高中英语外研必修五学案第一单元 British and American EnglishPeriod One　Introduction Reading and Speaking

ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguageinAmericacanbedividedintothreeperiods：ThefirstperiodextendsfromthesettlementofJamestownin1607totheendofcolonialexpansionar，，sincetheCivilWar，ismarkedbyanimportantchangeinthesourcefromwhichtheEuropeanimmigrantscame.TheycamefromnorthernandsouthernEuropeinlargenumbers.Astimewenton，，thatis，ElizabethanEnglish，thelanguageusedbyShakespeare，MiltonandBanyan.FollowingAmericanindependence，famouspersonslikeThomasJefferson，JohnAdams，andWebsterbegantoconsiderthatthecountryshouldhavealanguageofitsown.EnglishinAmericahasdevelopedacharacterofitsown，reflectingthelifeandthephysicalandsocialenvironmentoftheAmericanpeople.eq\x(Notes)1.colonialadj.殖民的2.expansionn.扩张3.immigrantn.移民eq\x(Task)1.Whatisthemainideaofthewholepassage？(nomorethan8words)ThedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.2.Translatetheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage.随着美国的独立，一些著名人物如托马斯·杰斐逊、约翰·亚当斯以及韦伯斯特等开始思索，他们认为美国应该有自己的语言。PeriodOneIntroduction&ReadingandSpeakingⅠ.单词检测1.linguistn.语言学家2.accentn.口音3.obviousadj.显然的，显而易见的obviouslyadv.明显地，显而易见地4.queuevi.(英)排队(等候)5.confusingadj.令人困惑的；难懂的6.comparevt.比较，对比7.differvi.不同，有区别differentadj.不同的，有差异的differencen.不同，差异8.remarkn.评论；讲话remarkvi.评论；谈论9.variationn.变化varyvi.变化varietyn.种类10.flickn.&v.轻打；轻弹；抖动Ⅱ.短语检测1.have...incommon有相同的特点2.makeadifference有影响，使不相同3.getaround四处走动(旅行)4.besimilarto与……相似5.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难6.leadto引起；导致Ⅰ.阅读课文，匹配各段落大意Paras1～2(B)A.Someexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.UsersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother—wherevertheyare.Para3(D)B.Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.Buttherearesomewordsandexpressionsnotsowellknown.Para4(C)C.BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentinspellingandpronunciation.Paras5～7(A)D.Thereareafewdifferencesingra­mmar.Ⅱ.课文正(T)误(F)判断1.There’realotofdifferencesingrammarbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.(F)2.Vocabularyisthefirstandmostobviousdifferencebetweenthetwo.(T)3.Britishpeoplesay“writeme”and“ontheteam”.(F)4.There’snotmuchvariationinlanguagewithinthecountry.(F)5.TelevisionandInternethavemadeiteasierfortheBritishandAmericanstounderstandeachother.(T)6.InthefuturetherewillbeonlyonekindofEnglish.(F)Ⅲ.课文阅读理解1.FromthetextweknowthattherearedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.A.two B.threeC.four D.five答案C2.What’sthefirstandmostobviousdifferencebetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish?A.Grammar. B.Spelling.C.Words. D.Vocabulary.答案D3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.PeoplefromBritainspeakthesamelanguageaspeoplefromtheUSA.B.TheBritishsay“queueup”butintheUSAwesay“standinline”.C.TherearenodifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishvarietiesofEnglish.D.Thethirdparagraphtalksaboutspelling.答案B4.Accordingtothetext，theBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTin.A.vocabulary B.spellingC.accent D.origin答案D5.Fromthefifthparagraph，wecaninferthat.A.inthefuture，therewillbeonlythreemain“Englishes”B.inthefuture，therewillbemany“Englishes”C.inthefuture，usersofEnglishwillnotbeabletounderstandeachotherD.withsatelliteTVandtheInternet，ithasbeenimpossibletolistentoBritishandAmericanEnglisheasily答案BⅣ.