《无机化学》课件-原子半径及电负性

化学无机元素基本性质的周期性

元素性质的周期性目录12原子半径电负性contents

共价半径

同种元素共价单键键长的一半作为该元素的共价半径。范德华半径

不属于同一分子的两个最接近的原子核间距离的一半称为原子的范德华半径。金属半径

在金属晶体中,把相邻两个原子的核间距离的一半作为该元素的金属半径。··原子半径原子半径是指在特定条件下，原子在分子或在晶体中表现的大小电子层数核电荷数原子半径大小元素性质原子半径原子的大小跟原子层结构、核电荷数等因素有关原子半径变化规律同一周期，从左到右，随着核电荷数的递增，核对电子吸引力增强，原子半径逐渐减小。原子半径变化规律同一主族，从上到下，随着电子层数增多，原子半径逐渐增大。原子半径变化规律同一副族，从上到小，原子半径总的趋势也是增大，但是幅度略小。以核电荷数为横坐标，原子半径数值为纵坐标，直观地呈现了原子半径的周期性变化规律。原子半径变化规律元素电负性

元素电负性

电负性越大，表示元素原子在分子中吸引电子能力越强，非金属性越强;电负性越小，表示元素原子在分子中吸引电子能力越弱，金属性越强。元素电负性ⅠA一H2.1ⅡAⅢAⅣAⅤAⅥAⅦA二Li1.0Be1.5B2.0C2.5N3.0O3.5F4.0三Na0.9Mg1.2ⅢBⅣBⅤBⅥBⅦBⅧⅠBⅡBAl1.5Si1.8P2.1S2.5Cl3.0四K0.8Ca1.0Sc1.3Ti1.5V1.6Cr1.6Mn1.5Fe1.8Co1.9Ni1.9Cu1.9Zn1.6Ga1.6Ge1.8As2.0Se2.4Br2.8五Rb0.8Sr1.0Y1.2Zr1.4Nb1.6Mo1.8Tc1.9Ru2.2Rh2.2Pa2.2Ag1.9Cd1.7In1.7Sn1.8Sb1.9Te2.1I2.5六Cs0.7Ba0.9Lu1.2Hf1.3Ta1.5W1.7Re1.9Os2.2Ir2.2Pt2.2Au2.4Hg1.9Tl1.8Pb1.9Bi1.9Po2.0At2.2元素电负性ⅠA一H2.1ⅡAⅢAⅣAⅤAⅥAⅦA二Li1.0Be1.5B2.0C2.5N3.0O3.5F4.0三Na0.9Mg1.2ⅢBⅣBⅤBⅥBⅦBⅧⅠBⅡBAl1.5Si1.8P2.1S2.5Cl3.0四K0.8Ca1.0Sc1.3Ti1.5V1.6Cr1.6Mn1.5Fe1.8Co1.9Ni1.9Cu1.9Zn1.6Ga1.6Ge1.8As2.0Se2.4Br2.8五Rb0.8Sr1.0Y1.2Zr1.4Nb1.6Mo1.8Tc1.9Ru2.2Rh2.2Pa2.2Ag1.9Cd1.7In1.7Sn1.8Sb1.9Te2.1I2.5六Cs0.7Ba0.9Lu1.2Hf1.3Ta1.5W1.7Re1.9Os2.2Ir2.2Pt2.2Au2.4Hg1.9Tl1.8Pb1.9Bi1.9Po2.0At2.2一般电负性2.0以上为非金属元素电负性ⅠA一H2.1ⅡAⅢAⅣAⅤAⅥAⅦA二Li1.0Be1.5B2.0C2.5N3.0O3.5F4.0三Na0.9Mg1.2ⅢBⅣBⅤBⅥBⅦBⅧⅠBⅡBAl1.5Si1.8P2.1S2.5Cl3.0四K0.8Ca1.0Sc1.3Ti1.5V1.6Cr1.6Mn1.5Fe1.8Co1.9Ni1.9Cu1.9Zn1.6Ga1.6Ge1.8As2.0Se2.4Br2.8五Rb0.8Sr1.0Y1.2Zr1.4Nb1.6Mo1.8Tc1.9Ru2.2Rh2.2Pa2.2Ag1.9Cd1.7In1.7Sn1.8Sb1.9Te2.1I2.5六Cs0.7Ba0.9Lu1.2Hf1.3Ta1.5W1.7Re1.9Os2.2Ir2.2Pt2.2Au2.4Hg1.9Tl1.8Pb1.9Bi1.9Po2.0At2.2一般电负性2.0以下为金属电负性的变化规律ⅠA一H2.1ⅡAⅢAⅣAⅤAⅥAⅦA二Li1.0Be1.5B2.0C2.5N3.0O3.5F4.0三Na0.9Mg1.2ⅢBⅣBⅤBⅥBⅦBⅧⅠBⅡBAl1.5Si1.8P2.1S2.5Cl3.0四K0.8Ca1.0Sc1.3Ti1.5V1.6Cr1.6Mn1.5Fe1.8Co1.9Ni1.9Cu1.9Zn1.6Ga1.6Ge1.8As2.0Se2.4Br2.8五Rb0.8Sr1.0Y1.2Zr1.4Nb1.6Mo1.8Tc1.9Ru2.2Rh2.2Pa2.2Ag1.9Cd1.7In1.7Sn1.8Sb1.9Te2.1I2.5六Cs0.7Ba0.9Lu1.2Hf1.3Ta1.5W1.7Re1.9Os2.2Ir2.2Pt2.2Au2.4Hg1.9Tl1.8Pb1.9Bi1.9Po2.0At2.2同一周期，从左到右，电负性逐渐增强，非金属逐渐增强，金属性逐渐减弱

。电负性的变化规律ⅠA一H2.1ⅡAⅢAⅣAⅤAⅥAⅦA二Li1.0Be1.5B2.0C2.5N3.0O3.5F4.0三Na0.9Mg1.2ⅢBⅣBⅤBⅥBⅦBⅧⅠBⅡBAl1.5Si1.8P2.1S2.5Cl3.0四K0.8Ca1.0Sc1.3Ti1.5V1.6Cr1.6Mn1.5Fe1.8Co1.9Ni1.9Cu1.9Zn1.6Ga1.6Ge1.8As2.0Se2.4Br2.8五Rb0.8Sr1.0Y1.2Zr1.4Nb1.6Mo1.8Tc1.9Ru2.2Rh2.2Pa2.2Ag1.9Cd1.7In1.7Sn1.8Sb1.9Te2.1I2.5六Cs0.7Ba0.9Lu1.2Hf1.3Ta1.5W1.7Re1.9Os2.2Ir2.2Pt2.2Au2.4Hg1.9Tl1.8Pb1.9Bi1.9Po2.0At2.2同一主族，从上到下，电负性逐渐减弱，金属性逐渐增强，非金属性逐渐减弱。电负性的变化规律电负性变化的柱状图，更直观地反映了元素各电负性的大小,

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