上海国际学校八年级英语测试卷

PartOne:Reading(2’X32=64')

Suggestedtime:60minutes

Direction:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralmultiplechoicequestions.AnswerallthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Questions1-5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

HeadofResearch

Salary：£55.271

WearelookingforaHeadofResearchtomanagetheCWUResearchDepartmentandInformationCenter.Youwouldberequiredtoexercisecontrolofallresearchworkofthedepartmentandmanageateamofthreeresearchersandfoursupportstaff.

ThepersonappointedwouldbeexpectedtocarryoutresearchworkofastrategicnatureacrosstherangeofbusinessesinwhichtheCWUhasorseeksmembershipandtocontributetothestrategicthinkinganddirectionoftheunionasawhole.

Youwillneed:provenlinemanagementskills,especiallyinmanagingandmotivatingateam;goodresearchskills,holdingagooddegreeinarelatedsubjectorothersimilarexperience;ahighlevelofmathematicalandcalculatingskills;theabilitytoproducehighqualityworkunderpressure;acommitmenttoandknowledgeofthetradeunionmovementandsocialdemocraticpolities;andknowledgeand/orexperienceofthepostaland/ortelecommunicationsindustry.

Toapply,pleaserequestanapplicationpackbyemailinghr@orbytelephoningHR(HumanResources)on02089717482.Whenapplyingpleasestartyoursource.

ClosingDateforApplications:4thAugust2010

AnticipatedInterviewDate:17thAugust2010

Noagenciesplease

1.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercouldwefindthisadvertisement?

A.Arts.B.Sales.C.Jobs.D.News.

2.Theword“appointed”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto

A.showedB.advertisedC.appliedD.chosen

3.Oneofthedutiesofthepersontobeappointedis_____.

A.runningatelecommunicationscompany

B.seekingmembershipinthelocalgovernment

C.managingateamoffourmembers

D.takingchargeofresearchwork

4.Ifyouwanttoapplyforthisposition,youcandoallEXCEPT_____.

A.askanagencyforanapplicationform

B.dial02089717482formoreinformation

C.emailhr@foranapplicationpack

D.sendinyourapplicationbefore4thAugust2010

5.Whichofthefollowingapplicantismostlikelytobeemployed?

A.Amathteacherwithfiveyearsofexperience.

B.Auniversitygraduatemajoringincomputerscience.

C.Adirectorfromaresearchcenterwithamaster’sdegree.

D.Aclerkfromatelecommunicationscompany.

Passage2

Questions6-11arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

PaulaRadcliffe,chasingathirdLondonmarathontitle,saysshehasbecomeastrongerpersonafterherterribleexperienceatthe2004AthensGames.

Radcliffe,whofailedtocompletetheOlympicmarathonandthe10000mlastAugust,said:“Athensmademeastrongerpersonanditmademecarelessaboutcriticism.”

“InthepastIwantedtopleaseeveryone,butnowIamgoingtolistenevenmoretothepeoplearoundme.”

Shedidn’tcareaboutcriticismmadeattheweekendbyLizMcColgan,whofeltRadcliffeshouldhaverestedandletherbodyrecoverafterherfailureinAthens.

“LizissomeoneIlookuptobutshehasn’tspokentomesincelastyearandifshereallycaredforme,I'msureshewouldhavecontactedme.”

InsteadRadcliffewontheNewYorkCitymarathonjust11weeksafterAthens.

“InNewYorkIwasn'tinmybeststatebutIdidknowIwasgoodenoughtowintherace.”

RadcliffeinsistedheronlygoalinSunday’sracewouldbewinningathirdtitleandnotchasingworldrecords.

However,Radcliffehasnotruledoutinthefuturechasingher"final"worldrecordtimeandquestionedsayingsthatmarathonrunnershavetheabilityintheircareertoproduceonlyfourorfiveworld-classtimes.

“Idon’tthinkthat—althoughIcan’tputanumberonit,”saidRadcliffe.“Thatchangesfrompersontoperson.”

RadcliffeissureshecanbetterherwinningLondon2003performanceatsomepointinthefuture.Followingasuccessfulthree-monthtrainingperiodintheUnitedStates,the31-year-oldwillchaseathirdtitleonSundayafterherfirstvictoryin2002andagain12monthslater.

Radcliffeclockedatimeof2:18:56inherfirst42.2-kilometerracethreeyearsago.Afterwardssheseta"mixedcourse"markof2:17:18fivemonthslaterinChicagobeforeloweringthattoatimeof2:15:25inthe2003Londonevent.

