2024年新高考考前押题密卷英语（广东山东卷）（全解全析）

地理第2页（共3页）2024年高考考前押题密卷（广东山东卷）英语·全解全析（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（原创试题）题源：Adaptedfrom:EAbouttheAdventureTakeonanexcitingjourneythroughtheAyungRiver,thelongestraftingrouteinBali,offeringanunforgettablewhite-waterraftingexperience!WithrapidsrangingfromlevelIItoIII,youradventurewillspanapproximately2hoursofheart-poundingexcitement.Ledbyourknowledgeableandfriendlyraftguides,you'llnavigatetheriversafelywhileimmersingyourselfinBali'sstunningnaturalbeauty.Gainuniqueinsightsintotherainforestasyoutacklethrillingrapidsandcreatelastingmemoriesalongtheway.PackagesPriceAyungRiverRaftingOwnTransportIDR350/PersonAyungRiverRaftingGroupof2,includingReturnHotelTransferIDR550/PersonAyungRiverRaftingGroupof3–4,includingReturnHotelTransferIDR485/PersonAyungRiverRaftingGroupof5+,includingReturnHotelTransferIDR430/PersonTipsDress:Werecommendwearingshortpantsoraswimsuitforcomfortduringtheraftingadventure.Don'tforgettobringachangeofclothesforafterthetrip.SunProtection:Applysunscreengenerouslytoprotectyourskinfromthetropicalsun.Footwear:Bepreparedforsomewalkingwithsturdyshoes,especiallyatthebeginningandendofthetourwheresteeproadsareencountered.Sustainability:Helpreduceplasticwastebybringingyourownplasticbagsforwetclothes.Whilesingle-useraincoatsareavailable,bringingyourownisencouragedtominimizeplasticusage.ExtraFunds:CarrysomeextracashforpurchasingdrinksandsouvenirstocommemorateyourAyungRiverraftingexperience.Don'tmissoutonthisunforgettableadventurethatcombinesthebeautyofBali'snaturallandscapeswiththeexcitementofwhite-waterraftingontheAyungRiver!1.WhatisthedurationoftheAyungRiverraftingadventurementionedinthepassage?A)Approximately1hourB)About2hoursC)Around3hoursD)Over4hours2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisrecommendedattireforparticipantsoftheAyungRiverraftingtrip?A)LongpantsandasweaterB)SwimsuitorshortpantsC)FormalclothesD)Winterjacketandboots3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsustainabilitypracticesduringtheAyungRiverraftingadventureisNOTtrue?A)Participantsareencouragedtobringtheirownplasticbagsforwetclothes.B)Single-useraincoatsareavailableincaseofrain.C)Bringingyourownraincoatisrecommendedtoreduceplasticusage.D)Plasticbagsforwetclothesareprovidedbythetourcompany.【答案】1．B2．B3．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在巴厘岛阿永河进行漂流探险的体验。漂流路线全长，约为2小时，由专业的导游带领，漂流过程中将会遇到级别为II到III的急流，让游客在激流中感受到刺激与快乐。同时，文章提供了不同的价格套餐供选择，并给出了一些建议，包括着装、防晒、穿鞋、可持续性以及额外费用等方面的建议。1.事实细节题。根据文章第一段，“Youradventurewillspanapproximately2hoursofheart-poundingexcitement,”可知，阿永河漂流探险持续大约2小时。因此，正确答案为B)。【2题详解】事实细节题。根据文章第四段，“Theyrecommendwearingswimsuitsorshorts,alongwithwatershoesorsandalsforcomfort,”可知，参与者推荐穿着泳衣或短裤。因此，正确答案为B)泳衣或短裤。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，提及了鼓励参与者携带自己的塑料袋用于装湿衣物，但没有提及旅行公司提供湿衣物用的塑料袋，因此选项D)旅行公司提供湿衣物用的塑料袋是不正确的。选项A)鼓励参与者携带自己的塑料袋用于装湿衣物，与文章内容一致。选项B)提供一次性雨衣以备下雨时使用，与文章内容一致。选项C)建议自带雨衣以减少塑料使用，与文章内容一致。因此，正确答案为D)旅行公司提供湿衣物用的塑料袋。BGrowingupontheshoresofLakeHuronintheCanadianprovinceofOntario,RobertBerdanwasneverfarfromwater.Whenhewasinsixthgrade,hereceivedatoymicroscopeforChristmas.Someofthefirstthingshesawthroughitslensweretinycreaturesinsidedropletshe’dgatheredfromalocalpond.Hewasfascinatedwiththemicroorganisms.Aftereighthgrade,Berdanupgradedtoamoresophisticatedmodelandrealizeditwasaportaltoanotherworld.