

if

it

has

the

ability

to

produce

its

desired

effects

with

only

tolerable

undesired

effects.

（

）

答案:对Which

of

the

following

is

the

best

way

of

studying

pharmacology

for

medical

students

and

practitioners?

(

)

答案:to

have

curiosity

that

stimulates

them

to

learn

about

sources

of

drugsLowering

blood

glucose

to

a

(

)

higher

level

in

patients

with

diabetes

resulted

in

lower

mortality

and

morbidity

than

did

lowering

blood

glucose

to

near-normal

concentrations

答案:slightlyLooking

beyond

assay

technologies,

sample-clean

procedures

routinely

used

for

(

)

(e.g

solvent

extraction

and

affinity

chromatography

)

usually

cannot

be

used

for

biologics

答案:small

moleculesIt's

unreasonable

for

a

physician

to

be

interested

mainly

in

the

effects

of

drugs

on

human

beings,

for

the

pharmacological

evaluation

of

drugs

in

them

may

be

limited

due

to

technical,

legal,

and

ethical

reasons.

（

）

答案:错The

forces

that

provide

stability

and

specificity

to

the

three-dimensional

structures

of

macromolecules

and

supramolecular

complexes

are

mostly

covalent

interactions.

（

）

答案:错Which

of

the

following

are

specialized

in

producing

force

and

movement?

(

)

答案:muscle

cellsAnalytical

chemistry

seeks

ever

improved

means

of

measuring

the

chemical

composition

of

natural

and

artificial

materials.

（

）

答案:对In

medicine,

analytical

chemistry

is

the

basis

for

(

)

laboratory

tests

which

help

physicians

diagnose

disease

and

chart

progress

in

recovery.

答案:clinicalGMP

compliance

is

a

requirement

only

for

the

manufacture

of

drug

products.

（

）

答案:错What

is

the

meaning

of

"drug

candidate"?

(

)

答案:a

compound

with

some

bioactivityChemically,

biologics

are

mainly

represented

by

(

)

comprising

L-amino

acids

and

various

sugar

molecules.

答案:glycoproteinsWhat

category

does

simvastatin

belong

to?

（

）

答案:lipid

regulating

agentsWhat

are

the

high-value

products

made

from

microbes?

(

)

答案:Medications,

chemicals,

fuels

and

electricityIn

a

parallel

synthesis,

all

the

products

are

(

)

separately

in

their

own

reaction

vessels.

答案:AssortedWhich

of

the

following

Is

not

the

characteristic

of

regulation

by

hormone?

(

)

答案:accurate

in

actionPlasma

drug

concentration

is

affected

by

following

factors

such

as

(

)

答案:all

of

above(

)

spectra

will

give

"fingerprints"

of

organic

compounds

or

their

functional

groups.

答案:InfraredStudies

conducted

by

the

FDA

and

NABP

find

that

many

of

the

prescriptions

filled

from

Internet

pharmacies

are

(

).

答案:adulteratedThe

breakdown

of

large

molecules

to

smaller

ones

is

called

(

).

答案:catabolismWho

observed

microorganisms

with

their

simple

lense

microscopes

in

the

17th

century?

(

)

答案:Athanasius

Kircher

and

Antonie

van

LeeuwenhoekWhen

the

ADR

requires

adjusting

drug

dosage

or

regimen,

discontinuing

the

drug

and

evaluating

the

patient

for

medication

compliance,

it

means

that

the

ADR

associated

with

use

of

the

drug

is

(

).

答案:clinically

significantGenerally,

free

alkaloids

can

easily

dissolve

in

(

).

答案:chloroformAlthough

(

)

is

the

ultimate

decision-making

body

for

USP-NF

standards,

these

standards

are

developed

by

an

exceptional

process

of

public

involvement

and

substantial

interaction

between

USP

and

its

domestic

stakeholders.

答案:USP'S

Council

of

ExpertsBiochemistry

is

to

determine

(

)

答案:how

the

collections

of

inanimate

molecules

that

constitute

living

organisms

interact

with

each

other

to

maintain

and

perpetuate

lifeWhat

is

the

function

of

ATP?

