微观经济学（四川大学）智慧树知到期末考试答案章节答案2024年四川大学

微观经济学（四川大学）智慧树知到期末考试答案+章节答案2024年四川大学Incompetitivemarket,theshort-runmarketsupplecurveissteeperrelativetoafirm'ssupplycurve

答案:错Thelengthoftheshortrunisthesameforallfirms.

答案:错(First-pricesealed-bidauction)Aliceissellingher2000chevroletcavaliertoherfriends,BobandCharles.BobattachesavalueofS$8,000toAlice'soldcar,whileCharles'svalueofthecarisS$10,000.(ThesevaluationsarecommonknowledgebetweenBobandCharles.)Alicedesignsthefollowingauctiontosellhercar:First,sheaskseachofthemtowritehisbidonapieceofpaper.ThenBobandCharlesgivetheirbids(nonnegativeintegers)toAlice.NoticethatwhenBobandCharleswritedowntheirbids,theydon'tknoweachother'sbid(socalled"sealedbid").AfterAlicereceivesthesealedbids,thebidsareshowntoeveryone,andthecarwillbesoldtothepersonwhohasthehigherbidatthepriceequaltohisownbid.Whenthereisatie(BobandCharlesbidthesameamount),thenAlicewouldflipafaircointodecidewhowillgetthecar.InthisgameBobbids8500andCharlesbids8501isaNashequilibrium?

答案:对Perfectcompetitionandmonopolisticcompetitionaresimilarinthatbothmarketstructuresincludenobarrierstoentry.

答案:对whyalong-runmarketsupplycurvemightnotflatinperfectcompetition

答案:whenentryislimited.###wheninputpricesvarywithoutput###whenfirms'costfunctionsdifferInthelong-runequilibriuminperfectcompetition,

答案:producersurplusislessthanconsumersurplus###consumersurplusequalstosocialwelfareBecauseofmarketpower,wagesarehigherundermonopsonythanundercompetitiveconditions.

答案:错Afirm’sproducersurplusequalstoitsprofitifithasnofixedcost

答案:对Asthequantityproducedofagoodincreases,thesocialwelfaregeneratedbythatgoodincreases

答案:错Cobb-Douglasproductionfunctionscanneverpossessvaryingreturnstoscale.

答案:对Ifincreasingreturnstoscalearepresent,thelong-runaveragecostincreasesasmoreoutputisproduced.

答案:错Inthelongrun,amonopolisticcompetitor

答案:setsMR=MC###produceswhereP=AC###setsP>MCAmonopolyalwaysoperatesintheinelasticportionofitsdemandcurve

答案:错Choosethecorrectstatements.1.OpportunitycostofagoodistheincreaseinthequantityproducedofonegooddividedbythedecreaseinthequantityproducedofanothergoodaswemovealongthePPF.2.Theopportunitycostofanactionisthehighest-valuedalternativeforgone.3.Opportunitycostisaratio.4.Thereisnorelationshipbetweentheopportunitycostofproducinganadditionalgoodmeasuredonthex-axisandtheopportunitycostofproducinganadditionalgoodmeasuredonthey-axis.

答案:Statements2and3arecorrect.Economiccostsofaninputinclude

答案:bothimplicitandexplicitcosts.Theexpression"increaseinquantitysupplied"isillustratedgraphicallyasa

答案:movementupalongthesupplycurve.Iftwogoodsareperfectsubstitutes,thentheindifferencecurvesforthosetwogoodswouldbe

答案:downwardslopingandstraight.Opportunitycostofanactionis

答案:thehighest-valuedalternativeforgone.Ifafirmtakesthewageasgiven,thenthesupplycurveoflabortothatfirmis

答案:horizontal.Theproductionpossibilitiesfrontier

答案:istheboundarybetweenattainableandunattainablelevelsofproduction.Anisoquantrepresentslevelsofcapitalandlaborthat

答案:yieldthesamelevelofoutput.Sambuysgasolineandcoffeeeachweek.Todrawhisbudgetlineforgasolineandcoffee,Samneedstoknow

答案:howmuchincomehehastospendongasolineandcoffee,thepriceofalitreofgasoline,andthepriceofacupofcoffee.DatashowsthatUnitedStatescollegestudentspurchasemoree-booksthanGermancollegestudents.Assumingthatallstudentshaveidenticalpreferencesfore-booksandtextbooks,whatisthelikelyexplanationforthisresult?

答案:TaxesontextbooksarehigherintheUnitedStatesthantaxesontextbooksinGermany.

答案:TheuniqueBNEis(UM,LC)TheMarginalProductofLaboris

答案:thechangeintotalproductresultingfromanextraunitoflabor,holdingotherfactorsconstant.Whatismarginalutility?

