新版版新目标八年级下学期期末知识点完全梳理

新版版新目标八年级下学期期末知识点完全梳理June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)JessieUnit1What’sthematter,SectionA1.What’sthematter?怎么啦,出什么事情了,What’sthematterwithyou?=What’sthetroublewithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?【拓展】matter的用法Itdoesn’tmatter没关系2.Ihaveacold我感冒了Ihaveastomachache我患胃痛Ihaveasoreback.我背痛。【解析1】haveacold受凉;感冒havea/an+疾病名词―患……病‖(cold/fever/cough)haveasorethroat患喉咙痛haveasoreback患背痛haveafever发烧haveacold=catchacold患感冒haveastomachache患胃痛haveatoothache患牙痛haveaheadache患头痛haveabackache患背痛3.Shetalkedtoomuchyesterdayanddidn’tdrinkenoughwater.【解析1】toomuch/toomany/muchtoo短语含义用法例句toomuch太多后接不可数名词Thereistoomuchrainthesedays修饰动词，放在动词之后WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.toomany太多后接可数名词复数Therearetoomanythingsformetodo.muchtoo太修饰形容词或副词It’smuchtoocoldinwinter.【解析2】enough的用法(1)adj.足够的，充分的放在名词之前enoughtime(2)adv.―足够地，十分，相当‖放在adj./adv后oldenough(3)be+adj.+enoughtodosthbestrongenoughtocarrythebox.4.drinksomehotteawithhoney.喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。【解析】with:prep具有,带有;和......一起;用......(反)withoutSheisagirlwithlonghair.Iliketotalkfreelywithmyfriends.5.seeadentistandgetanx-ray.看牙医并且拍张x光。seeadentist=gotoadentist看牙医seeadoctor=gotoadoctor看医生6.No,itdoesn’tsoundlikeyouhaveafever.不需要，听起来你不像发烧了。【解析】soundlike听起来像，后接名词或名词性短语作表语。Itsoundslikeagoodidea.【拓展】感官动词+likefeellike摸起来像smelllike闻起来像looklike看起来像tastelike尝起来像7.At9:00a.m.yesterday,busNo.26wasgoingalongZhonghuaRoadwhenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.【解析】seesb.dosth看见某人做某事(看到动作发生的全过程)seesb.doingsth看见某人正在做某事(强调动作正在发生)【解析】lie?lay?lainv躺下，(现在分词lying).liedown躺下liedownandrest躺下休息8.Thebusdriver,24-year-oldWangPing,stoppedthebuswithoutthinkingtwice.第1页共1页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessie【解析】24-year-old24岁的9.Hegotoffandaskedthewomanwhathappened.【解析】getoff下车(反)geton上车【拓展】getup起床getover克服;度过getoutof从…出来geton,alongwellwith与……相处融洽getto到达10.Buttohissurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.【解析1】surprisev./n.使吃惊,惊讶surprisingadj.令人吃惊的surprisedadj.吃惊的surprisesb.使某人吃惊Thebadnewssurprisedme.besurprisedat对……感到吃惊toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是insurprise吃惊地【解析2】agreev?(反)disagree–agreementn同意(1)agreewithsb.同意某人Iagreewithyou.(2)agreetodosth.同意做某事11.ThankstoMr.Wangandthepassengers,thedoctorsavedthemanintime.【解析1】thanksto多亏;由于thanksfor―因……而感谢‖【解析2】ontime准时/intime及时【记】Shedidn’tcatchthebus_________,soshecouldn’tarrivethere__________.【短语】allthetime一直forthefirsttime第一次【句型】It’stimetodosth=It’stimeforsth是该做某事的时间了12.Butthedriverdidn’tthinkabouthimself.【解析】thinkabout考虑thinkof想起thinkover仔细考虑13.Doyouagreethatpeopleoftendonothelpothersbecausetheydonotwanttogetintotrouble?【解析】troublen.问题;苦恼getintotrouble陷入困难beintrouble处于困境中havetrouble(in)doingsth做某事有困难14.Didyoufalldown?你跌倒了吗,【解析】fall?fell?fallenv落下;跌落falldown摔倒Shefelldownfromherbikefalloff指从某物上跌落下Thegirlfelloffthebike.fallbehind落后fallasleep入睡SectionB1.Someonefeltsick.有人生病了。【解析】feelsick生病;不舒服sick/illadj.生病的sickadj.―生病的‖，既可放be(系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。ill只能位于be(系动词)后作表语ill?illnessn.―病;疾病‖2.Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.