专业英语四级(听力)模拟试卷226(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷226(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.Whatiseffectivenote-taking?To【T1】______thematerialandwritedownkeyelements2.TakenotesinsteadoftranscribingBean【T2】______:don’tjustrecordwhatissaidEngagewiththematerial&determinethe【T3】______Recordingisn’tsuggestedpartlybecause【T4】______isnecessary3.Pickuponthelecturer’s【T5】______andcluesVocalpatterns,【T6】______&otherindicationsRecognizemainideasby【T7】______signalwords&phrasesOtherclues:voicevolume,repetition,gestures,actions4.Makeupyourown【T8】______Use【T9】______:writenotesmorequicklyCreate【T10】______andskipunimportantwords1．【T1】正确答案：digest解析：本题考查对文意的理解和细节的把握。录音开头就指出，有效地做笔记并不是录音和抄写，而是一个学习过程，它要求快速理解(digest)讲座内容，并记下关键要素。知识模块：讲座2．【T2】正确答案：activelistener解析：本题考查对文意的理解和细节的把握。录音在提出第一个主观点时指出，应该做一个“积极的倾听者”(activelistener)，而非只是机械地记笔记。知识模块：讲座3．【T3】正确答案：essentialelements解析：本题考查细节。录音继上一个空进一步说明，做笔记时应该多结合材料，判断所说内容中哪些是关键要素(determinetheessentialelements)。注意此处element应该用复数。知识模块：讲座4．【T4】正确答案：activeengagement解析：本题考查对文意的理解和细节的把握。录音指出，积极参与的必要性(Thisnecessityofactiveengagement)是很多专家不建议对讲座录音的原因之一。因此，此处填activeengagement。知识模块：讲座5．【T5】正确答案：cues解析：本题考查对主要观点的把握。录音提出的第二个主观点为，学会捕捉演讲者给出的信号和线索(learntopickuponthelecturer’scuesandclues)。注意此处cue填复数形式。知识模块：讲座6．【T6】正确答案：handgestures解析：本题考查细节。录音提到，演讲者往往会通过说话的方式(vocalpatterns)、手势(handgestures)及其他暗示(otherindications)来强调重要的信息。注意此处gesture应该用复数。知识模块：讲座7．【T7】正确答案：identifying解析：本题考查对文意的理解和信息的整合。录音指出，应通过捕捉信号词及词组(byidentifyingsignalwordsandphrases)来把握重要内容，故填入identifying一词。知识模块：讲座8．【T8】正确答案：shorthandmethod解析：本题考查对主要观点的把握。录音指出的第三个主观点为，创造一套属于自己的速记法(makeupyourownshorthandmethod)，故填入shorthandmethod一词。知识模块：讲座9．【T9】正确答案：shortcuts解析：本题考查细节。录音提到，速记法可以用便捷的方式(useshortcuts)记笔记。注意shortcut不能写成两个单词shortcut，而且还要用名词的复数形式shortcuts。知识模块：讲座10．【T10】正确答案：abbreviations解析：本题考查对分论点的理解。录音在对第三个主观点进行说明时指出，为了提高记笔记的效率，应该使用缩写(useabbreviations)或略过不重要的单词，后面继续举例说明如何创造缩写。故本题填入abbreviations一词。知识模块：讲座听力原文：ThreeSystemsofMemoryPsychologistshavemanytheoriestoexplainhowwerememberinformation.Themostinfluentialtheoryisthatmemoryworksasakindofstoragesystem,orstorehouse,forinformation.Accordingtothistheory,therearethreetypesofthesestoragesystemswithdifferentfunctionsthatholdinformationfordifferentamountsoftime.Thesestoragesystemsaresensorymemory,short-termmemory,andlong-termmemory.Let’sstartwiththefirststoragesystem,sensorymemory,[1]Itholdsinformationfortheshortestamountoftime—lessthanfourseconds.Aninstant.[2]Sensorymemoryiswherestimuli,orthingsthatstimulateoursenses,areverybrieflystored.Weforgetsensorymemoriesalmostinstantly,unlesstheypassintoanotherstoragesystem.[3]Examplesofstimulithatusuallygointosensorymemoryarethingsthatweseeandhearintheworldsuchasaflashoflightning,orthesoundofadoorclosing.Now,let’smoveontothesecondstoragesystem,[4]short-termmemory,whichisalsosometimescalled“workingmemory”.Itholdsinformationforabout15to25seconds.Thisisnotaverylongtime,buttheinformationthatpassesintothissystemhasmoremeaningforusthanjustsensorystimulation.Itisnotentirelyclearhowsomesensorymemoriestransferintomoremeaningfulshort-termmemories.However,[5]ithasbeenproventhatmemorygoingintothissystemismadeupof“chunks,”orgroups,ofmeaningfulinformation.Ithasbeenfoundthatonlyaroundseven“chunks”ofinformationcanbestoredinshort-termmemory.Therefore,thereisnotalotofroomforinformationinshort-termmemory,anditdoesnotstaythereforverylong.