答案:theadditionalsatisfactionreceivedfromconsumingonemoreunitofagoodIfbothpricesdecreasesby50%,

答案:budgetconstraintwillshiftoutwardinaparallelfashion.Aperfect-price-discriminatingmonopoly'smarginalrevenuecurve

答案:isthedemandcurve.Supposethateachworkermustuseonlyoneshoveltodigatrench,andshovelsareuselessbythemselves.Inthelongrun,thefirm'scostfunctionis

答案:TC=(w+r)∗q.

答案:(UL)Lettheproductionfunctionbeq=ALaKb.Thefunctionexhibitsconstantreturnstoscaleif

答案:a+b=1.Amarketequilibriumoccurs

答案:throughtheinteractionofself-interestedconsumersandproducers.ThepriceelasticityofsupplywhenthesupplycurveisQ=5is

答案:perfectlyinelastic.Inperfectcompetition,

答案:AllofaboveIfconsumersareidentical,then

答案:pricediscriminationcanoccurifeachconsumerhasadownward-slopingdemandcurvefortheproductAssumebaseballplayersalariesarefullydeterminedbeforetheseasonstarts.Fromthepointofviewofthebaseballteamowner,playersalariesduringthecourseoftheseasonarethen

答案:fixedcosts.Quotas,suchaslimitingtheamountofresidentialwateruseduringadrought,restrictsanindividual'spreferencesetand

答案:reducesutilitybecauseanindividualcannotconsumeasmuchastheywouldwithoutthequota.Returnstoscaleisaconceptthatoperates

答案:onlyinthelongrun.SupposeapatentisgrantedforaproductthathasthelineardemandcurveP=a-bQ.Theconstantmarginalcostofproducingthisproductis$50perunit,aunitsellsfor$150,andconsumerspurchase100unitsofthegoodatthatprice.Ifthemonopolyismaximizingprofit,thedeadweightlossis

答案:$5000.Supposeamonopolisticallycompetitiveindustryevolvedintoaperfectlycompetitiveindustry.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?

答案:Theindustrywouldproducemoreoutputandchargealowerpriceafterthechange.

答案:(MC)Themarginalrateoftransformationofyforxrepresents

答案:Alloftheabove.Utilityisthesetofnumericalvaluesthat

答案:reflectstherelativerankingofvariousbundlesofgoods.Ifafirmbuysitslaborinacompetitivemarket,thenashort-runincreaseinthepriceofthefirm'soutputwillcausethefirmto(

)

答案:hiremoreworkers.Theincreaseintotalrevenueduetoincreasingtheamountoflaboremployedbyoneunitiscalledthe(

)

答案:MarginalRevenueProduct.Inaperfectlycompetitiveresourcemarketthelaborsupplycurvefacingthesinglefirmis(

)

答案:horizontal.InaperfectlycompetitiveresourcemarkettheMarginalRevenueProductCurveis(

)

答案:downward-sloping.Ifacompetitivefirmfacesacompetitivelabormarket,itwillhirelaboruntil(

)

答案:w=MPL∗p.

答案:4

答案:4

答案:8

答案:4

答案:

答案:(M,R,r)(First-pricesealed-bidauction)Aliceissellingher2000chevroletcavaliertoherfriends,BobandCharles.BobattachesavalueofS$8,000toAlice'soldcar,whileCharles'svalueofthecarisS$10,000.(ThesevaluationsarecommonknowledgebetweenBobandCharles.)Alicedesignsthefollowingauctiontosellhercar:First,sheaskseachofthemtowritehisbidonapieceofpaper.ThenBobandCharlesgivetheirbids(nonnegativeintegers)toAlice.NoticethatwhenBobandCharleswritedowntheirbids,theydon'tknoweachother'sbid(socalled"sealedbid").AfterAlicereceivesthesealedbids,thebidsareshowntoeveryone,andthecarwillbesoldtothepersonwhohasthehigherbidatthepriceequaltohisownbid.Whenthereisatie(BobandCharlesbidthesameamount),thenAlicewouldflipafaircointodecidewhowillgetthecar.InthisgameBobbids8000andCharlesbids8000isaNashequilibrium.

答案:错(First-pricesealed-bidauction)Aliceissellingher2000chevroletcavaliertoherfriends,BobandCharles.BobattachesavalueofS$8,000toAlice'soldcar,whileCharles'svalueofthecarisS$10,000.(ThesevaluationsarecommonknowledgebetweenBobandCharles.)Alicedesignsthefollowingauctiontosellhercar:First,sheaskseachofthemtowritehisbidonapieceofpaper.ThenBobandCharlesgivetheirbids(nonnegativeintegers)toAlice.NoticethatwhenBobandCharleswritedowntheirbids,theydon'tknoweachother'sbid(socalled"sealedbid").AfterAlicereceivesthesealedbids,thebidsareshowntoeveryone,andthecarwillbesoldtothepersonwhohasthehigherbidatthepriceequaltohisownbid.Whenthereisatie(BobandCharlesbidthesameamount),thenAlicewouldflipafaircointodecidewhowillgetthecar.