【解析】asprep，"作为"，"以……身份"。3.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingthingsaboutdoingdangeroussports.【解析】oneof…......之一第2页共2页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessie【结构】―oneof+the+adj.最高级+n复数‖做主语，谓语动词用单数。OneofthemostpopularcolorsisredinChina.4.ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccidents.【解析1】lose?lost?lostv失去loseone’slife失去生命【解析2】becauseof由于;因为because/becauseofbecause和so不能一起连用，二者只能用其一【拓展】5.OnApril26,2003,hefoundhimselfinaverydangeroussituationwhenclimbinginUtah.【解析1】on修饰具体的某一天onaSundaymorning;onFriday【解析2】find?found?foundv寻找(1)findsb.doingsth发现某人做某事(2)findit+adj.+todosth发现做某事很……finditdifficult/hardtodosth发现做某事很困难6.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.【解析】run?ran?runv跑runoutof=useup用完【区别】:runoutof其主语通常是人，后边要接宾语runout其主语通常是物7.ThismeansbeingIadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.【解析1】mean?meant?meantv意味着?meaningn意思(1)meandoingsth.意味着做某事(2)meantodosth.打算做某事【拓展】询问―......的意思‖的常用句型:Whatdoes...mean?Whatisthemeaningof...?8.Arontellsoftheimportanceofmakinggooddecision,andofbeingincontrolofone’slife.【解析1】importantadj.重要的(反)unimportant?importancen重要性Myparentshavetaughtme____________(…..的重要性)ofworkinghard.Anyonecanseethe____________(important)ofgoodhealth.【解析2】decidev决定?-decisionn决定(1)decidetodosth=makeupone’smindtodosth(2)makeadecision做决定9.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountains.【解析1】―So+adj.+that‖―如此……以至……‖引导结果状语从句Hewassostrongthathecouldlifttheheavybag.】keepon(doingsth)继续或坚持做某事【解析2Wemustkeeponworkinghardinthecomingnewyear.10.DowehavethesamespiritasAron?我们有阿伦那种精神吗,【解析】thesame…as…和......一样benotthesameas=bedifferentfrom与......不同11.death【解析】diev.deathn.死，死亡deadadj.死的dyingadj.将死的12.Aronlovesmountainclimbinganddoesn’tmindtakingrisks.【解析】mindv介意n.头脑，想法，记忆【短语】makeupone’smind下定决心nevermind不要紧changeone’smind改变主意keep…inmind记住……【句型】Wouldyouminddoingsth你介意做某事吗,第3页共3页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessie13.Arondidnotgiveupaftertheaccidentandkeepsonclimbingmountainstoday.【解析】giveup放弃(代词应放在动词词组的中间)giveupdoingsth=stopdoingsth放弃做某事二、重点语法1.情态动词should的用法Whatshouldshedo?ShouldItakemytemperature?【解析1】should―应该‖情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示建议1)肯定句:主语+should+do2)否定句:主语+shouldnot/shouldn’tdo3)一般疑问句:Should+主语+do【解析2】takeone’stemperature量体温2.Jennycutherself.【反身代词】第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.可用作宾语，当宾语和主语表示同一个人时。如:Mariaboughtherselfascarf.Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.2.可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如:SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.Imetthewriterhimselflastweek.3.反身代词的常见搭配:teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学byoneself=alone独自,单独helponeselfto随便吃introduceoneselfto自我介绍hurtoneself伤到自己lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself照顾自己enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime玩得高兴Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.1.giveout分发～发放【拓展】give构成的短语还有:giveaway赠给～赠送givein屈服～投降giveup放弃giveoff发出,气味、光、热等,2.comeupwith提出～想出(1)表示“想出或提出”～相当于thinkofIthinkshecancomeupwithagoodidea(2)comeupwith还可表示―赶上‖,相当于catchupwith.Weshouldstudyhardtocomeupwiththem3.I’verunoutofit.runoutof表示“用完～用光”～其主语一般是人。