课文阅读填空IntroductionAmericanEnglishis1.differentfromBritishEnglish.Supportingdetails2.vocabularySometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning，whichcanbe3.confusing.4.spellingAnunciationManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciation.6.accentAmericanEnglishismost7.similartoBritishEnglish.8.Varietiesaremovingcloser.Withthedevelopmentof9.satelliteTVandtheInternet，ithasledtomanyAmericanwordsandstructures10.passingintoBritishEnglish.Ⅴ.难句分析1.TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem(I’llseeyouMonday；Writemesoon！).句式分析whereAmericanssometimesomitthem是where引导的地点状语从句，where在从句中充当地点状语。自主翻译英国人用介词的地方美国人有时会省略(周一见，尽快给我写信！)。2.ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish，sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.句式分析句中lotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish为动名词的复合结构，leadto中to为介词；sothat引导结果状语从句。自主翻译但是这也致使许多美语单词和结构传入英式英语，以至于现在有些人相信英式英语将要消失。1.confusing[语境感悟](1)(教材P2)Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning，whichcanbeconfusing.有时，同一个单词在意义上有细微的差别，这可能令人困惑。(2)Theconfusingdirectionsonthebottlemademenottakethemedicine.药瓶上令人费解的使用说明书使我没有吃药。(3)Theconfusingpersonconfusedthedriver.这个令人困惑的人把司机弄糊涂了。[归纳拓展]1confusingadj.令人困惑的；难懂的2confusevt.使迷惑；使难以理解confuseAwith/andB把A和B相混淆3confusedadj.感到迷惑的；感到难懂的beconfusedbysth.被……搞糊涂了4confusionn.困惑；混乱；混淆inconfusion困惑地；困窘地[即时跟踪](1)用confuse的正确形式填空Theyconfusedmebyaskingsomanyconfusingconfused,standingthereinconfusion,notknowingwhattodo.(2)单句改错Theconfusingexpressiononherfaceshowedthatshehadn’tquiteunderstoodhermanager’sidea.confusing→pare[语境感悟](1)(教材P2)...compareontheteam，ontheweekend(American)withintheteam，attheweekend(British).……比较一下ontheteam，ontheweekend(美式)和intheteam，attheweekend(英式)。(2)Don’tcompareyourstrengthswithothers’weaknesses，whichisuseless.不要拿你的强项和别人的弱点相比，那是没意义的。(3)Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastageinhisworks.莎士比亚在他的作品中把这个世界比作舞台。[归纳拓展]1comparevt.比较，对照；比作compare...with...和……比较compare...to...把……比作……comparedto/with和……相比通常作状语2comparisonn.比较incomparisonwith与……相比[即时跟踪]单句语法填空(1)Compare(compare)thiscarwiththatone，andyouwillfinddifferences.(2)Comparing(compare)thiscarwiththatone，youwillfinddifferences.(3)Compared(compare)to/withthatone，thiscarisbetterinquality.(4)Thesewomennursescanbecomparedtoangelsinwhite.(5)Thedriver’sinjurieswerenotseriousincomparisonwiththepassengers.3.differ[语境感悟](1)(教材P2)Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.在两种英语中另外两个领域的区别是拼写和发音。(2)ChinesediffersgreatlyfromEnglishinpronunciation.汉语的发音与英语大不相同。(3)Thehusbandandwifedifferwidelyintheirinterests.这对夫妻之间的爱好大相径庭。[归纳拓展]1differvi.不同，有区别；意见分歧或相左differfrom与……不同differin在……方面不同2bedifferentfrom与……不同bedifferentin在……方面不同3tellthedifferencebetweenAandB区别A和B的不同[即时跟踪](1)在这方面法语不同于英语。FrenchdiffersfromEnglishinthisrespect.(2)使我们吃惊的是，他们在生活方式上如此不同。Tooursurprise，theyaresodifferentfromeachotherinlifestyle.(3)你能分清楚药片和M&M巧克力豆之间的区别吗？CanyoutellthedifferencebetweenapillandanM&M?4.remark[语境感悟](1)(教材P2)WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage，hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳讲那句名言“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个国家”的时候，他显然想到了它们之间的差别。