“Thenewmicroscopechangedmylife,”hesays.“Icouldseesomuchmore.”Hebegarstudyingphotographyandbuyingcamerastofitonhismicroscope.Hecapturedimagesofferns,mushrooms,andtrees,andlearnedhowtodevelopfilm.HealsodevelopedhismicroscopyskillssomuchsothatheearnedadoctoraldegreeincellularbiologyandspentfiveyearsrunningalabattheUniversityofAlbertainEdmonton.ButBerdanneverforgothistwoearlypassions-beingimmersedinnatureandphotographingitstinydetails-andhedecidedtoreturntothem.Hissubjectsrangefromsnowflakestosprucetrees.Toseethelatterunderamicroscope,Berdancollectsasmallbranchandwieldsspecializedtoolstoshaveoffpaper-thinslices,whichhedyesredorblue.Forthefinalimages,heoftenusesaprocesscalledfocusstacking,inwhichsimilarphotoswithdifferentfocalplanesaremixedtogethertoachieveamoreprofounddepthoffield,andhesometimessewsphotostogethertocreateviews.“Iinvestigateanythingthatmighthavepossibilities,”hesays.Andheencouragesotherstodothesamewithamicroscope.“Anytoolthatamplifiesourabilitytoseewillenhanceourcreativity,”henotes“Ourobservationscanpotentiallyleadtonewdiscoveriesandsolutions.”4．WhatinspiredBerdantopursuehispassionformicroscopicphotography?A．Workinginacellularbiologylab.B．Earningadoctoraldegreeincellularbiology.C．Tinymicroscopesfromalocalpond.D．ChildhoodexperiencesnearLakeHuron.5．Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A．Berdan’schildhoodexperiencewithmicroscopes.B．Berdan’sreasonforstudyingforadoctoraldegree.C．Berdan’stransitionfromamateurtoprofessional.D．Berdan’shardworkofrunningalabinEdmonton.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“amplifies”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Expands. B．Decreases. C．Mixes. D．Changes.7．WhatcanbeinferredaboutBerdan’sskillinmicroscopicphotography?A．Hehasreceivedformaltraininginphotographyandmicroscopy.B．Hemainlyfocusesoncapturingimagesofvariousmicroscopes..C．Heexperimentswithdifferentwaystoenhancethedepthoffield.D．Heisthemostskilledbiologistincapturingmushroomsandtrees.【答案】4．D5．C6．A7．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Berdan在加拿大安大略省休伦湖畔长大，从小对水和其中的微生物充满好奇。六年级时，他收到了一台玩具显微镜，开始观察微观世界。他鼓励其他人也使用显微镜，认为这样的工具能够增强我们的观察能力，激发创造力，并可能导致新的发现和解决方案。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“GrowingupontheshoresofLakeHuronintheCanadianprovinceofOntario,RobertBerdanwasneverfarfromwater.Whenhewasinsixthgrade,hereceivedatoymicroscopeforChristmas.Someofthefirstthingshesawthroughitslensweretinycreaturesinsidedropletshe’dgatheredfromalocalpond.Hewasfascinatedwiththemicroorganisms.(罗伯特·伯丹(RobertBerdan)在加拿大安大略省的休伦湖岸边长大，从来没有远离过水。六年级时，他收到了一个玩具显微镜作为圣诞礼物。他通过镜头看到的第一批东西是他从当地池塘收集的水滴里的微小生物。他对微生物很着迷)”可知，是休伦湖附近的童年经历激发了伯丹对显微摄影的热情。故选D项。5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Aftereighthgrade,Berdanupgradedtoamoresophisticatedmodelandrealizeditwasaportaltoanotherworld.“Thenewmicroscopechangedmylife,”hesays.“Icouldseesomuchmore.”Hebegarstudyingphotographyandbuyingcamerastofitonhismicroscope.Hecapturedimagesofferns,mushrooms,andtrees,andlearnedhowtodevelopfilm.HealsodevelopedhismicroscopyskillssomuchsothatheearnedadoctoraldegreeincellularbiologyandspentfiveyearsrunningalabattheUniversityofAlbertainEdmonton.(八年级后，伯丹升级到一个更复杂的模型，并意识到这是一个通往另一个世界的门户。“新显微镜改变了我的生活，”他说。“我可以看到更多。”他开始学习摄影，并为他的显微镜购买相机。