湖北省荆门市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题（含答案解析）

荆门市2023—2024学年度上学期期末高一年级学业水平检测英语本试卷共8页，全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。祝考试顺利注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofParkour?A.Exciting.B.Dangerous.C.Safe.2.Whatdoesthemantakepartin?A.Asportsclub.B.Someentertainmentevents.C.Astudentnewspaper.3.Whowillhaveabirthdaythisweekend?A.Jack.B.Jane.C.Ann.4.Whenwillthemoviestart?A.Intwentyminutes.B.Inhalfanhour.C.Infortyminutes.5.Wherearethetwospeakers?A.Intheirhome.B.Inashop.C.Ataparty.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Teacherandstudent.7.Whatdoesthemanconsiderthemostimportant?A.Doato-dolistforeachday.B.Followtheplaneveryday.C.Checkoffallthetaskseveryday.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Thewoman’sgrandson.B.Theirexperiencesinthepast.C.Theyoungpeoplenowadays.9.Whatdothetwospeakersthinkoftheyoungtoday?A.Theyworktoohard.B.Theywastetoomuchmoney.C.Theydon’trespectoldpeople.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?ATohelpchoosecourses.B.Toaskhimforsomeadvice.C.Tohelpthemanwithhisstudy.11.Whatisthewomannow?A.Ahighschoolstudent.B.Afreshmaninuniversity.C.Ajuniorinuniversity.12.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Learnmajorcourses.B.Lookforhelpfromteachers.C.Dothesamethingsashedid.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Bookatriptothezoo.B.Bookathree-daytrip.C.Bookatriptoseedolphins.14.Howlongisthetrip?A.Onedayandfourhours.B.Oneandahalfdays.C.Twodays.15.Howoftenarethetoursnow?A.Everyday.B.Onceaweek.C.Twiceaweek.16.Whattransportwillthemantakeinthetrip?A.Byminibus.B.Bybus.C.Bycoachandbyboat.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.What’stheweatherlikeinthemorningofMayandJuneinCostaRica?A.Cloudyandwarm.B.Dryandhot.C.Rainyandcold.18.WhatareadvantagesoftravellinginMayandJuneinCostaRica?A.Theweatherisbetter.B.Thepricesarelower.C.Therearemoreinterestingthings.19.WhendoesthedryseasonstartinCostaRica?A.InJanuary.B.InMay.C.InDecember.20.WhattimehastheperfectweatherinCostaRica?A.FromFebruarytoApril.B.FromMaytoJune.C.FromJulytoAugust.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThe2024“ChineseBridge”ChineseProficiencyCompetitionforForeignersacrosstheGlobe—CalligraphyandPaintingChallengehasbeenofficiallyannounced(宣布),whichwillstartonApril1,2024.Thiscompetitioninvitespainting,calligraphy,andChineselanguageloversfromallaroundtheworldtotakepartinthisexcitingevent.Herewearecallingonthosewhohaveinteresttoturnintheircreativetopicsforthecompetition,withthetopicselectionprocessbeingdecidedbythepublic.Ifyou’reinterested,feelfreetoturninthetopicthatyoubelievefitstherequirementsofthecompetition.Herearewhatyoushouldfollow:WhocantakepartThecallforcreativetopicsfortheCalligraphyandPaintingChallengeisopentoanyChineselanguageloversworldwide,withnolimitationsonageornationality.WhentoturninIfyou’dliketotakepart,you’dbetterhandinbetweenJan.15,2024andMar.30,2024(BeijingTime).AnnouncementdateTheselectedtopicfortheCalligraphyandPaintingChallengewillbeannouncedonMar.31,2024,whichalsomarkstheofficialstartforhandingincalligraphyandpaintingworksundertheselectedtopicnextday.MethodstohandinParticipants(参与者)cansendtheirtopicsandrelatedinformationtoChinesebridge@.