6.Radcliffe'sfailureinAthensmadeher_____.

A.developrespectforLizB.lovepeoplearoundhermore

C.restforfivemonthsD.facecriticismcalmly

7.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.RadcliffebroketheworldrecordintheNewYorkCitymarathon.

B.Radcliffewasn’tinherbeststatebeforetheNewYorkCitymarathon.

C.RadcliffewonherfirstmarathontitleintheNewYorkCitymarathon.

D.Radcliffehada3-monthtrainingbeforetheNewYorkCitymarathon.

8.Thephrase“ruleout”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto____.

A.eliminatethepossibilityofB.bebannedfrom

C.maketheruleofD.surpasswellbeyond

9.Bysaying“Ican'tputanumberonit”,Radcliffemeansshe’snotsure_____.

A.ifshehastheabilitytosetanewworldrecord

B.ifshecanwinanotherracethoughshehaswonmanytimes

C.howmanytimesamarathonrunnercansettheworldrecord

D.ifshehastheabilitytoproducefourorfiveworld-classtimes

10.AccordingtoRadcliffe,hernextgoalwouldbe_____.

A.winningathirdtitleintheNewYorkCitymarathon

B.breakingtheworldrecordshemadeinthe2003Londonevent

C.gainingaplaceinthefollowingLondonmarathon

D.returningtothe2004AthensGames

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatallofthefollowingwerethecharacteristicsofRadcliffeEXCEPT_____.

A.aggressiveB.optimisticC.persistentD.ambitious

Passage3

Questions12-18arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheSaharaDesertisgrowingby10kmeachyear.Thewholeearthgets600km2ofdesertareamoreeveryyear.Thisprocessiscalled"desertification".Thistermstartedbeingusedinthe1950s.

Theideaofdesertificationwasfirstknowninthe1930s.MuchoftheGreatPlainsgrewverydryasaresultofdroughtandpoorfarmingtechniques.Itwascalledthe“DustBowl.”

Grazingisoneworry.Cowsdotwothingstothesoil.First,theyeatgrassesandplantsthatholdthesoilinplace.Second,theirhoovesbreakdownthetoplayerofsoil.Theresultisthatthegoodsoilcanbeblownawaybythewind.Thedirtleftbehindisnotgoodforgrowing.Millionswereforcedtoleavetheirfarmsandtheirwaysoflife.Sincethen,therehavebeengreatimprovementsinfarmingpracticesintheGreatPlains.Thesehavepreventedthe“DustBowl”disasterfromoccurringagain.

Somethinkthatdroughtsmostlycausethiscondition.Infact,itismostlycausedbypeople.Ithasbecomeoneofthemostseriousglobalproblems.Droughtsarenormalindryandsemi-dryplaces.Well-managedlandscanrecoverfromdroughtswhentherainsreturn.Itisman'seffectonnaturethatisthekey.Afive-yeardroughtwasworsenedbypoorlandmanagementinWestAfricasomeyearsago.Itcausedthedeathsofmorethan100,000peopleand12millioncattle.

Desertificationisacommonissueinpolitics.Therearestillmanythingsthatwedonotknowaboutit.Theprocessisaverycomplexformofdegradation.Moreresearchneedsbedonetounderstanditbetter.

12.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?

A.Thewindwillmakeitdifficultforthecowstoeatgrassesandplants.

B.Cows’hoovesbreakdownthetoplayerofsoilthatisnotgoodforcultivating.

C.Becauseofgrazing,thegrassesandplantsthatholdthesoilcanbeblownaway.

D.Grazingcausesthedestructionandlossofgoodsoil.

13.Accordingtoparagraph3,whathaspreventedthe“DustBowl”fromhappeningagain?

A.Bettercattlebreeds.B.Betterirrigationtechniques

C.Goodfarmingpractice.D.TheGreatPlainsPreservationPlan

14.Thephrase“thiscondition”inparagraph4refersto

A.theSaharaDessertB.desertification

C.poorfarmingtechniquesD.grazing

15.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheunderlinedsentence(“Well-managedlandscan...return.”)?

A.Landonlyrecoversfromdroughtswiththereturnofrains.

B.Rainhelpstherecoveryofeffectivelymanagedlands.

C.Rainssupporttherecoveryofalllandsindryplaces.

D.Droughtspreventlandfromrecoveringfrompoormanagement.

16.Theauthormentions“WestAfrica”intheparagraph4inorderto

A.emphasizetheseriousnessofdesertificationworseningeveryyear.

B.giveanexampleoftheconsequencecausedbypoorlandmanagement.