(

)

答案:It

carries

chemical

energy

in

all

cells.Which

of

the

following

is

not

appropriate

for

the

interpretation

of

the

word

"current"?

(

)

答案:keeping

current

with

the

requirements

of

patients(

)

quality

is

often

evaluated

by

testing

suspected

contaminants

using

the

techniques

of

analytical

chemistry.

答案:EnvironmentalWhat

do

you

infer

from

"the

relatively

new

science

of

microbiology

is

huge"?

(

)

答案:Microbiology

contains

the

subdisciplines

concerning

many

fields

such

as

food,

medicine

veterinarian,

genetics,

pharmacy,

environment,

industry,

agriculture,

etcWhich

of

the

following

is

not

the

fundamental

characteristic

of

living

organisms?

(

)

答案:passive

diffusionChemists

often

start

a

combinatorial

synthesis

by

attaching

the

first

set

of

building

blocks

to

(

),

microscopic

beads

made

of

polystyrene.

答案:softWhich

of

the

following

statements

is

right

according

to

the

passage?

(

)

答案:There

is

a

relationship

between

the

significance

of

the

contraindications

and

the

likelihood

of

occurrence

and

the

size

of

population.In

a

drug

insert,

pharmacokinetic

effects

are

included

in

(

)

section

答案:Drug

InteractionThe

"Recent

Major

Changes"

section

lists

only

major

changes

in

the

boxed

warning,

indications

and

usage,

dosage

and

administration,

contraindications

and

warnings,

and

precautions

sections.

（

）

答案:对In

the

1980s,

health

practitioners

found

it

easy

to

get

specific

information

and

to

distinguish

critical

information

from

less

important

issues

in

the

package

insert.（

）

答案:错Some

information

in

FPI

Contents

section

is

cross-referenced

in

(

)

section.

答案:Highlights

of

Prescribing

InformationFor

the

drugs

that

received

the

FDA,

s

approval

more

than

5

years

before

the

final

ruling

in

June

2006,

the

pharmaceutical

companies

may

elect

either

to

continue

the

old

format

of

the

package

insert

or

to

reformat

it.

（

）

答案:对Same

as

that

in

the

USA,

all

drug

products

are

inspected

by

the

regulatory

authority

for

compliance

to

GMP

in

the

UK.

（

）

答案:错Each

stage

of

A

PI

production

will

influence

the

quality

of

final

API.

（

）

答案:错“Starting

material”

includes

(

)

答案:both

A

and

B(

)

is

the

drug

regulatory

agency

in

the

UK.

答案:MHRAWhich

of

the

following

statements

on

the

manufacture

of

API

is

NOT

true?

(

)

答案:Impurities

present

in

final

API

will

be

removedImpurities

in

the

final

API

will

be

removed

because

it

will

influence

the

quality

of

drug

products.

（

）

答案:错ICH

Q7

A

is

a

worldwide

guidance

for

the

manufacture

of

drug

products

for

both

commercial

and

R&D

purposes.

（

）

答案:对Which

of

the

following

statements

about

the

US

and

the

UK

requirements

on

GMP

is

NOT

true?

(

)

答案:The

UK

GMP

was

mandatoryA

drug

with

wide

therapeutic

window

is

often

safer

than

those

with

narrow

ones.

（

）

答案:对Even

a

drug

that

causes

many

more

harms

than

benefits,

it

may

still

be

worth

prescribing

to

patients.

（

）

答案:对Which

of

the

following

statements

is

TRUE?

(

)

答案:Drugs

that

are

efficacious

in

clinical

trials

may

not

be

very

effective

in

clinical

uses.Adverse

effects

may

only

be

fully

known

after

a

drug

has

been

in

widespread

clinical

use

for

a

long

time.

（

）

答案:对The

intuitive

standard

used

for

the

measurement

of

efficacy

and

safety

in

medical

history

are

no

longer

used

today.