Inthisgame,Bobhas8000strategiesandCharleshas10000strategies.

答案:错

答案:strategiesTandB(First-pricesealed-bidauction)Aliceissellingher2000chevroletcavaliertoherfriends,BobandCharles.BobattachesavalueofS$8,000toAlice'soldcar,whileCharles'svalueofthecarisS$10,000.(ThesevaluationsarecommonknowledgebetweenBobandCharles.)Alicedesignsthefollowingauctiontosellhercar:First,sheaskseachofthemtowritehisbidonapieceofpaper.ThenBobandCharlesgivetheirbids(nonnegativeintegers)toAlice.NoticethatwhenBobandCharleswritedowntheirbids,theydon'tknoweachother'sbid(socalled"sealedbid").AfterAlicereceivesthesealedbids,thebidsareshowntoeveryone,andthecarwillbesoldtothepersonwhohasthehigherbidatthepriceequaltohisownbid.Whenthereisatie(BobandCharlesbidthesameamount),thenAlicewouldflipafaircointodecidewhowillgetthecar.

InthisgameBobbids7999andCharlesbids8000isaNashequilibrium.

答案:对Ifthedemandcurveamonopolistfacesisperfectlyelastic,thentheratioofthefirm'spricetothemarginalcostis

答案:1Monopolisticallycompetitivefirms

答案:havemarketpowerbecausetheycansetpriceabovemarginalcost.AmonopolistfacestheinversedemandcurveP=60-Q.IthasvariablecostsofQ2sothatitsmarginalcostsare2Q,andithasfixedcostsof30.Atitsprofitmaximizingoutputlevel,themonopoly'saveragecostis

答案:17AmonopolistfacestheinversedemandcurveP=60-Q.IthasvariablecostsofQ^2sothatitsmarginalcostsare2Q,andithasfixedcostsof30.Themonopoly'smaximumprofitis

答案:420Thedeadweightlossgeneratedbyaperfect-price-discriminatingmonopoly

答案:equalszero.Assumeaconsumerhasahorizontaldemandcurveforaproduct.Hisconsumersurplusfrombuyingtheproduct

答案:equalszeromarketwherenosinglebuyerorsellercaninfluencethepriceis

答案:acompetitivemarketIftheinversedemandfunctionfortoastersisp=60-Q,whatistheconsumersurplusifpriceis30?

答案:450Ifacompetitivefirmmaximizesshort-runprofitsbyproducingsomequantityofoutput,whichofthefollowingmustbetrueatthatlevelofoutput?

答案:p≥AVCTheCanadianmetalchairmanufacturingmarkethasn=78firms.Theestimatedelasticityofsupplyisηo=3.1,andtheestimatedelasticityofdemandisε=-1.1.Assumingthatthefirmsareidentical,calculatetheelasticityofdemandfacingasinglefirm.

答案:-324.5SupposethetotalcostofproducingT-shirtscanberepresentedasTC=50+2q.Themarginalcostofthe5thT-shirtis

答案:2Ifaveragecostisdecreasing,

答案:marginalcostislessthanaveragecost.Aproductionfunctiontellsthefirm

答案:themaximumitcanexpecttoproducewithagivenmixofinputs.Variablecostsare

答案:aproductionexpensethatchangeswiththequantityofoutputproduced.Efficientproductionoccursifafirm

答案:Alloftheabove.Firmsmaximizeprofitwhen

答案:Alloftheabove.Inthelongrun,allfactorsofproductionare

答案:variable.Withrespecttoproduction,theshortrunisbestdefinedasatimeperiod

答案:inwhichatleastoneinputisfixed.Sandyderivesutilityfromconsuming"allothergoods,"g,andcleanair(measuredbyparticulatematterremovedperm3),a,asmeasuredbytheutilityfunctionU(g,a)=g0.6a0.4.Thepriceof"allothergoods"is$20andthepriceofcleanair(abatement)equals$10.Brianistheonlyotherconsumerinthemarketforcleanairanddemands10unitsofcleanair.Whatisthemarketdemandforcleanair?

答案:Totalmarketdemandis14unitsofcleanair.Theconsumerisinequilibriumwhen

答案:Alloftheabove.ByselectingabundlewhereMRS=MRT,