C.attractattentionfromthegovernmentsinWestAfrica.

D.contrastthedesertificationinWestAfricawithotherregionsoftheSaharaDesert

17.Theword“degradation”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto____.

A.reductionB.graduationC.solutionD.expansion

18.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Desertificationisoneofthepoliticalissues.

B.Droughtarecommoninthedesert.

C.TheSaharaDesertexpandsby10kmeveryotheryear.

D.Theworddesertificationwasintroducedinthe1950s.

Passage4

Questions19-25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

FamousauthorandlinguistJohnRonaldReuelTolkienwasborninSouthAfricain1892.HejoinedtheBritishArmyduringWorldWarIandservedinaBritishunit.Duringthewar,Tolkienwitnessedthedeathsofmanyofhisfellowsoldiersaswellassomehisclosestfriends.Hehimselfwasstruckdownwithtrenchfeverandendedupinahospital.ItisoftensuggestedthatTolkien'sexperienceofwarhadagreatinfluenceonhiswriting.Hemaywellhavecometoviewfantasyasawaytoescapethesevererealityofwar,machines,gunsandbombs.Certainly,itwasduringhisrecoveryinamilitaryhospitalthathebegantocreatefairytalesbaseduponhisstudiesoffolktales.Afterthewar,Tolkienfollowedanacademiccareer.HisinterestinlanguagesledhimtoworkontheNewEnglishDictionaryandinspiredhimtoinventmanyartificiallanguages.Eventually,hewenttoOxfordUniversityasProfessorofAnglo-Saxon,andlaterhebecameProfessorofEnglishLanguageandLiterature.

①TolkienisprobablybestknownastheauthorofTheLordoftheRings.②.Itissaidthatheofteninventedfantasystoriestoentertainhischildren.③Oneofthesestorieswaspublishedin1937andwascalledTheHobbit.④.Althoughintendedforchildren,TheHobbitattractedmanyadultreadersanditsgreatpopularityledhispublisherstopersuadeTolkientoworkonacontinuation.⑤Inresponse,Tolkiencreatedhismostfamouswork,theepicthree-volumenovel,TheLordoftheRings.⑥Atfirsthethoughthisstorywouldtellanotherchildren'stalebuttheworkquicklygrewdarkerandmoreseriousinthewriting.⑦Ittookhimtenyearstocompletehisthree-volumenovelwhichhasbeenpopularsinceitfirstappearedinprint.

Althoughwidelyadmiredaspowerfulandinventive,ThelordoftheRingshasreceivedcriticism.Somecritics,particularlyscholarsofNorsemythology,considertheworkhighlyimitativeandtakenextensivelyfrommythsandfolkstories.Despitethis,Tolkienstorieshaveappealedtogenerationsofreadersandinfluencedgenerationsofwriters.Hewelldeservestobeconsideredthefatherofmodernfantasy.

19.Inpassage1,theauthorindicatesthatTolkien’sexperienceinthearmy_____.

A.arousedafascinationwithwar

B.stimulatedaninterestinmythology

C.hadagreatinfluenceonhiswriting

D.encouragedhimtostudylanguageandliterature

20.Accordingtopassage1,whichofthefollowingistrueofTolkien?

A.DuringWorldWarI,hejoinedtheSouthAfricaArmyandwitnessedthecrueltyofwar.

B.Tolkienstartedtocreatesciencefictionsduringhisrecoveryinahospital.

C.HeinventedmanyartificiallanguagesfortheNewEnglishDictionary.

D.Afterthewar,hefollowedanacademiccareerinthefieldoflanguage.

21.Accordingtoparagraph2,TheLordoftheRings_____.

A.wasslowtogainpopularacceptance

B.Changeditswritingstyleasitprogressed

C.representedarejectionofhisearlierwritingstyle

D.wasauniqueandunprecedentedpieceofwriting

22.Whichsentenceinparagraph2providesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

A.Sentence②(Itissaid...Children.)

B.Sentence④(Althoughintendedfor...continuation.)

C.Sentence⑤(Inresponse...Rings.)

D.Sentence⑥(Atfirst...writing.)

23.Theword“imitative”inparagraph3isclosestinthemeaningto

A.originalB.copyingC.capturingD.inaccurate

24.Inparagraph3,theword“this”refersto

A.TheLordoftheRingsB.TheHobbit

C.mythsandfolkstoriesD.criticism

25.Accordingtothepassage,Tolkien“deservestobeconsideredthefatherofmodernfantasy”inthesensethat_____.

A.hisworkhasawidereadershipandlastinginfluence.