他拍摄了蕨类植物、蘑菇和树木的照片，并学会了如何冲洗胶卷。他还提高了他的显微镜技术，以至于他获得了细胞生物学的博士学位，并在埃德蒙顿的阿尔伯塔大学(UniversityofAlberta)主管了五年的实验室)”可知，本段主要讲述了伯丹从业余到专业的转变。故选C项。6．词句猜测题。根据后文“willenhanceourcreativity(都会增强我们的创造力)”可推知，本句表达“任何能增强我们观察能力的工具都会增强我们的创造力”之意，所以amplifies为“增强”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Toseethelatterunderamicroscope,Berdancollectsasmallbranchandwieldsspecializedtoolstoshaveoffpaper-thinslices,whichhedyesredorblue.Forthefinalimages,heoftenusesaprocesscalledfocusstacking,inwhichsimilarphotoswithdifferentfocalplanesaremixedtogethertoachieveamoreprofounddepthoffield,andhesometimessewsphotostogethertocreateviews.(为了在显微镜下观察后者，伯丹收集了一根小树枝，并用专门的工具刮掉纸一样薄的薄片，然后把它们染成红色或蓝色。对于最终的图像，他经常使用一种称为焦点堆叠的过程，将不同焦平面的相似照片混合在一起，以获得更深刻的景深，他有时会将照片缝在一起以创造视图)”可知，从伯丹的显微摄影技巧可以推断出他试验了不同的方法来增强景深。故选C项。CWheninstantcakemixesfirstappearedinthe1950s,Americanhousewivesweredoubtful.Thesemixes,promisingeasycake-baking,felttooeasy.Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffortgainedfromalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.ThisreflectstheIKEAeffect(宜家效应),whichisidentifiedbypsychologistMichaelI.Nortonandhiscolleagues,suggestingweplacegreatervalueonthingswehaveworkedtocreate.Theyconductedfourstudiesinwhichtheyaskedparticipantstofoldpapercranesandfrogs,assembleIKEAboxes,andbuildsetsofLegos.Theythenaskedthebuilderstobid(出价)fortheircreations,andcomparedthepriceswithbidsfrompeoplewhohadn’tbuiltthem.Thebuildersconsistentlyoutbidthenon-builders.Interestingly,theIKEAeffectworksevenwhenpeoplehavenoopportunitytofullypersonalizetheircreations.Whilemostparticipants’foldingskillsleftmuchtobedesired,theylovedtheirimperfectlypersonalizedproductsallthemore.Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreationsnearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.Beauty,itseems,isintheeyeofthebuilder.Today,ascitiesaresufferingfromseverehousingcrises,theIKEAeffectcangiveusinsightintothewell-beingbenefitsofaself-buildingapproachtohousingdevelopment.ProjectslikeWikiHouseandthe“half-a-house”approachpioneeredbyAlejandroAravena’sarchitecturecompanyElementalareworkingtomakehousingmoreaffordableandsustainablebymakingiteasierforpeopletobuildandpersonalizetheirownhomes.“Themomentpeopleareinvolvedwiththeirbuiltenvironment,theyhaveatotallydifferentrelationshiptoit,”WikiHouseco-founderAlastairParvinexplained.“Whentheroofstartsleakingoradoorstartscreaking,theyhavethepowertofixitthemselves.”8．Whatbroughtcustomersthejoyofcake-bakingaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Abettertaste. B．Aneasyapproach.C．Adetailedrecipe. D．Anadditionaleffort.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3imply?A．Creationsarebasedonskills. B．Extralaborincreasesperceivedvalue.C．Beautyisfoundthroughcontrast. D．Strictmanagementbringsgoodquality.10．WhatisAlastairParvin’sattitudetowardspublicinvolvementinhousing?A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.11．What’sthepurposeofthistext?A．Topromoteabrand. B．Tomakeaproposal.C．Toexplainaconcept. D．Tointroduceastudy.【答案】8．D9．B10．D11．C【导语】本文是说明文。本文通过讨论宜家效应以及几个实验研究的结果，论述了人们更加珍视自己亲手创造的东西，并由此引发了对自我建造住房的好处的思考。8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffortgainedfromalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.(制造商发现，在烘焙过程中加入一个鸡蛋就足以让主妇们对自己的工作感到满意。从一点点额外的劳动中获得的更大的努力感被认为是蛋糕粉后来成功的关键)”可知，额外的努力给顾客带来了蛋糕烘焙的乐趣。