【拓展】runoutof还可表示“从……跑出来”。Billranoutoftheroom.run构成的短语还有runaway逃走runafter追赶runintodifficulties遇到困难4.Itakeaftermymother.我长得像我妈妈。第4页共4页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessie【辨析】takeafter与lookliketakeafter意为“长得像～行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈。Theboytakesafterhisfather.这个男孩长得像他爸爸。looklike可以用于所有场合～既可指人也可指物～仅指外表看上去像。Themanlookslikeourteacher.这个男的看起来像我们的老师。【拓展】take构成的短语takeuptakeofftakeplacetakeone’stimetakecare5.setup创办～建立setup为副词短语～与start,establish同义They’vesetupacompany.他们创办了一家公司。与set相关的短语还有:setout动身～开始,做某事,setoff出发～引起～激发6.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.it是形式宾语Youmadeitpossibleformetocatchupwithothers.你让我有可能赶上其他人。7.Luckymakesabigdifferencetomylife.Lucky对我的生活产生了很大的影响。makeabigdifference意为“对……产生很大的影响”～difference在此为“影响”的意思。【例题】Theheavysnowdidn’t___theinternationalairlines.A.payattentiontoB.addtoC.makeadifferencetoD.keepto8.imaginev.想象～假想,以为～认为imagine,v.想象,?imagination,n.想象,?imaginative(adj.富于想象力的,9.help...out帮……克服困难～帮……分担工作Theteacheroftenhelpshisstudentsout.那位老师经常帮他的学生解决问题。10.beexcitedabout...对……兴奋I’mexcitedaboutthegameofLiNa.我对李娜的比赛感到兴奋。exciting修饰物重点语法:动词短语动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式:(1)动词+介词这类动词短语主要有:agreewith,askfor,arriveat,hearof,lookat,takeafter,listento等。这类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词～都要放在介词之后。I’mlookingformypen.Don’tlaughatthepoorman.(2)动词+副词这类动词短语有:findout,giveout,lookup,puton,turnon/off,wakeup,workout等。这类动词后面的宾语是名词时～名词可放在副词前面或后面,宾语是代词时～代词只能放在副词前面。Pleasepickupthepen.=Pleasepickthepenup.Ittookhimtwohourstoworkitout.(3)动词+名词+介词这类动词短语:havealookat,makefriendswith,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto等。第5页共5页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessie在这类动词短语中～宾语都放在介词之后。Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation.(4)动词+形容词+介词这类动词短语有:beangrywith,bebusywith,begoodfor,bedifferentfrom,beinterestedin,begoodat等。Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?SectionA1.Peter,couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash?彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗,【解析1】Couldyoupleasedosth?请你(做)......好吗,用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答:Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly./Noproblem.否定回答:Sorry,Ican’t【解析2】takeout取出(v+adv)跟代词做宾语，代词放中间;跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边【短语】takeoutthetrash倒垃圾takeawalk散步takeaway拿走，取走takeback收回takeplace发生takeoff脱下;起飞2.Canyoudothedishes,【结构1】dothe+名词:dothedishes/laundry洗餐具/衣服【结构2】dothe+动词-ingdothecleaning打扫卫生【结构3】doone’s+名词doone’shousework/homework做家务/家庭作业【结构4】dosome+动词-ingdosomereading/shopping读写书/购物3.CouldIatleastfinishwatchingthisshow?【解析1】CouldIdosth.?我可以做......吗,用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。CouldIgooutwithmyclassmatethisweekend?【解析2】atleast至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反)atmost至少，不超过4.IthinktwohoursofTVisenoughforyou!【解析1】twohoursofTV表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，常被视。作整体，谓语动词用单数形式Howtimeisflies!Threeyears_____(be)reallyashorttime.足够的，充分的(在句中作定语或表语)作形容Idon’thaveenoughmoneywithme.