B.hisnovelsareenjoyedbybothchildrenandadults.

C.heinventedtheideaoffantasyinliterature

D.hewroteNorsemythsandfolkstoriesinmodernEnglish.

Passage5

Questions26-32arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TighteconomictimesandagrowingopennesstostrangerthankstotheInternethavegivenrisetothe“sharingeconomy.”Peopleareloggingontositesandappstorentouttheircars,housesandeventheirclothesdirectlytooneanother.Andit’sbigbusiness:thepeer-to-peerrentalmarketisworth$26billion,accordingtoRachelBotsman,authorofMineIsYours:TheRiseofCollaborativeConsumption.

Arguablythebiggestsectorofthesharingeconomyistravel.Peoplearerentingtheirbedstoout-of-towners,leadingthemonguidedtoursandhostingmeals,sometimesforfreebutonmostsitesforaprice--thoughonefarbelowthosefoundatlocalhotels.Trust,basedmainlyononlinereviews,isfuelingaglobalsharecationnetwork.

Partoftheappealfortravelersisthechancetolivelikelocals.“Incertainsmalltowns,Googlingwhattoseewouldnothavehelped,”saysRobertHero,22,whobikedacrossEuropewithtwofriendsthissummer,crashingonstrangers’couchesastheywent.“ButinCompiegne(inFrance),ourhosttookustothiscastlewhereNapoleonpartied.”Heroandhisfriendscrashedon35couchesduringtheirtravel.“Originally,wedidittosavemoney.ButnowIwouldbeupsetifIheldtotravelanyotherway.”

Trustbetweenstrangershasgrownsomuchthatpeoplemaybewillingtosharehotelrooms,notjusthouses.Ewhichlaunchedthissummer,pairsstrangerstogethertosplitthecostofahotelroom--hopefullywithseparatebeds.Onthesesites,userspickhostsorfellowtravelersmainlyonthebasisofuserreviews,soonlinereputationbecomesofprimeimportance.

Butthereareriskstoanysystembasedonpeerreviews.Safetyconcernshaveledsitestotakeexternalmeasures.Airbnbrecentlyintroducedasystemwhereyoucanconfirmyouronlineidentitybysendingthesiteacopyofanoff-lineID,likeadriver’slicense.

Andwhilemostsharingsitesdonotcheckhosts,moreareturningtosocialnetworkslikeFacebookasaplatformforbuildingtrust.ThenewFriendsofFriendsTravelconnectstravelersalreadyindirectlylinkedthroughsocialmedia.“Evenifthepersonyou'recrashingwithistechnicallyastranger,someoneyouknowknowsthemandcanguaranteeforthem."SaysD.J.Singh,aco-founder.

26.Thesharingeconomyisboomingmainlybecause_____.

A.peerstendtosupportoneanotherfinancially

B.peoplearegettingmorewillingtoacceptothers

C.thepeer-to-peerrentalmarkethasbeenprofitable

D.it'sgettingmorefavorablereviewsontheInternet

27.Accordingtothepassage,theword"sharecation"inparagraph2mostprobablymeans_____.

A.arentalnetworkwherepeoplerentoutthingstotallyforfree

B.apackagetourinwhichpeoplechoosetheiridealhotelroommates

C.awayoftravelingbyrentingthingsfromlocalpeopleateconomicalprices

D.awayofaccommodationinwhichpeoplesleeponcouchesforthenight

28.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatisHero’sattitudetowardsthenewwayoftraveling?

A.pessimisticB.enthusiasticC.neutralD.skeptical

29.Theword“reputation”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto

A.goodnameB.marketingC.serviceD.advertisement

30.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Trustbetweenpeoplehelpspromotethe"sharingeconomy"acrosstheworld.

B.Enjoyinglocallivescontributestopeople’sgrowingpassionfor“sharecation.”

C.Peoplechoosehostsorfellowtravelersmainlybycheckinguserreviews.

D.AllthesharingsitesrequireacopyofauserIDforconfirmationofhisorheridentity.

31.TheauthorquotesD.J.Singhassaying“Eveniftheperson...forthem”inparagraph6inorderto

A.illustratehowthehostsestablishnewfriendshipbysharingherhouse.

B.contrast“sharecation”withthetraditionalwayofbookinghotels.

C.relieveusers’safetyconcernswiththeintroductionofIDcheckingsystem

D.explainhowsocialnetworkscanbuildtrustbetweenhostsandusers.

32.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TheRiseof“Sharecation”B.TheGlobalRentalNetwork

C.TheCouch-crashingExperience D.The