动词的各种时态及变化规则

动词的各种时态及变化规则动词的各种时态及变化规则一、 一般现在时用法1。现阶段经常性、习惯性动作；2。目前的状态；3用法1。现阶段经常性、习惯性动作；2。目前的状态；3。客观真理.构成：主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词要在词尾加-s(-es)，其他人称和数用动词原形。否定形式：am/is/are+not；此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don’t,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn’t,同时还原行为动词.把be词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does还原行为动词。时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes,everyweek(day,year，month…）,onceaweek，onSundays动词的变化规则（1）一般直接在词尾+srunslikes(2）以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾的动词在词尾+esgoespasses（3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,要把y变i+esstudy—--studiestry—--tries(4)以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接在后+s staysplays二、现在进行时用法：a。表示现在(指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情.b.表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行.构成:主+am/is/are+动词的现在分词即动词-ing形式)否定形式：主否定形式：主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词一般疑问句：把am/is/are放于句首。时间状语:thesedays，now，atthemoment,look，listen。现在分词的变化规则现在分词的变化规则（1）。一般直接在动词词尾+ing reading（2)。以不发音e结尾的动词要把e去掉+ing live—-—living（3）。以重读闭音节的结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母再ingrun---running注：重读闭音节：辅+元+辅并且元音是单元音（4）。特殊记忆的动词 die-—-dying死lie--—lying躺tie---tying栓系三、一般过去时构成：主+动词的过去式。否定形式:若谓语为was\were,或情态动词，则直接在其后加not;若谓语为行为动词，则需要借助did+not,还原动词。一般疑问句若谓语为was\were，或情态动词则直接将其提到主语前；若谓语为行为动词，则需要借助did,并将其提到主语前，同时还原动词。时间状语：yesterdaythismorningthedaybeforeyesterday,in1990，动词的过去式形式(1）一般直接在动词词尾+edwork—-worked（2）以e结尾的动词在词尾+dlikedlived与动词的过去式形式(1）一般直接在动词词尾+edwork—-worked（2）以e结尾的动词在词尾+dlikedlived（3）以重读闭音节的结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词（3）以重读闭音节的结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写辅音字母再加edstop-—stopped（4)（4)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，要把y变i+edstudy—--studied不规则动词过去式：a，i—was ar—e —did se—saw —giv—e —got g—went com—came hav—eat-ate take-took runran sin—sang put-put,mak—e d—readwrite-wrotedra—drewdrink-dran，fl—flew ride-rode speak-spokeswee—t—swi—swamsi—sat brin——broughtca—could cu—become-becamebegin—beganfeel-feltfin—forget—t—heardkeep-keptknow-knewlearn—t（learned）leav—leftlet-letlos—lost不规则动词变化表。A-——A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词mee—metrea—readsleep-sleptspea—spoketak不规则动词变化表。A-——A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词costcostcost花费cutcutcut割，切hithithit打letletlet让put put put放下read read read读hurt hurt hurt伤。A--—A--B型(现在式和过去式同形）beat beat beaten打3.A———B———A型（现在式和过去分词同形)comecamecome来becomebecamebecome变runranrun跑。A———B-——B型（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。burn burnt burnt燃烧learn learned/learnt learned/learnt学习mean meant meant意思hear heard heard听见（2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。Buildbuiltbuilt建筑Lendlentlent借给loselostlost失去sendsentsent送spendspentspent花费（3）其他pay paid paid付lay laid laid下蛋say said said说ring brought brought带buy bought bought买think thought thought想sleep slept slept睡keep kept kept保持sweep swept swept扫stand stood stood站understand understood understood明win won won得胜shine shone/shined shone/shined发光catch caught caught抓住teach taught taught教feel felt felt觉得fight fought fought战斗find found found发现get got got得到hang hanged/hung hanged/hung绞死，挂have had had有hold held held盛，握leave left left离make made made制造meet met met遇见sell sold sold卖shoot shot shot射击tell told told告诉smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled嗅，sit sat sat坐dig dug dug挖5.A-——B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）（1)在动词原形后加-n或—en构成过去分词.eat ate eaten吃fall fell fallen落下steal stole stolen偷give gave given给freeze froze frozen冻take took taken拿see saw seen看见动词过去式把i变o,过去分词去e双写再加enwrite wrote written写ride rode ridden骑drive drove driven驾驶以ow结尾过去式把o变e过去分词直接加nthrowblowgrowknowthrewblewgrewknewthrown抛，扔blown吹grown生长known知道flyflewflown飞drawdrewdrawn拉，绘画showshowedshown展示（2）过去式加-n或—en构成过去分词.speakspokespoken说话breakbrokebroken破碎，折断wakewaked/wokewaked/waken醒choosechosechosen选择forgetforgotforgotten忘记（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a"(过去式)和“u”（过去分词）。Begin began begun开始ring