词enough足够;充分(放在形容词;副词后)作副词Theriverisdeepenoughforswimming.【记】Mr.Smithhasenoughmoney,butheisn’tkindenoughtohelpothers.【注意】enough修饰名词时，置于名词前;修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。5.Couldyoutakeouttherubbish,foldtheclothesanddothedishes?【解析】takeout拿出;取出第6页共6页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessietake的用法:Pleasetakesomebookstotheclassroom.拿;取吃;喝;服用takeTakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Theyusuallytakethebustowork.乘(车;船等)花费(时间;金钱)Ittakesmetwohourstodomyhomeworkeveryday.【拓展】take构成的短语:takeawalk去散步takearest休息takecareof照顾takeoff脱下;起飞takeup占据takedown拿下takeone’stime不急;慢慢来takeone’stemperature量体温6.TheminuteIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.【解析1】theminute=assoonas―一......就......‖Pleasewritetometheminuteyougetthere.【解析2】infrontof指在物体外部的前面infrontofThereisabikeinfrontoftheclassroom.【辨析】指在物体内部的前面inthefrontofOurteacherisstandinginthefrontoftheclassroom【注意】有the无the区别大:attable吃饭;进餐atthetable在桌边inhospital住院inthehospital在医院(不一定看病)【解析3】comeover过来【拓展】come短语:comeacross(偶然)发现comeback回来comeupwith想出cometrue实现comedown下来comefrom=befrom来自,出生于comein/into进入,进来comeon赶快,加油comealong走吧,过来,快点comeandgo来来去去comeup上来comeout出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来7.YouwatchTVallthetimeandneverhelpoutaroundthehouse!【解析】allthetime=always一直;总是【拓展】与time相关的短语:ontime按时intime及时atthesametime同时fromtimetotime偶尔thefirsttime第一次attimes有时timeandtimeagain一再;经常lasttime上次nexttime下次8.I’mjustastiredasyouare!我和你一样累～【解析】as...as...和......一样......【注】比较级倍数表达句型为:倍数+as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象9.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.【解析】neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语―某人(主语)也不‖两者都不neither…nor…既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定第7页共7页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)JessieNeitherTomnorJimisastudent10.Thenextday,mymomcamehomefromworktofindthehousecleanandtidy.【解析】find+宾语+宾语补足语11.―I’msosorry,Mom.Ifinallyunderstandthatweneedtosharethehouseworktohaveacleanandcomfortablehome.‖Ireplied.【解析1】needv需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语，sb.needtodosth某人需要做某事(2)物做主语，sthneeddoingsth=sthneedtobedoneStudentsneed__________(have)agoodrestinstudying.Thewatchneeds___________(mend).用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)needn’t=don’thaveto没有必要(2)need,must引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t—MustIgotherenow?—Yes，youmust/No,youneedn’t【解析2】share分享;共用sharesth.withsb.与某人分享某物12.CouldIhangoutwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?【解析】hangout闲逛hangup把......悬挂/挂起13.Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?【解析】passv给;递;passsb.sth把某物递给某人passon传递v通过;路过Ipassyourhome.v通过(考试);及格Tomcanpasshismathexam.14.CouldIborrowthatbook?Couldyoulendmesomemoney?【解析】borrow/lend/keep(1)borrow与from连用，尤指主语―【借进来‖】borrowsth.fromsb.从某人那借某物Youcanborrowthebookfromthelibrary.(2)lend借出,与to搭配【指借出去】lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.把某物借给某人Hedoesn’twanttolendhisbooktoothers.(3)keep保留，保存(延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用)【指借一段时间】【记】Iwantto__________abikefrommyfriendbuthedidn’t____ittome,becauseTomhad_____itfortwodays.15.IcutmyfingerandI’mtryingnottogetitwet.