（

）

答案:错Clinicians

often

consider

factors

that

are

somewhat

(

),

such

as

personal

experience,

anecdotes,

peer

practices,

and

expert

opinions.

答案:subjectiveWhich

of

following

elements

is

not

involved

in

Patient-oriented

outcomes?

(

)

答案:concentrations

of

cholesterol(

)

increases

risk

of

bleeding.

答案:Excessive

warfarinUnlike

effectiveness,

efficacy

cannot

be

evaluated

accurately

even

in

an

ideal

environment.

（

）

答案:错Tissue

cross-reactivity

(TCR)

studies

in

a

panel

of

human

tissues

determining

the

level

of

cross-recognition

are

necessary

for

targeted

biologics

such

as

mAbs.

（

）

答案:对The

activity

assay

is

particularly

useful

for

measuring

the

neutralizing

activity

of

an

ADA,

although

it

was

originally

developed

to

measure

product

efficacy.

（

）

答案:对As

in

the

case

for

small

molecules,

some

toxicological

studies

have

to

be

performed

before

first

use

in

humans.

（

）

答案:错(

)

is

generally

directly

related

to

uncertainty

and

is

reduced

through

knowledge

and

best

scientific

practices.

答案:SafetyBecause

of

the

(

)

of

the

compound

class,

our

future

nonclinical

development

programs

must

be

considered

largely

on

a

case-by-case

basis.

答案:heterogeneityToxicology

programs

with

(

)

administration

of

biologics

often

have

less

long-term

treatments

than

SMDS.

答案:multiple-doseEssential

reagents

such

as

poly-

or

monoclonal

antibodies

might

not

be

difficult

to

obtain

in

the

early

stages

of

development.

（

）

答案:错sample-clean

procedures

routinely

used

for

small

molecules

cannot

usually

be

used

for

biologics.

（

）

答案:对Adequate

exposure

needed

for

specific

treatment

regimens

can

be

hindered

by

the

formation

of

(

)

with

drug

neutralization

or

accelerated

clearance.

答案:antidrug

antibodiesTo

incorporate

natural

products

in

the

modern

HTS

programmes,

a

natural

product

library

is

not

useful.

（

）

答案:错What

category

does

paclitaxel

belong

to?

(

)

答案:antineoplastic

agentsThe

traditional

way

of

discovering

drug

from

natural

product

is

bioassay-guided.

（

）

答案:对Cephalosporin

C

is

an

antiviral

compound.

（

）

答案:错90%to95%of

plants

on

this

planet

have

not

been

investigated

so

far.

（

）

答案:对What

is

the

meaning

of

HTS?

(

)

答案:High

Throughput

ScreeningNatural

products

have

been

a

source

of

drugs

and

drug

leads.

（

）

答案:对What

category

does

azithromycin

belong

to?

(

)

答案:antibiotics

of

macrolidesThe

list

of

prohibited

substances

at

the

Olympic

Games

includes

about

500

different

active

constituents,

such

as

(

).

答案:all

of

the

aboveDoped

compounds

are

identified

using

the

highly

selective

combination

of

gas

(

)-mass

spectrometry

(GC-MS).

答案:ChromatographyIn

industry,

analytical

chemistry

provides

the

means

of

testing

raw

materials

and

for

assuring

the

quality

of

finished

products

whose

chemical

(

)

is

critical.

答案:composition(

)

spectrometry

provides

molecular

structural

data

on

the

compounds.

答案:MassBlood

(

)

must

be

monitored

in

diabetics

(and,

in

fact,

most

diseases

are

diagnosed

by

chemical

analysis).

答案:glucosThe

formation

of

a

white

precipitate

when

adding

a

solution

of

silver

nitrate

to

a

dissolved

sample

indicates

the

presence

of

(

).

答案:chlorideChromatography

provides

powerful

(

).

答案:SeparationRegarding

the

definition

of

bioavailability

(BA),

BA

is

related

to

(

)

答案:total

plasma

drug

concentration,

and

the

administered

drug

doseBiopharmaceutics

mainly

studies

the

in

vivo

process

of

drugs

and

metabolite