故选D项。9．词句猜测题。根据前文“Interestingly,theIKEAeffectworksevenwhenpeoplehavenoopportunitytofullypersonalizetheircreations.Whilemostparticipants’foldingskillsleftmuchtobedesired,theylovedtheirimperfectlypersonalizedproductsallthemore.Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreationsnearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.(有趣的是，即使人们没有机会完全个性化他们的作品，宜家效应也会起作用。虽然大多数参与者的折叠技巧还有很多不足之处，但他们更喜欢自己不完美的个性化产品。建筑商对他们皱巴巴的像起重机一样的创造物的估价几乎是非建筑商的五倍)”可知，本段主要讲述额外的劳动会让参与者更喜欢自己的作品，所以Beauty,itseems,isintheeyeofthebuilder.意为“额外的劳动增加了感知价值”。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Themomentpeopleareinvolvedwiththeirbuiltenvironment,theyhaveatotallydifferentrelationshiptoit,”WikiHouseco-founderAlastairParvinexplained.“Whentheroofstartsleakingoradoorstartscreaking,theyhavethepowertofixitthemselves.”(WikiHouse的联合创始人AlastairParvin解释说：“当人们参与到他们的建筑环境中时，他们与环境的关系就完全不同了。”“当屋顶开始漏水或门开始吱吱作响时，他们有能力自己修理。”)”可知，AlastairParvin认为公众参与住房建设，他们与环境的关系就完全不同了，所以是持支持的态度。故选D项。11．推理判断题。根据第二段“ThisreflectstheIKEAeffect(宜家效应),whichisidentifiedbypsychologistMichaelI.Nortonandhiscolleagues,suggestingweplacegreatervalueonthingswehaveworkedtocreate.Theyconductedfourstudiesinwhichtheyaskedparticipantstofoldpapercranesandfrogs,assembleIKEAboxes,andbuildsetsofLegos.Theythenaskedthebuilderstobid(出价)fortheircreations,andcomparedthepriceswithbidsfrompeoplewhohadn’tbuiltthem.Thebuildersconsistentlyoutbidthenon-builders.(这反映了心理学家迈克尔·i·诺顿(MichaelI.Norton)及其同事发现的宜家效应(IKEAeffect)，即我们更看重自己努力创造的东西。他们进行了四项研究，要求参与者折叠纸鹤和青蛙，组装宜家盒子，搭建乐高积木。然后，他们要求建筑商为他们的作品出价，并将价格与没有建造这些作品的人的出价进行比较。建筑商的出价始终高于非建筑商)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要解释什么是宜家效应(IKEAeffect)，所以本文的目的是解释一个概念。故选C项。DPoweroftenboostsanemployee’screativitybecausebeingpowerfulliberatestheindividualfromrestrictions.However,newresearchshowsthatemployeeswhoarenotinpositionsofpowercanbecomemorecreativewhengiventimeto“warmup”toataskbyengaginginthecreativetaskmorethanonce.“Thisisimportantbecausewhenpeoplewithmorepowerareabletoexpresstheircreativeideasmorethanthosewithlesspower,whichleadstoarich-get-richerdynamicthatstrengthensthesepowerimbalances,”saidBrianLucas,assistantprofessorintheCornellUniversity.“Understandingwaystoboostthecreativityoflowerpowerworkerscanhelpthemfindtherightwaytodealwiththislow-powerdisadvantage,”Lucassaid.Lucasandhiscolleaguesconductedtwostudiestoreachtheirconclusion．Inthefirststudy,theydividedthecreativeideagenerationsessionintotworoundsconsistingofaone-minute“warmup”followedbyasecondroundinwhichtheparticipantscouldtakeaslongastheywanted．Participantswererandomlyassignedtoahigh-powerconditionoralow-powercondition,andfeelingsofpowerweregeneratedwitharolemanipulation(操纵)whereparticipantsweregivenaleadershiproleandcontroloverresources(highpower)oranemployeerolewithnocontroloverresources(lowpower).Thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-powerindividualsinthewarm-upround．Therewasnodifference,though,increativityinthesecondround.Inthesecondstudy,theresearchersgavethemadifferentcreativetaskandincreasedthenumberofroundsfromtwosessionstofive,takingaslongastheyliketocompletethetask.Similartothefirststudy,thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-powerindividualsinthefirstround．Butthecreativityoflow-powerindividualscaughtuptothecreativityofthehigh-powerindividualsafterthefirstround.