【解析】try(not)todosth努力(不)做某事。【拓展】(1)tryon试穿(2)trytodosth努力做某事【侧重尽力做】(3)trydoingsth试图做某事【侧重尝试做】(4)tryone’sbesttodosth=doone’sbesttodosth尽某人最大努力做某事16.Ihatetodochores.我讨厌做家务。【解析】hatetodosth.表示某次具体行为或动作。Ihatetotroublehim.hatedoingsth..表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。Shehatessmokinginher第8页共8页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessieroom.17.CouldIaskyoutohelpmewithsomechoresthen?【解析】asksb.todosth要求某人做某事。askfor请求，要某物asksb.aboutsth向某人询问关于某事(1)asksb.forhelp向某人请求帮助(2)asksb.(not)todosth请求某人做某事ask构成的短语:asksb.todosth请某人做某事asksb.nottodosth不让某人做某事asksbforsth向某人要某物askforhelp寻求帮助18.I’llfinishmyhomeworkwhileyouhelpmewiththedishes.【解析1】finishdoingsth完成某事【解析2】whileconj.―在……期间;当……的时候‖,引导的时间状语从句的谓语。动词只能是延续动词【解析3】helpsb.withsth.在某事上帮助某人。【注】helpv帮助?helpfuladj.有帮助的(1)helpsb.dosth.=helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事(2)withthehelpofsb.=withone’shelp在某人的帮助之下3)withoutthehelpof没有在…的帮助之下(Unit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?SectionA1.Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?【解析】Whydon'tyoudosth?=Whynotdosth?为什么不......呢,【拓展】用于提建议的句型有:(1)Whataboutdoingsth?=Howaboutdoingsth?….怎么样,(2)Whydon’tyoudosth?=Whynotdosth?为什么不呢,(3)Let’sdosth.(4)Shallwe/Idosth?(5)hadbetterdo/notdosth(6)Will/Wouldyoupleasedosth(7)Wouldyouliketodosth?(8)Wouldyouminddoingsth,【回答】(1).同意对方的建议时，一般用:?Goodidea./That’sgoodidea.好主意?OK/Allright./Great好/行/太好了?Yes,please./I’dloveto是的/我愿意?Iagreewithyou我同意你的看法?Noproblem没问题?Sure/Ofcourse/Certainly当然可以?Yes,Ithinkso对，我也这样想(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用:?Idon’tthinkso我认为不是这样?Sorry,Ican’t对不起，我不能第9页共9页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessie?I’dloveto,but…?I’mafraid…我愿意，但恐怕……2.IhavetostudytoomuchsoIdon’tgetenoughsleep.【解析1】(1)toomany+复数名词许多toomanypeople(2)toomuch+不可数名词许多toomuchhomework(3)muchtoo+形容词太…muchtoocold【解析2】soconj.因此(表示因果关系，后跟表示结果的句子，不与because同时使用)3.Myparentsdon’tallowmetohangoutwithmyfriends.【解析】allowsb.todosth允许某人做某事allowdoingsth允许做某事Theydon’tallowsmoking.allowsb.todosth允许某人做某事MymotherallowsmetowatchTV.【拓展】allow与let的辨析:allow指“允许”，表示“默许，听任，不加阻止”，let指“让”，letsbdosth让某人做某事，语意较弱，多用于口语中，let不能用于被动语态。4.What’swrong?【解析】What’swrong(withsb./sth)(某人/物)怎么了,5.Youlooksad,Kim.【解析】look看起来(系动词，后跟形容词作宾语)【拓展】:系动词:后跟adj.作表语一是:(be)am/is/arebequiet=keepquiet保持安静二保持:stay/keep(表示持续状态)stayhealthy=keephealthy保持健康三变化:become/get/turn(表示状态变化)五起来:sound/look/smell/taste/feel(表示感觉)7.Youcouldcallhimup.你可以给他打电话。【解析】callup(v+adv.)IcallupmyparentseverySunday.8.Well,Ifoundmysisterlookingthroughmythingsyesterday.【解析1】findsb.doingsth发现某人正在做某事Mr.WangfoundLiDongreadingastorybookintheclass.类似动词:hear，watch,see,feel，notice【解析2】lookthrough浏览lookfor寻找lookafter=takecareof照看looklike看起来像lookthesame看起来一样lookover检查lookout小心,从里向外看lookup向上看,查单词lookaround环视lookforwardto期望9.Yes,butI’mstillangrywithher.【解析】beangrywithsb.生某人的气【拓展】angryadj.生气的?angrilyadv.生气地(1)beangrywithsb.对某人生气【with后接人】(2)beangryat/aboutsth对某事感到生气【at后接事】(3)beangrytodosth做某事感到生气10.Althoughshe’swrong,It’snotabigdeal.【解析1】although=though尽管,用来引导让步状语从句。