“ChineseBridge”alsoacceptsdirectmessagesonitsofficialaccountonFacebook,Instagram,WeChat,andWeibo.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.Participantsmustbemorethan18yearsold.B.ThenationalityoftheparticipantsmustbeChinese.C.Participantscanturninthetopiconlineortotheoffice.DParticipantscanhandinwhatevertopicsuitableforthecompetition.2.Onwhichofthefollowingdatethetopicsaren’tallowedtoturnin?A.June20,2024. B.February12,2024.C.March25,2024. D.January28,2024.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tosetupacompetitionorganization.B.Toannouncetheopeningofacompetition.C.Tocollectcreativetopicsforacompetition.D.Toprovidesomeinformationaboutacompetition.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2024年“汉语桥”全球外国人汉语大会书画挑战赛的主题征集有关事宜。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ifyou’reinterested,feelfreetoturninthetopicthatyoubelievefitstherequirementsofthecompetition.(如果您感兴趣，请任意提交您认为符合竞赛要求的主题)”可知，参与者可以提交任何他们觉得合适的主题。故选D项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Ifyou’dliketotakepart,you’dbetterhandinbetweenJan.15,2024andMar.30,2024(BeijingTime).(如果你想参加，你最好在2024年1月15日至2024年3月30日(北京时间)之间提交)”可知，A项2024年6月20日不在时间范围内。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，根据第三段中“Herewearecallingonthosewhohaveinteresttoturnintheircreativetopicsforthecompetition,withthetopicselectionprocessbeingdecidedbythepublic.(在这里，我们呼吁那些有兴趣的人提交他们的创意主题参加比赛，主题选择过程由公众决定)”可知，本文目的是为“汉语桥”书画挑战赛收集有创意的题目。故选C项。B“IwascaptivatedbyweightliftingduringtheLondon2012OlympicGames,”saysFionaClements,asoftwaredeveloperworkinginLondon.“Ithinkit’spartlybecausetheeffortissoobvious—youcanseeeveryflashofdoubt,painandhappinessofsuccessontheathletes’faces.”Clementswas48atthetime.Shethoughtshe’dleftitfartoolatetoevenconsidertryingit,butthenshekeptthinkingaboutit.“IttookuntilSeptember2022,butIfinallywentforit.”Clementssignedupforabeginner’sclasswithSallyMoss,astrengthcoachwhoisanexpertinOlympiclifting,andloveditfromherfirstclass.Now58,Clementscanlift50kgandpush21kgoverhead.Shesaysshehasneverfeltstronger.Resistancetraining,tousethetermforanytypeofexercisewhereyou’reworkingagainstweight,whetherit’susingdumbbells(哑铃),exercisebandsorjustyourownbodyweight,isextremelybeneficial.“Ijustthoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibletomakeadifferencetomybodyasanolderwoman,”saysJoannaBlacker,asmallbusinessowner,whotookupstrengthtrainingat53.“I’dgainedweightandfeltawful.Icertainlydidn’tthinkthatweightliftingwouldbethewayIwouldchangemybody.”Blackercannowlift40kgfor10repetitionsandfeelsmorethanreadytodealwithtrainingalone.Clements,atthesametime,hasalreadysignedupwithherlocalgym,forthedaysshe’snottrainingwithMoss.“IcanfeelthesebandsofhardmusclewhenImovemyarmsandlegsthatI’mprettysureweren’ttherebefore,”shesays.“ButthebestpartisthatI’mactuallyabletounderstandthesportIlove.Itstillfeelslikemagicwhenthatbargoesoverhead.