(2)Alocalnewspaperremarkedthatcrimewasonthedecrease.一家地方报社评论说犯罪案件在减少。(3)Idon’tthinkhisremarksarerelevanttoourdiscussion.我认为他的话不切我们的议题。(4)ProfessorSmithremarkedonthedifferencebetweenthetwodictionaries.史密斯教授谈到了这两本词典的不同之处。[归纳拓展]1remarkn.[C]评论；讲话；谈论；vt.谈到；评论；叙述，说；vi.叙述；评论makearemarkon/about...对……发表评论remarkon/uponsb./sth.对某人/某事发表评论remarkthat...谈论到……2remarkableadj.非凡的；引人注目的[即时跟踪]单句语法填空(1)Itwouldberudetoremarkon/uponherappearance.(2)TheteacherremarkedthatIhadmaderemarkableprogress.(remark)1.have...incommon[语境感悟](1)(教材P1)WehavereallyeverythingincommonwithAmericanowadays，exceptofcourse，language.现如今我们真的与美国在每一件事情上都有共同之处，当然语言除外。(2)Don’tbhavenothingincommon.别烦我！我们没有什么共同之处。[归纳拓展]have...incommon在……方面有相同之处havealot/much/agreatdealincommonwith...与……有很多共同之处havenothing/littleincommonwith...与……没有/很少有共同之处incommonwithsb./sth.与某人/某物一样[即时跟踪](1)我们发现彼此有很多共同点，很合得来。Wefoundthatwehadalot/muchincommonandgotonwell.(2)艾米和她的妹妹一样非常喜欢唱歌。Incommonwithhersister，Amylikessingingverymuch.2.makeadifference[语境感悟](1)(教材P1)Itdoesn’tmakemuchofadifferencewhetherateacherspeaksBritishorAmericanEnglish.一个老师说英式英语还是美式英语都不会有太大差别。(2)Wecanhopetoreachourgoalsandtrulymakeadifferencebydiscoveringwhatwedobest.只有发现自己的长处我们才有希望达到目标并真正产生影响。[归纳拓展]makeadifference有影响，使不相同；起重要作用makemuch/agreatdifferenceto对……有很大影响作用makeno/littledifferenceto对……没有/几乎没有影响作用[即时跟踪](1)转学对我的一生有着重大影响。Changingschoolsmadeabigdifferencetomylife.(2)谁将获胜对于我来说没什么两样。Itmakesnodifferencetomewhowillwin.3.getaround[语境感悟](1)(教材P2)...ormaybeyouwillprefertogetaroundthetownbytaxi(British)orcab(American).……或者你可能更愿意乘坐出租车taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。(2)Newshasgotaroundthathewoulddropoutoftherace.消息已经传出：他将退出比赛。(3)Doyougetalongwithyournewclassmates?你跟新同学合得来吗？(4)Acarstoppedbeforehimandhegotin.一辆小汽车停在他面前，他上了车。[归纳拓展]getaround到处走动旅行；消息、谣言传开；传播getalongwith与……相处getdownto开始认真做某事getin进入；收获；达到getthrough通过；拨通电话getover克服；恢复[即时跟踪]用get短语的正确形式填空(1)Mary’sfatherlikesgettingaround.(2)Ifyoucangetoveryourpresentdifficulties，theneverythingshouldbeallright.(3)ItriedcallingyouseveraltimesbutIcouldn’tgetthrough.(4)Let’sstopchattingandgetdowntowork.4.besimilarto[语境感悟](1)(教材P2)Theaccent，whichismostsimilartoBritishEnglish，canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.在美国东海岸能够听到与英式英语非常相似的口音。(2)Goldissimilarincolortobrass.黄金与黄铜的颜色相似。(3)Nordoesanyoneknowifthisgenewouldbehavesimilarlyinpeople.没有人知道这种基因在人体内是否有类似的表现。[归纳拓展]1besimilarto与……相似besimilarin在……方面相似2similarlyadv.相似地，类似地[即时跟踪](1)单句语法填空①Thetwobrothersaresimilarinappearance，butdifferwidelyintheirtastes.②Runningisagoodwaytokeepfit.Similarly(similar)，ridingabicycleisgoodforourhealth.③Mynewdressissimilartotheoneyouhave.(2)他们两人性格相近。Thetwoofthemaresimilarincharacter.5.havedifficulty(in)doingsth./withsth.[语境感悟](1)(教材P2)ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更困难。(2)Idon’thavemuchdifficultywithEnglishgrammar.我在英语语法方面没有很大的困难。[归纳拓展]havenodifficultyindoingsth./withsth.做某事没有困难difficulty为不可数名词；in常可以省略表示“做某事有困难”的其他几种结构：Therebesomedifficultyindoingsth.Itbedifficultforsb.todosth.[即时跟踪](1)单句语法填空①You’llimaginewhatdifficultywehadwalking(walk)homeinthesnowstorm.②Hepickedthemuphappilyandatethemallwithdifficulty.③Itisdifficultforthemtoharvest(harvest)fishintheocean.(2)句型转换Ihavenodifficultywiththeproblem.