【注】though/although不能与but连用【拓展】although/however辨析?althoughconj，“虽然;即使;纵然”，引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。Althoughheisveryold,yetheisquitestrong.他虽然年纪大了，但身体还很健第10页共10页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessie壮。?howeveradv，在句中作插入语，起一个连词的作用，一般用逗号与句子分开，可以放在句首或句中，意为“然而，尽管如此”。It’sraininghard.However,Ithinkweshouldgoout.【解析2】It’snotabigdeal.没什么大不了;不是什么大事(常用于口语中)11.Youleftyourhomeworkathome.你把作业忘在家里了。【解析】leavev遗忘，留下leavesth.somewhere把某物忘在某地leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下12.Hopethingsworkout.希望事情顺利解决。【解析1】hopev希望hopetodosthIhopetovisitGuilin.hope+that从句(表示希望)Ihopethatyou’llbebettersoonwishv希望wishtodosthIwishtovisitGuilin.wishsb.todosth希望某人做某事Iwishyoutogo.wish+that从句表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气IwishIwereyou.【解析2】workout解决;成功地发展，后跟fine,well,badly等词，表明产生的结果如何。计算出(答案、数量、价格等)Themathproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout制定出(计划等)workoutIhaveworkedoutanewwayofdoingit.解决;找出…的答案Thegovernmenthasmanyproblemstoworkout.13.MyproblemisIcan’tgetonwithmyfavorite.【解析】getonwithsb.和某人和睦相处;和某人关系良好=getalongwithgetonwell/badlywith相处的好/坏14.Whentheyargue,it’slikeabig,blackcloudhangingoverourhome.【解析1】argue争吵?argumentn争论haveanargumentwithsb.与某人辩论arguewithsb.aboutsth为某事与某人争吵【解析2】hangover挂在......之上;悬浮在......之上hangout闲逛;常去某处Helikesreadingandheoftenhangsoutinthebookshop.15.Also,myelderbrotherisnotverynicetome.【解析】elderadj.年纪较长的Hiselderbrotherisill.elder用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语older泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系，可以用作表语，是old的比较级形式。【解析2】benicetosb.对某人友好befriendlytosb.begoodtosb.16.HealwaysrefusestoletmewatchmyfavoriteTVshow.【解析】refuse=saynotov拒绝refusetodosth拒绝去做某事17.Insteadhewatcheswhateverhewantsuntillateatnight.【解析1】instead代替，反而，替第11页共11页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessie(1)instead副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。LeewasillsoIwentinstead.李病了，所以我去了。(2)insteadof+n/doing代替，而不是，放在句中insteadof为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。Shewrotetohiminsteadofcallinghim.=Shedidn’tcallhim.Shewrotetohiminstead.【解析2】whatever=nomatterwhat任何，每一18.Ifyourparentsarehavingproblems,youshouldoffertohelp.【解析】offertodosth主动提出做某事【拓展】offersb.sth=offersthtosb.主动提供给某人某物19.Secondly,whydon’tyousitdownandcommunicatewithyourbrother?【解析1】secondlyadv.第二;其次【解析2】communicatev交流communicationn交流;沟通communicatewithsb.和某人交流20.Youshouldexplainthatyoudon’tmindhimwatchingTVallthetime.【解析】explain解释;说明?explanationn解释;说明explainsthtosb.向某人解释某事。explaintosbsth给某人解释某事21.I’mworriedaboutmyschoolgrades.我很胆小我的学习成绩。【解析】beworriedaboutsth.担心某事【拓展】worryv担心?worriedadj.焦急的worryabout=beworriedabout为……担心22.Mycousinborrowsmythingswithoutreturningthem.【解析】return?v归还=givebackreturn...to...=givebackto...把......还给......?v回来;返回=comebackSectionB1.Myparentsgivemealotofpresureaboutschool.【解析】pressv按;压?pressure压力?(物理学)压力airpressure气压bloodpressure血压?还可指精神上、外界施加的压力=stressunderpressure在压力下2.Ihavetocompetewithmyclassmatesatschool.【解析】competev竞争;对抗?competitionn竞争competewithsb.和某人竞争competefor为……参加比赛3.Thesedays,Chinesechildrenaresometimesbusieronweekendsthanweekdays.