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“captivated”inParagraph1mean?A.Uninterested. B.Attracted. C.Upset. D.Satisfied.5.WhydidClementsfailtotryweightliftingin2012?A.Shewasfearfulofthepain. B.Shefoundithardtogetatopcoach.C.Shewasdoubtfulaboutitslastingeffects. D.Shethoughtshewastoooldtohaveago.6.WhatdidBlackerbenefitfromtakingupweightlifting?A.Sheincreasedherwillpower. B.Sheimprovedherbodyshape.C.Shefoundapart-timejobinthisfield. D.Shehadherbusydailylifechanged.7.WhatdoesClementssayaboutweightlifting?A.Shehasadeeperunderstandingofit. B.Shesuggestsstartingitatalocalgym.C.Sheenjoysmuscle-buildingmostofall. D.Shefindsitmoremagicthanhardwork.【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.A【解析】【导语】本文为记叙文。本文介绍了两个普通人对举重项目的尝试，以及举重给他们带来的影响和改变。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文“Ithinkit’spartlybecausetheeffortissoobvious—youcanseeeveryflashofdoubt,painandhappinessofsuccessontheathletes’faces.”（我认为这在一定程度上是因为努力是显而易见的——你可以从运动员脸上看到怀疑、痛苦和幸福在运动员脸上的显现）可知，作者被举重吸引了。故划线词的意思是“吸引”。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Clementswas48atthetime.Shethoughtshe’dleftitfartoolatetoevenconsidertryingit,butthenshekeptthinkingaboutit.“IttookuntilSeptember2022,butIfinallywentforit.”…”（Clements当时48岁。她认为自己已经太迟了，甚至没有考虑尝试，但后来她一直在想。她说，“直到2022年9月，但我最终还是选择它”。）可知，Clements在2012年没有尝试举重是因为她认为她年纪太大了，不能尝试。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段““Ijustthoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibletomakeadifferencetomybodyasanolderwoman,”saysJoannaBlacker,asmallbusinessowner,whotookupstrengthtrainingat53.“I’dgainedweightandfeltawful.Icertainlydidn’tthinkthatweightliftingwouldbethewayIwouldchangemybody.””（“我只是觉得，作为一名年长的女性，想要去改变身材是不可能的。”小企业主Blacker在53岁时开始了力量训练。“我曾经很胖，感觉很糟糕。我没想过举重会是改变我身材的方式”）可知，布莱克通过举重运动改善了自己的体型。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“ButthebestpartisthatI’mactuallyabletounderstandthesportIlove.Itstillfeelslikemagicwhenthatbargoesoverhead.”（但最棒的是，我实际上能够理解我热爱的运动。当杠铃举过头顶时，这感觉仍然像魔术一样）可知，Clements对举重有更深的理解。故选A。CAteamofscientistsisstudyingthesoundoftheforestinEcuadortolearnhowartificialintelligence(AI)couldfollowanimallifeinrecoveringenvironments.Whenscientistswanttomeasurenewforestgrowth,theycanstudylargeareasoflandwithtoolslikesatellites.Butunderstandinghowfastandinwhatnumberwildlifeisreturningtoanareaismoredifficult.Sometimesitrequiresanexperttolistenthroughsoundrecordingsandpickoutanimalcalls.JorgMuller,anexpertonbirds,wonderediftherewasadifferentway.So,heturnedtobioacoustics(生物声学),whichusessoundtolearnmoreaboutanimallifeandtheirlivingenvironments.MullerandhisteamrecordedwildlifesoundsinEcuador.Theyfirsthadexpertslistentotherecordingsandlistthesoundsofdifferentanimals.Then,theyexaminedthesoundqualitytomeasuretheenvironment.Finally,theyrantwoweeksofrecordingsthroughanAIcomputerprogramtrainedtounderstand75differentbirdcalls.Theprogramwasabletopickoutthecallsonwhichitwastrained.However,scientistswonderediftheprogramcouldcorrectlyidentifythenumberofdifferentkindsofplantsandanimalsineachenvironment.Toseeiftheprogramcoulddothat,theteamusedtwodifferentcontrols.Onewasfromtheexpertswholistenedtotherecordings,andthesecondwasbasedonexamplesfromeachenvironment,whichcanbeusedtounderstandbiodiversity(生物多样性).Sincethenumberofsoundsthatarefoundtobeusedtotrainislimited,theAIprogramcouldonlyidentifyone-fourthofthebirdcallsexpertscould.Butitwasstillabletocorrectlymeasurebiodiversitylevelsineachenvironment,thestudysaid.ItalsosaidtheresultsshowtheAIprogramisapowerfultooltomeasuretherecoveryofanimalsocietiesinsomeforests.Thestudyshowedthatbiodiversityfoundfromrecordingscanbemeasuredinacost-effectiveandcompletewayandmeasureenvironments.Therearestillareasforimprovement,includingthelackofanimalsoundsonwhichtotrainAImodels.Andthemethodcanonlycatchanimalsthatusesoundtocommunicate.8.Whatdoesthestudyfocuson?A.Studyingplantgrowth. B.Observingbirds’behavior.C.UnderstandingAI’seffectonwildlife. D.Measuringwildliferecovery.9.WhatmethoddidtheteamusetolearnwildlifesoundsinEduador?A.Bioacoustics. B.Satelliterecording.C.SoundrecordingbyAI. D.Directobservationbyexperts.10.WhatdidtheAIprogramprovetobeusefulfor?A.Identifyingplantspecies. B.Trackingweatherchange.C.Measuringbiodiversitylevels. D.Identifyingallthebirdcalls.11.Whatdidthestudysuggestforimprovements?A.Measuringmorebirdenvironments.B.Catchinganimalsthatusesoundtocommunicate.C.Trainingtheprogramonawidervarietyofsounds.D.Havingexpertsstudymoreandunderstandbirdcalls.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家研究厄瓜多尔森林的声音以了解人工智能AI如何能够跟踪环境恢复中的动物生活。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“AteamofscientistsisstudyingthesoundoftheforestinEcuadortolearnhowartificialintelligence(AI)couldfollowanimallifeinrecoveringenvironments.(一组科学家正在研究厄瓜多尔森林的声音，以了解人工智能(AI)如何在恢复环境中跟踪动物生活)”可知，这项研究的重点是衡量野生动物的恢复情况。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“So,heturnedtobioacoustics(生物声学),whichusessoundtolearnmoreaboutanimallifeandtheirlivingenvironments.(因此，他转向了生物声学，利用声音来了解更多关于动物生活和它们生活环境的知识)”可知，这个团队用生物声学来了解厄瓜多尔野生动物的声音。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Butitwasstillabletocorrectlymeasurebiodiversitylevelsineachenvironment,thestudysaid.(但该研究称，它仍然能够正确地测量每种环境中的生物多样性水平)”可知，人工智能程序被证明是用来测量生物多样性水平的。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Therearestillareasforimprovement,includingthelackofanimalsoundsonwhichtotrainAImodels.Andthemethodcanonlycatchanimalsthatusesoundtocommunicate.(仍有需要改进的地方，包括缺乏用于训练人工智能模型的动物声音。并且这种方法只能捕捉到使用声音进行交流的动物)”可知，该研究建议训练这种程序学习更多种类的声音。故选C项。DIsthereafriendofyourswhoalwayssingsoutoftune(曲调)butneverrealizesit?Don’tbesohardonthem—theymayhaveamusia—theinabilitytotellthedifferenceintunes.Apartfromsingingoutoftune,peoplewithamusiamayalsofindithardtorecognizemusicthey’veheardbeforewithoutthehelpofsonglyrics.Besides,peoplewhosufferfromAmusiacanhavedifficultyinrecognizingmelodiesandatotalinabilitytotellbetweendifferentmusicalsounds,accordingtoLiveScience.However,peoplewithamusiacanrecognizecommonenvironmentalsoundsaswellasthehighandlowssoundsinhumanvoices,meaningthatthisinabilitycanbespeciallyrelatedtomusic.Inmanycases,peoplewhohaveamusiaarebornwithit,as46percentoftheseindividuals’familymemberswerefoundtohavesimilarconditions,accordingtoa2017study.Brainimagingshowsthattheirbrainsreceiveandrespondtomusicpitch(音高)information,butitisnotreachingconsciousawareness,meaningthatthemindcan’tunderstandtheinformation.ScientistsattheUniversityofOtagoinNewZealandalsothinkthatamusiaisrelatedtopeople’sspecialprocessingskills.Theyinvitedpeoplewithamusia,musiciansandstudentsfromnon-musicalbackgroundstoperformataskrelatedtospacialimagination.Theywereaskedtodecidewhetherpairsofimagesarethesameobjectmovingaroundormirrorimages.Theresultshowedthattheamusiagroupmademoremistakesthantheothertwogroups.Amusiamightberelatedtothewaybrainstoresinformationaboutthehighandlowsoundsinsongs,accordingtothestudy.Althoughthosewhoaren’tconfidentabouttheirsingingskillsoftensaythey’re“tune-deaf”,peoplewithamusiaonlymakeupabout1.5percentofthepopulation,asshowninthe2017study.“Likedyslexics(诵读困难者)canlearnhowtoread,thosewithamusiashouldbeabletobettertheirabilitytorecognizetunesiftheystartearlyenough,”IsabellePeretz,aprofessorofpsychologyfromtheUniversityofMontrealinCanada,toldLiveScience.12.Accordingtothearticle,whatisthemaindifficultyfacedbypeoplewithamusia?A.Recognizingtunes. B.Identifyinghumanvoices.C.Understandingsonglyrics. D.Noticingcommonsoundsinnature.13.Whatdidthe2017studytellusaboutamusia?A.Amusiaiscommonamongchildren.B.Amusiaisaresultofbraindamage.C.Manyindividualswithamusiaarebornwithit.D.Thosewhoaretune-deafoftensufferfromamusia.14.WhatdidthestudybyscientistsattheUniversityofOtagoshow?A.Peoplewithamusiahavestrongspacialimaginationskills.B.Peoplewithamusiastruggletodecidetheshapeofimages.C.Amusiamaybeaffectedbyone’slevelofmusiceducation.D.Amusiamayberelatedtohowthebrainstoressoundinformation.15.Howcanpeoplewithamusiaimprovetheirmusicalability,accordingtoPeretz?A.Goformedicaltreatment. B.Singfrequentlywithfriends.C.Learnhowtoreadearlierinlife. D.Starttoexploreandlearnmusicearly.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了患有失音症的人的症状，病因及其应对方式。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Don’tbesohardonthem—theymayhaveamusia—theinabilitytotellthedifferenceintunes.(不要对他们太苛刻——他们可能有失音症——无法分辨不同的曲调。)”及第二段中“Apartfromsingingoutoftune,peoplewithamusiamayalsofindithardtorecognizemusicthey’veheardbeforewithoutthehelpofsonglyrics.(除了唱歌走调之外，失音症患者可能还会发现，如果没有歌词的帮助，他们很难识别以前听过的音乐。)”等内容可知，失音症患者面临的主要困难是识别曲调。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inmanycases,peoplewhohaveamusiaarebornwithit,as46percentoftheseindividuals’familymemberswerefoundtohavesimilarconditions,accordingtoa2017study.(根据2017年的一项研究，在许多情况下，患有失音症的人天生就患有这种疾病，因为这些人的家庭成员中有46%被发现患有类似的疾病。)”可知，2017年的研究告诉了我们许多患有失音症的人是天生的。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“ScientistsattheUniversityofOtagoinNewZealandalsothinkthatamusiaisrelatedtopeople’sspecialprocessingskills.(新西兰奥塔哥大学的科学家们也认为，失音症与人们的特殊处理能力有关。)”和第五段“Amusiamightberelatedtothewaybrainstoresinformationaboutthehighandlowsoundsinsongs,accordingtothestudy.