[6]Examplesofthetypeofinformationthattypicallygoesintoshort-termmemoryaretelephonenumbers,addresses,andnames.Finally,let’slookatthethirdstorysystem,[7]long-termmemory,whichholdsinformationalmostdefinitely,althoughretrievingitcansometimesbedifficult.Wecanthinkoflong-termmemoryasaverybiglibrary,orevenacomputerchip,withalmostunlimitedcapacitiesforstorage.[8]Informationgetsfiled,catalogued,andstored.Long-termmemoryhasseveraldifferentcomponents,ormodules,thatcorrespondtoseparatememorysystemsinthebrain.Themaintwocategoriesoflong-termmemoryaredeclarativememoryandproceduralmemory.[9]Declarativememoryiswherewestorefactualinformation,suchasnames,faces,anddates.[10]Proceduralmemoryiswherewestorememoryofskillsandhabits,likehowtorideabike.Withindeclarativememory,therearetwosmallercategoriesofmemory,namely,episodicmemoryandsemanticmemory.Episodicmemoryiswhereweplacememoriesthatrelatetoourpersonallives,thingswehavedoneorexperienced,suchashavingacaraccident.Semanticmemoryiswhereweorganizegeneralknowledgeorfactsabouttheworld,suchasmathformulas.OK,tosumup,todaywe’vetakenabrieflookatthethreestoragesystemsandtheirdifferentfunctionsofholdinginformationfordifferentamountsoftime.Nexttime,we’lllookatsomeotheraspectsofpsychology.ThreeSystemsofMemory1.SensorymemoryInformationheldforlessthan【T1】______【T2】______ofsensesstoredbrieflyExamples:【T3】______ordoor-closingsounds2.Short-termmemoryor【T4】______Informationheldforabout15to25secondschunksof【T5】______informationstoredExamples:telephonenumbers,【T6】______andnames3.Long-termmemoryInformationheldalmost【T7】______Informationgetsfiled,【T8】______,andstoredTwomaincategoriesDeclarativememory:【T9】______【T10】______memory:skillsandhabits11．【T1】正确答案：4／fourseconds解析：本题要求填入感官记忆系统保存信息的时长。录音提到，感官记忆保存信息的时间是最短的。少于四秒(lessthan4seconds)，故填入4／fourseconds。知识模块：讲座12．【T2】正确答案：Stimuli解析：本题要求填入何种信息被短暂地储存于感官记忆系统。录音提到，感官记忆短暂地储存刺激物(stimuli)或者是刺激了我们感官的事物(thingsthatstimulateoursenses)，故本题应填入Stimuli。知识模块：讲座13．【T3】正确答案：flashinglighting／lighting解析：本题要求填入和“关门声”并列的名词(短语)，同属于与感官记忆相关的例子。录音提到，感官记忆的刺激物通常是我们在现实世界中看到和听到的东西，例如闪电或者是关门声，故本题应填入flashingrighting或是直接简写成lighting。知识模块：讲座14．【T4】正确答案：workingmemory解析：本题要求填入与short-termmemory(短时记忆)相对应的名称。录音提到，短时记忆也被称为workingmemory(工作记忆)。故本题填入workingmemory。知识模块：讲座15．【T5】正确答案：meaningful解析：本题要求填入修饰information的词。录音提到，短时记忆的信息是由几“块”或几组(“chunks，”orgroups)有意义的信息(meaningfulinformation)构成，故本题填入meaningful。知识模块：讲座16．【T6】正确答案：addresses解析：本题要求填入与telephonenumbers，names相并列的名词，同属于短期记忆的信息。录音提到，短期记忆的典型信息即为电话号码，地址以及姓名，可见此处应填入addresses。知识模块：讲座17．【T7】正确答案：indefinitely解析：本题要求填入long-termmemory(长时记忆)中信息保存的时长。录音提到，长时记忆几乎无限期地储存信息(holdsinformationalmostindefinitely)，故本题填入indefinitely。知识模块：讲座18．【T8】正确答案：catalogued解析：本题要求填入长时记忆中信息经过怎样的处理。录音提到，信息被归档(filed)、编目(catalogued)和储存(stored)，故本题填入catalogued，注意要使用过去分词。知识模块：讲座19．【T9】正确答案：factualinformation解析：本题和下一题放在一起理解，便可知本题要求填入的是陈述性记忆(declarativememory)储存的信息类型。录音提到，陈述性记忆是储存事实性信息(factualinformation)的地方。故本题填入factualinformation。知识模块：讲座20．【T10】正确答案：Procedural解析：本题要求填入的是储存技能和习惯信息的记忆系统名称。录音提到，程序性记忆(proceduralmemory)是储存技能和习惯信息的地方。故本题填入Procedural。