【解析】sometime/sometime/sometimes/sometimes【口诀】:分开是一段，合起是某时;分开s是倍次，合起s是有时(1)sometime一段时间，做时间状语Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间(2)sometimeadv在某个时候，(3)sometimes名词词组，“几次，几倍‖Mr.GreenwenttoSanyasometimeslastsummer.(3)sometimes=attimes有时(一般现在时的标志词)4.Othersarepracticingsportssothattheycancompeteandwin.【解析】otherspron.―其他的人或事物‖Thereareotherwaysofdoingit.第12页共12页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessie5.TheTaylorsareatypicalAmericanfamily.【解析1】TheTaylors泰勒一家在姓氏的复数前加冠词the表示“全家人或夫妻两人”，使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。TheBlacksaregettingreadyfortheholiday.【解析】typical典型的betypicalof“是……的特点”6.MaybeIcouldcutoutafewoftheiractivities,butIbelievetheseactivitiesareimportantformychildren’sfuture.【解析】cutout删除;删去(v+adv)You’dbettercutoutthatsentence.cutup切碎cutdown砍到cutoff切断(水、电)供应7.Ireallywantthemtobesuccessful.我真的很想他们成功。【解析】successful成功的【拓展】succeedv成功，达到?successn成功?successfuladj成功的?successfullyadv成功地?succeedindoingsth8.It’stimeforhomework.该写作业了。【解析】It’stimeforsth.是到做某事的时候了。It’stimeforlunch.It’stimetodosth.It’stimetogotoschool.9.Insomefamilies,competitionstartsveryyoungandcontinuesuntilthekidsgetolder.【解析】continuedoingsth=goondoingsth继续做某事(前后做同一件事)sth继续做某事(前后不是同一件事)continuetodosth=goontodo?Let’scontinue____________(read)thetext.?Manystudentshopetocontinue________(study)after_______(finish)school.【拓展】continue,goon,last辨析?continuev.继续，持续，指进程在时间或空间上的延续，强调持续不断，有时也可以指短暂停止后继续进行。Hecontinuetheworkfortwodays.他连续两天都在做这项工作。?goon指无间歇或有间歇地继续，或以某种特定方式继续。goontodosth继续做某事，指开始做另外一件事;goondoingsth继续做原来所做的事情。?lastv.持续，延续，维持，指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续，说明某一动作要延续一段时间。Shewon’tlastlonginthatjob.那个工作她做不了多久。10.Motherssendtheirsmallkidstoallkindsofclasses.【解析1】send?sent?sentv发送【短语】sendsb.sth=sendsthtosb.送给某人某物类似的动词有:show(展示;给……看)give(给)lend(借出)offer(提供)return(归还)tell(告诉)【解析2】allkindsof各种各样的【拓展】kind(1)n种类kindof+adj.有点，有几分，kindofcold有点冷akindof一种的，某种的allkindsof各种各样的differentkindsof不同种类的Whatkindof…?那种(2)adj.友好的bekindtosb.=begoodtosb.=befriendlytosb.对第13页共13页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessie某人友好【辨析】kindof与kindsof:1kindof单独用，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词:?Heiskindofthin.‖他有点瘦‖Ifeelkindofhungry.‖我有点饿‖2若kindof前有a,this,that,what等，译为“种，种类”后加名词。?Thatkindofquestionisdifficulttoanswer.那类问题难回答。11.Kidsshouldhavetimetorelaxandthinkforthemselves,too.【解析】havetimetodosth有时间做某事12.Andtheyarealwayscomparingthemwithotherchildren.【解析】compareAwithB将A和B比较compare…to…把…..比做……13.Doctorssaytoomuchpressureisnotgoodforachild’sdevelopment.【解析】begoodfor对......有好处【拓展】good(better;best)adj.好的begoodfor对….有益处(反)bebadfor对…有害处begoodat+n/doing=dowellin+n/doing擅长于做某事begoodtosb.=bekindto=befriendlytosb.对某人友好【记】Theboyisgood______me.Heisgood______English.14.Dr.AliceGreensaysalltheseactivitiescancausealotofstressforchildren.【解析】causev.造成，使发生(1)causesb.todosth使某人做某事(2)causesth.forsb.给某人添麻烦15.Inmyopinion,itisimportantforchildren/parentsto...【解析】inone’sopinion以某人的观点;在某人看来16.Perhapschildren/parentsshould/could......或许孩子们/父母应该/可能.......【解析】perhaps也许;可能【拓展】perhaps，probably，possibly，maybe辨析?perhaps意为“也许，可能”，一般指比较小的可能性。PerhapsIwillseehimthedayaftertomorrow,butIamnotsure.?probably“很可能，大概”，其可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。