(根据这项研究，失音症可能与大脑储存歌曲中高低音信息的方式有关。)”可知，奥塔哥大学的科学家们的研究表明失音症可能与大脑储存声音信息的方式有关。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中IsabellePeretz所说“Likedyslexics(诵读困难者)canlearnhowtoread,thosewithamusiashouldbeabletobettertheirabilitytorecognizestunesiftheystartearlyenough.(就像诵读困难症患者可以学习如何阅读一样，失音症患者如果开始得足够早，应该能够提高他们识别曲调的能力。)”可知，Peretz认为，失音症患者应该尽早开始探索和学习音乐以提高他们的音乐能力。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wheneverweareplanningtobuysomethingonline,mostofusprefertolookatthereviewsfirst.Weimaginethattheyhavebeenleftbyshopperslikeuswhowanttosharetheirknowledgewithothers,sothereviewswouldbeofgreatvaluetous.____16____Someofthemarewritingpositivereviewsinreturnforapaymentorgiftsfromthemaker.Howdoweknowthis?Acarefulstudyofthousandsofreviewsonapopularshoppingwebsiteshowedthatasurprisinglylargenumberofreviewersgaveeitherfour-orfive-starratingstotheproduct.Two-orthree-starratingsbothaccountedforlessthantenpercentofthetotal,whichlookedsuspicious(可疑的).____17____Noteverythingbeingsoldontheshoppingwebsitecouldbefirstclass!Weallknowthatsomefalseinformationisprovided.Someproductsthatyoubuyonshoppingwebsitecanbeterrible.Youwouldexpectthereforetoseeavarietyofscores.____18____Itseemsthatanyonewhowritesalargenumberofgoodreviewsisgivenaspecialtreatbytheshoppingwebsite.____19____Howshouldashopperreplytoallthese“wonderful”reviews?ThebestthingtodoistohaveaccesstoawebsiterunbysomeorganizationssuchasWhichintheUK.TheWhichproductevaluationisbasedonstricttestscarriedoutbyexpertsandthenonreviewsbytrustedshopperswhoareWhichmembers.Theyarenotallowedtotakefreegiftsfrommakers.____20____So,agoodandresponsibleorganizationseemstobethebestanswer.A.Sowhyaremostreviewspositive?B.Reviewsdifferfrompersontoperson.C.However,notallreviewersarelikethis.D.Sohowcanwetelltruereviewsfromfalseones?EThese“top”reviewersarethengivenfreeproducts.F.Shoppersneedprotectionfrommisleadingreviews.G.Ifthosereviewsweretrue,abroaderspreadofratingswouldbegiven.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.E20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章分析了购物者受购物网站评论误导的问题。【16题详解】上文“Weimaginethattheyhavebeenleftbyshopperslikeuswhowanttosharetheirknowledgewithothers,sothereviewswouldbeofgreatvaluetous.(我们认为这些评论是由像我们一样想要与他人分享自己的知识的购物者留下的，所以这些评论对我们来说非常有价值)”和下文“Someofthemarewritingpositivereviewsinreturnforapaymentorgiftsfromthemaker.(他们中的一些人写积极的评论，以换取制造商的付款或礼物)”之间存在转折关系，购物者希望通过他人的评论选择商品，但是有些人是为了得到好处写的好评，选项C“然而，并不是所有的评论者都是这样的”承上启下，说明评论并不真实。故选C项。【17题详解】上文“Acarefulstudyofthousandsofreviewsonapopularshoppingwebsiteshowedthatasurprisinglylargenumberofreviewersgaveeitherfour-orfive-starratingstotheproduct.Two-orthree-starratingsbothaccountedforlessthantenpercentofthetotal,whichlookedsuspicious(可疑的).(一项对某知名购物网站上数千条评论的仔细研究表明，相当多的评论者给了该产品4或5星的评价。2星和3星的评分都不到10%，这让人觉得很可疑)”说明评论太好了，令人怀疑，选项G“如果这些评论是真实的，那么将会给出更广泛的评级”承接上文，说明，如果这些评论是真的，那就不应该集中在好评上。故选G项。【18题详解】上文“Youwouldexpectthereforetoseeavarietyofscores.(因此，你会期望看到各种各样的分数)”说明购物者希望看到已经购买的人的评价，下文“Itseemsthatanyonewhowritesalargenumberofgoodreviewsisgivenaspecialtreatbytheshoppingwebsite.