→Ihavenodifficulty(in)workingouttheproblem.6.leadto[语境感悟](1)(教材P3)ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish，...但是这也致使许多美语单词和结构传入英式英语，……(2)AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马。(3)Hesaidhewouldleadustothemuseum.他说他会带我们去博物馆。(4)Thecompanyhastakentheleadincarproductionforyears.几年来，这家公司在汽车生产行业一直处于领先地位。[归纳拓展]leadto引起，导致；通向leadsb.to...带领某人到……leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事leadtheway带头，先行taketheleadin在……方面领先[即时跟踪](1)用所给词的正确形式填空①Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleads(lead)toillness.②Withhimleading(lead)theway，wegotthereintime.③Suchactionsofhimleadustodistrust(distrust)him.(2)早晨睡懒觉导致了他上班迟到。Itwassleepinglateinthemorningthatledtohisbeinglateforwork.1.while的用法[语境感悟](1)(教材P2)Americansuseaflashlight，whilefortheBritish，it’satorch.美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它torch。(2)Whilehewasreadingthenewspaper，heheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.当他读报纸的时候，他听到有人敲门。(3)WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult，Idon’tagreetoyourwaytosolvethem.虽然我承认问题很难，但是我不同意你解决问题的方式。[归纳拓展](1)while可作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，然而”。(2)while作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。(3)while作从属连词，意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，从句一般位于句首。注意：while从句中用延续性动词。[即时跟踪]写出下列句中while的词性及汉语意思(1)Somepeoplecomehereforashortbreakwhileothershavedecidedtostayforever.while在句中作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，表示前后情况的对比，意为“而，然而”。(2)Marymadecoffeewhileherguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.while在句中作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。2.it作形式宾语[语境感悟](1)(教材P3)Thisnon­stopcommunication，theexpertsthink，hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。(2)Shemadeitherdutytolookafterthesechildren.她把照顾这些孩子作为她的义务。[归纳拓展]这是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的不定式短语。(1)“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”是一个常用句式。如果make后的宾语是不定式或that从句或动名词，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，这时往往把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，把真正的宾语放在后面。(2)与make这一用法相同的常用动词还有：find，feel，think，consider等。该句型常为：make/find/feel/think/consider...＋it＋adj./n.＋that­clause/(forsb.)todosth./v.­ing[即时跟踪](1)单句语法填空①Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.②Manyparentsfindithelpfultohave(have)petsinthehousefortheirchildren.③Ithinkitnousearriving(arrive)theretooearly.④Therainmadeitmoredifficultforustofinishtheworkontime.(2)单句改错IfinditnecessarilytolearnEnglishwell.necessarily→necessaryⅠ.单句语法填空1.Comparedwith/towesterncountries，Chinausesmaterialsverycarefully.2.Itisobviousthatshehasadvantagesofherownonthismatter.3.TheyaskedmemanyconfusingquestionsandIwasconfused.(confuse)4.Thetwocirclesdifferinsizebutnotincolour.5.Thewallsaregreen，whiletheceilingiswhite.Ⅱ.选词填空havenodifficultyin，besimilarto，getaround，leadto，incommonwith，remarkon1.Incommonwithotheryoungsters，weallenjoypopmusicandsports.2.Withthismaphelpingus，wehadnodifficulty(in)findinghishouselastSaturday.3.IthinkitwashiscarelessnessthatledtohisfailureintheCollegeEntranceExaminations.4.Look，mynewbicycleissimilarto’ttellthedifferencesbetweenthem.5.Itisdifficultforhimtogetaroundwithoutastick.6.Thediffer