知识模块：讲座听力原文：IntroductiontoGeographyCourseSo,welcometoyourintroductorygeographylecture.We’llbeginwithsomebasics.Firstly,whatdowelearnbystudyinggeography?Well,welearnagreatdealaboutalltheprocessesthathaveaffectedandcontinuetoaffect[1]theearthsurface.Butwelearnedfarmorethanthat,becausestudyinggeographyalsoinformusaboutthedifferentkindsof[2]relationsthatdevelopbetweenaparticularenvironmentandthepeoplethatlivethere.Okay,weliketothinkofgeographyashavingtwomainbranches.[3]Thereisthestudyofthenatureofourplanet,forexampleitsphysicalfeatures,orwhatitactuallylookslike.Andthenthereisthestudyofthewaysinwhichwechoosetolive,[4]andoftheimpactofthoseonourplanet.Ourcurrentuseofcarbonfuelsisagoodexampleofthat.[5]Buttherearespecificstudyareastoconsidertoo.[6]Andwewillbelookingateachoftheseinturnthroughoutthissemester.Theseincludebio-physicalgeography,bywhichImeanthestudyofthenaturalenvironmentandallitslivingthings.Thenthereistopographywhichlooksattheshapesofthelandandoceans.Thereisthestudyofpoliticalgeography,andsocialgeographytoo,ofcourse,whichisthestudyofcommunitiesofpeople.Wehaveeconomicgeography,inwhichweexamineallkindsofresourcesandtheiruse.Nextcomeshistoricalgeography,theunderstandingofhowpeopleandtheirenvironmentsandthewaystheyinteracthavechangedoveraperiodoftime.Andurbangeography,anaspectIamparticularlyinterestedin,whichtakes,asitsfocus,thelocationofcitiesprovide,andmigrationofpeopletoandfromsuchcities.Andlastly,wehavecartography.Thatistheartandscienceofnetmaking.Youwillbedoingalotofthat.Okay,nowforsomepracticalities.[7]Whatdogeographersactuallydo?Well,wecollectdatatobeginwith.Howdowedothis?Thereareseveralmeans.Wemight,forexample,conductacensus.[8]Wealsoneedimagesoftheearth’ssurfacewhichwecanproducebymeansofcomputer-generationtechnologyorwiththehelpofsatelliterelays.We’vecomeaverylongwayfromtheearlyexplorationoftheworldbysailingshipswhengeographersonlyhadpensandpaperattheirdisposal.Afterwe’vegatheredinformation,wemustanalyzeit.[9]Weneedtolookforpatterns,mostcommonlythoseofcausesandconsequences.Thiskindofinformationhelpsustopredictandresolveproblemsthatcouldaffecttheworldwelivein.Butwedon’tkeepalltheseinformationconfidential.Wethenneedtopublishourfindingssothatotherpeoplecanaccessitandbeinformedbyit.[10]Andonewayinwhichthisinformationcanbepublishedisintheformofmaps.You’llallhaveusedoneatsomestageofyourlifealready.Okay,nowwe’vehadabasicunderstandingofgeography.Whatwe’regoingtodonextistolookatashortpresentationinwhichyou’llseesometoolsusedingeography.IntroductiontoGeographyCourse1.ThescopeofgeographyProcessesaffect【T1】______Relationsbetween【T2】______andpeople2.TwomainbranchesofgeographyThe【T3】______oftheearthThewaysoflivingandtheir【T4】______ontheearth3.【T5】______ofgeographyConsideringeachofthese【T6】______forthewholesemesterIncludingbio-physicalgeography,topography,politicalgeography,ect.4.Jobsof【T7】______TocollectdataToconductacensusToproduce【T8】______oftheearth’ssurfaceToanalyzedataTolookforpatternsof【T9】______Topublishfindings,intheformof【T10】______21．【T1】正确答案：theearthsurface解析：本题与地理学(geography)的第一个研究范围有关。录音提到，在地理学课堂，我们将去了解那些对地球表面(earthsurface)已经产生和继续产生影响的所有过程(processes)。故本题填入theearthsurface。知识模块：讲座22．【T2】正确答案：aparticularenvironment解析：本题与地理学的第二个研究范围有关。录音提到，学习地理学能让我们了解某种特定环境(aparticularenvironment)与生活在其中的人们(thepeoplethatlivethere)之间的各种不同的关系(differentkindsofrelations)。故本题填入aparticularenvironmen