(似乎任何写了大量好评的人都会得到购物网站的特殊待遇)”说明了写正面评论的人都会得到购物网站给的好处，选项A“那么，为什么大多数评论都是正面的呢？”承上启下，提出为什么大多数评论都是正面的问题。故选A项。【19题详解】上文“Itseemsthatanyonewhowritesalargenumberofgoodreviewsisgivenaspecialtreatbytheshoppingwebsite.(似乎任何写了大量好评的人都会得到购物网站的特殊待遇)”说明了写正面评论的人都会得到购物网站的特殊待遇，选项E“这些‘顶级’评论者会得到免费的产品”承接上文，具体说明他们得到什么样的好处。故选E项。【20题详解】下文“So,agoodandresponsibleorganizationseemstobethebestanswer.(所以，一个好的负责任的组织似乎是最好的答案)”说明要解决购物者受评论误导这个问题，保护购物者利益，应该有一个好的负责任的组织，选项F“购物者需要保护，以免受到误导性评论的伤害”和下文存在因果关系。故选F项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。BillSamuelwashavingatoughFriday.The71-year-old,whowasstrugglingwithkidney(肾)failure,foundhimselfatamedicalcenter30milesfromhomeforthesecondtimein24hours.Samuelwasonthetransplant(移植)list,butno____21____hadbeenfoundyet.Withouta____22____busserviceforhistrip,Samueltookataxitoandfromhis____23____tomeethisdoctor.TaxidriverTimothyLettstookSamuelashis____24____eventhoughthetripwasoutofhisway,feelingSamuelmightneed____25____.Duringthe40-minutedrive,Samuelsharedhispositiveenergyandthestrugglesofhis____26____,sayinghewassearchingforakidneydonor.AstheynearedSamuel’shome,Letts____27____himbyexpressinginterestinbeingakidneydonor.Shockedbutexcited,Samuel____28____contactinformationwithLetts.Aftertheinitialexcitement,Samuelstartedfeelingabitless____29____.HewastouchedbyLett’s_____30_____,thoughhewonderedifithasjustbeena(n)_____31_____moment.ButLettswastruetohis_____32_____.HegotintouchwithSamueljustafewhourslater,andbythenextweek,Lettshad_____33_____thekidneytransplantprogram.Afteramonths-longscreeningprocess,theresultswerein:LettsandSamuelwerea_____34_____match.OnDec7,2021,theyhadtheiroperations.Itwasa_____35_____.LettsandSamuelstillkeepintouchtothisday.21.A.patients B.matches C.doctors D.families22.A.cheap B.effective C.convenient D.voluntary23.A.arrangement B.operation C.recovery D.hospital24.A.partner B.friend C.passenger D.neighbour25.A.attention B.guide C.delivery D.aid26.A.needs B.treatments C.adventures D.distance27.A.confused B.inspired C.annoyed D.surprised28.A.kept B.offered C.exchanged D.collected29.A.anxious B.optimistic C.frightened D.curious30.A.offer B.suggestion C.contribution D.request31.A.heartfelt B.awkward C.unforgettable D.emotional32.A.word B.name C.action D.saying33.A.organized B.conducted C.contacted D.accepted34.A.unique B.perfect C.strong D.weak35.A.success B.challenge C.failure D.test【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.C25.D26.B27.D28.C29.B30.A31.D32.A33.C34.B35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了71的BillSumiel因为肾衰竭需要肾移植，但是找不到合适的肾源。有一天BillSumiel打了一辆出租车回家，他在车上和出租车司机Letts闲聊时告诉了司机他的困境。出租车司机说他可以去做配型。在配型后，Letts的肾适合移植给Sumiel。事后，Sumiel对Letts表示了谢意。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于没有便利的公共汽车服务，塞缪尔乘出租车往返于与医生安排的见面。A.patients病人；B.matches相配的人或物；C.doctors医生；D.families家庭。根据上文“Samuelwasonthetransplant(移植)list,but”以及下文莱茨和塞缪尔肾的完美匹配可知，此处是指还没有找到匹配的器官。故选B项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于没有便利的公共汽车服务，塞缪尔乘出租车往返于与医生安排的见面。