Hewillprobablyrefusetheoffer.他很可能会拒绝这份提议。?possibly意为“可能，或许，也许”，可能性较大。I’llseeyoutoday,orpossiblytomorrow.我今天要见你，不过也可能是明天。?maybe“或许，大概”，主要用于非正式场合，常用在口语中，语气比perhaps轻。Maybeyouputtheletterinyourbasket.或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。17.It’scrazy.这是疯狂的。【解析】crazy.adj.不理智的;疯狂的(在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语)becrazyabout对……着迷;热衷于…I’mcrazyaboutfootball.18.DoesCathyTaylorthinkit’simportantforkidstojoinafter-schoolactivities?【解析】It’s+adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary)+(forsb.)todosth.【注】若形容词表示事物特征的，如:easy,difficult,hard,important等，须用介词forIt’s+adj(kind,honest,friendly,)+(ofsb)todosth.若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点，如:good,kind,nice,wrong等，用介词of。【形容人用of】第14页共14页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessie19.keeponhappening持续发生【解析】keepondoing继续做某keepsb.doingsth让某人一直做某事keepupwith跟上keepsb.fromdoingsth阻止某人做某事keepawayfrom避开单元语法一、情态动词should与could的用法should表示劝告、建议，意为“应该”，它和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，其否定形式为shouldn’t。Maybesheshouldsaysorrytoyou.could既是can的过去式，表示过去的能力，又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议，后接动词原形，其否定形式为couldn’t。Mygrandfathercoulddrivewellevenattheageofeighty.二、状语从句状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。1.until引导的时间状语从句until意为“直到;在........之前”。注意until和not.....until在用法上的区别。until:在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到„„时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到„„才„„”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Let’swaituntiltherainstops.Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomeDon’tgetoffuntilthebusstops.Continueinthisdirectionuntilyouseeasign.Ididn’twakeupuntilIheardthealarmclock.2.sothat引导的目的状语从句sothat是连词，意为“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从句。3.although引导的让步状语从句although的用法意思相当于though(尽管，虽然)，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and，so等连用，但可以和yet，still等词连用。?Althoughthebookwasold,wedecidedtobuyit.?Althoughhewastired,hewentonworking.Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?SectionA1.Whatwerepeopledoingyesterdayatthetimeoftherainstorm?【解析1】过去进行时(1)用法:过去某个时间正在发生的动作Hewascookingatsixlastnight.过去某段时间正在发生的动作IwasstayingherefromMarchtoMaylastyear.(2)与过去进行时连用的时间状语，常见的有:atninelastnight/atthattime=then/atthistimeyesterday/或有whentheteachercamein/whilehewasreading的提示(3)过去进行时的构成:was\were+现在分词第15页共15页June17,2017八年级下学期期末复习(2)Jessie?过去进行时的四个基本句型肯定句Hewascookingatsixlastnight.否定句Hewasnotcookingatsixlastnight.一般疑问句Washecookingatsixlastnight?Yes,hewas.No,hewasn’t.特殊疑问句Whatwashedoingatsixlastnight??过去进行时的固定句型Jimwasreadingwhentheteachercamein.当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。JimwasreadingwhileKatewaswatchingTV.JimcameinwhileKatewaswatchingTV.【解析2】atthetimeof在......的时候(常用于过去进行时)【解析3】rainstormn暴风雨raincoat雨衣raindrop雨滴2.Myalarmdidn’tgooffsoI___uplate.我的闹钟没有响，因此我____晚了。【解析1】alarmn闹钟analarmclock一个闹钟【解析2】gooff发出响声,(闹钟)闹响，离开【短语】goover复习goaway离开goby(时间)过去goforawalk出去散步gofishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳3.I____forthebuswhenitbegantorainheavily.【解析】heavilyadv在很大程度上heavyadj.沉重的Howheavyare