A.cheap便宜的；B.effective有效的；C.convenient方便的；D.voluntary自愿的。根据下文“Samueltookataxi”可知，没有方便的公共汽车。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于没有便利的公共汽车服务，塞缪尔乘出租车往返于与医生安排的见面。A.arrangement安排；B.operation手术；C.recovery恢复；D.hospital医院。根据下文“meethisdoctor.”可知，塞缪尔乘出租车往返于与医生安排的见面。故选A项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：出租车司机蒂莫西·莱茨觉得塞缪尔可能需要帮助，尽管这趟旅行不在他的行程中，但他还是让塞缪尔当了乘客。A.partner搭档；B.friend朋友；C.passenger乘客；D.neighbour邻居。根据“ TaxidriverTimothyLetts”可知，塞缪尔是乘客。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：出租车司机蒂莫西·莱茨觉得塞缪尔可能需要帮助，尽管这趟旅行不在他的行程中，但他还是让塞缪尔当了乘客。A.attention注意力；B.guide导游；C.delivery递送；D.aid帮助。根据上文“eventhoughthetripwasoutofhisway”可知，出租车司机蒂莫西·莱茨觉得塞缪尔可能需要帮助，所以让塞缪尔搭乘。故选D项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在40分钟的车程中，塞缪尔分享了他的正能量和治疗过程中的挣扎，他说他正在寻找肾脏捐赠者。A.needs需要；B.treatments对待，治疗；C.adventures冒险；D.distance距离。根据上文“The71-year-old,whowasstrugglingwithkidney(肾)failure,foundhimselfatamedicalcenter”可知，塞缪尔分享了他的正能量和治疗过程中的挣扎。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们接近塞缪尔的家时，莱茨表示有兴趣成为一名肾脏捐赠者，这让塞缪尔感到惊讶。A.confused时困惑的；B.inspired鼓舞人心；C.annoyed使恼怒的；D.surprised使惊讶。根据下文“byexpressinginterestinbeingakidneydonor.”以及“Shocked”可知，塞缪尔很惊讶。故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：塞缪尔既震惊又兴奋，他和莱茨交换了联系方式。A.kept保持；B.offered提供；C.exchanged交换；D.collected收集。根据下文“gotintouchwith”可知，他和莱茨交换了联系方式。故选C项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最初的兴奋之后，塞缪尔开始感到不那么乐观了。A.anxious焦虑的；B.optimistic乐观的；C.frightened害怕的；D.curious好奇的。根据上文“Aftertheinitialexcitement”可知，在最初的兴奋之后，塞缪尔开始感到不那么乐观了。故选B项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被莱茨的提议感动了，尽管他想知道这是否只是一个激动人心的时刻。A.offer提议；B.suggestion建议；C.contribution贡献；D.request请求。根据上文“byexpressinginterestinbeingakidneydonor.”可知，这是莱茨的一个提议。故选A项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他被莱茨的提议感动了，尽管他想知道这是否只是一个激动人心的时刻。A.heartfelt由衷的；B.awkward尴尬的；C.unforgettable难忘的；D.emotional激动人心的。根据上文“excited”可知，他想知道这是否只是一个激动人心的时刻。故选D项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是莱茨是信守诺言的。A.word单词，诺言；B.name名字；C.action行动；D.saying谚语。根据下文“HegotintouchwithSamueljustafewhourslater”可知，莱茨信守了诺言。故选A项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个小时后，他联系了塞缪尔，到下个星期，莱茨联系了肾脏移植项目。A.organized组织；B.conducted实施；C.contacted联系；D.accepted接受。根据上文“gotintouchwith”可知，下个星期，莱茨联系了肾脏移植项目。故选C项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的筛选，结果出来了：莱茨和塞缪尔是完美匹配。A.unique独一无二的；B.perfect完美的；C.strong强壮的；D.weak弱的。根据下文“OnDec7,2021,theyhadtheiroperations”可知，他们完美匹配。故选B项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一次成功的事情。A.success成功的事；B.challenge挑战；C.failure失败的人或事；D.test测试。根据上文“LettsandSamuelwerea____14____match.”和下文“ LettsandSamuelstillkeepintouchtothisday.”可知，移植手术成功了，即这是一次成功的事情。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Haveyouevereatena“painting”?Hereitis,the____36____(tradition)Chinesefolkart—sugarpainting.Spoonaspen,liquidsugarasink,everythingintheworldcanbedrawnquickly.Asissaid,ChenZi’ang,agreatpoetintheseventhcentury(TangDynasty),likedtoeatbrownsugar.Butheateitin____37____uniqueway.Hemelted