“Thelow-powerwarm-upeffectsuggestsasimpleinterventionthatempowersallemployeestotaptheircreativepotentialandovercomespowerimbalancesintheworkplace:whenpursuingcreativework,letemployeeswarmupfirst,”Lucassaid.12．WhydoesLocusthinkitimportanttoboostthecreativityoflowerpowerworkers?A．Itmaintainspowerimbalances.B．Itmotivatestheirambitiontocatchup.C．Itcreatesacompetitiveworkenvironment.D．Itencouragesaworkplacewithmoreequality.13．HowdidLucasandhisco-authorsstimulatefeelingsofpowerintheparticipants?A．Throughacreativetaskwithtimelimits.B．Throughprovidingthemwithdifferentpositions.C．Throughacompetitionbetweenleadersandemployees.D．Throughassigningthemtodifferentconditionsintentionally.14．Howdidthesecondstudydifferfromthefirststudy?A．Ithadfewerrounds. B．Itinvolvedmoreparticipants.C．Participantshadachangedtask. D．Participants’creativitygapbecamewider.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Powertendstoencouragecreativeideas.B．Changingtasksboostsalltheemployees’creativity.C．Warm-uptimecorrectscreativitypowerimbalances.D．Low-powerindividualsoutperformthehigh-powerones.【答案】12．D13．B14．C15．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，给予热身时间后，职位低的员工的创造力可以得到提升。12．细节理解题。根据第二段中““Understandingwaystoboostthecreativityoflowerpowerworkerscanhelpthemfindtherightwaytodealwiththislow-powerdisadvantage,”Lucassaid.(卢卡斯说：“了解如何提高低权力员工的创造力，可以帮助他们找到正确的方法来应对这种低权力的劣势。”)”可知，了解如何促进职位较低员工的创造力，能够帮助他们找到正确的方法来应对职位低的劣势，让他们产生更多创造性想法，从而促进工作场所更加公平公正。故选D。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Participantswererandomlyassignedtoahigh-powerconditionoralow-powercondition,andfeelingsofpowerweregeneratedwitharolemanipulation(操纵)whereparticipantsweregivenaleadershiproleandcontroloverresources(highpower)oranemployeerolewithnocontroloverresources(lowpower)(参与者被随机分配到高权力情境或低权力情境，并通过角色操纵产生权力感，参与者被赋予领导角色和控制资源的角色(高权力)或没有控制资源的员工角色(低权力)。)”可知，参与者的权力感是通过给予参与者不同的角色（leadership或employeerole）来产生的。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Inthesecondstudy,theresearchersgavethemadifferentcreativetaskandincreasedthenumberofroundsfromtwosessionstofive,takingaslongastheyliketocompletethetask(在第二项研究中，研究人员给了他们一项不同的创造性任务，并将回合数从两回合增加到五回合，只要他们愿意，就可以完成任务。)”可知，第二项研究中，任务发生了改变。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However,newresearchshowsthatemployeeswhoarenotinpositionsofpowercanbecomemorecreativewhengiventimeto“warmup”toataskbyengaginginthecreativetaskmorethanonce.(然而，新的研究表明，没有权力的员工如果有时间通过多次参与创造性任务来“热身”，他们会变得更有创造力。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍研究发现，一般情况下，职位高的员工比职位低的员工更具有创造力，但是热身环节可以激发职位低的员工的创造力，从而创造一个更加公平的工作环境,所以选择项C“Warm-uptimecorrectscreativitypowerimbalances.(热身能够纠正创造能力的不均衡。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Challengesarepartoflifeandsomethingwecanallexpecttoencounteratonepointoranotherduringourlifetime.Wehandlechallengesdifferently;someofuschoosetofacethemhead-on,whileothersfleeinuncertainty.16Thefollowingaresimplemethodsandstrategieswecanallemploytoovercomechallengesmoreeffectively.17Nikecouldn’thavesaiditanybetterwiththeirslogan,"Justdoit!"Somechallengesrequireustodojustthat.Grabthebullbyitshornsandhavethecouragetoconquerit,nomatterhowunsurewemightfeel.Somechallengesareurgentandrequireimmediateattention,leavinguswithnooptionbuttogoaheadfull-steam.Educateourselves.Thereasonwhysomeissuesprovechallengingforusisthatwearen’tfamiliarwiththem.18Theinternet,books,forums,etc.,offerplatformswherewecanresearchandlearnaboutourchallengestofindstrategiesagainstthem.Knowledgeisdefinitelypowerfulandessentialinconqueringanything.Bepersistent.Thisiswhatisrequiredtoaccomplishanything,especiallywhenitcomestoovercomingchallenges.Nomatterhowdifficultourchallengesmightbe,wemustbewillingtopushthroughandtryagainandagainuntilweachievevictoryoverthem.19Askforhelp.Therearetimeswhenwecan’tgoitaloneandneedotherstohelpusconquerwhateverchallengesweface.20Networkingwithlike-mindedindividualswhocanofferussupport,suggestions,andsolutionsisusefulinhelpingusovercomechallenges.A．Meetthemhead-on.B．Adaptadifferentstrategy.C．Itissaidthattwoheadsarebetterthanone.D．Ifwegiveup,weallowthechallengestoconquerusinstead.E．Therefore,ourknowledgeandabilitytoconquerthemislimited.F．Whateverourpositions,weallwishtoconquerthemandmoveon.G．Somechallengescanbeoverwhelming,makingusquestionourabilitytoovercomethem.【答案】16．F17．A18．E19．D20．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍应对挑战的方法。16．根据上文“Wehandlechallengesdifferently;someofuschoosetofacethemhead-on,whileothersfleeinuncertainty.”（我们应对挑战的方式各有不同；我们中的一些人选择拥抱并正面面对它们，而另一些人则在不确定中逃离。）根据下文“Thefollowingaresimplemethodsandstrategieswecanallemploytoovercomechallengesmoreeffectively.”（下面是一些简单的方法和策略，我们都可以用来更有效地克服挑战。）可知，该句承上启下，说明无论如何，我们都要克服困难。故F选项“无论我们的立场是什么，我们都希望克服它们并继续前进。”切题。故选F项。17．根据下文“Nikecouldn’thavesaiditanybetterwiththeirslogan,“Justdoit!”Somechallengesrequireustodojustthat.Grabthebullbyitshornsandhavethecouragetoconquerit,nomatterhowunsurewemightfeel.Somechallengesareurgentandrequireimmediateattention,leavinguswithnooptionbuttogoaheadfull-steam.”（耐克用他们的口号“Justdoit!”来表达这一点再好不过了。有些挑战要求我们这样做。无论我们感觉多么不确定，请迎难而上，勇敢征服困难。有些挑战是紧迫的，需要立即关注，我们别无选择，只能全力以赴。）由此可知，该段主要讲述A选项“直面挑战”。故选A项。18．根据上文“Thereasonwhysomeissuesprovechallengingforusisthatwearen’tfamiliarwiththem.”（有些问题对我们来说具有挑战性的原因是我们不熟悉它们。）空处承接上文说明不熟悉导致的结果。故E选项“因此，我们征服它们的知识和能力是有限的”切题。此处them与上一句呼应。故选E项。19．根据上文“Nomatterhowdifficultourchallengesmightbe,wemustbewillingtopushthroughandtryagainandagainuntilweachievevictoryoverthem.”（无论挑战有多么困难，我们都必须愿意坚持下去，一次又一次地尝试，直到取得胜利。）可知，空处为前一句内容的补充，故D选项“如果我们放弃，我们反过来就会让挑战征服我们。”为反向叙述后果，切题。故选D项。20．根据上文“Therearetimeswhenwecan’tgoitaloneandneedotherstohelpusconquerwhateverchallengesweface.”（有时我们无法独自应对，需要他人来帮助我们克服所面临的任何挑战。）可知，人多力量大，与志同道合的人建立联系，他们可以为我们提供支持、建议或解决方案，而这些建议有助于帮助我们克服挑战。故C选项“俗语说：人人多力量大”切题。故选C项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwas68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastandupcomedianin2003.I’dneversetfootinacomedy21before.I’vealwaysbeena(n)22—I’veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician—butallthatcametoanendafter9/11.IliveinNewYork,andwewatchedthe23towersfallfrommyapartmentbuilding.Forayearafterwards,nobodywantedtogooutorbe24.ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutcomedy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittle25Icoulddoit.Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine,andfinally26thecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.Ihadnoideawhattheaudiencewould27ofme.InNewYork,comediansare28youngmenwithbeards.It’shardenoughto29throughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother.AsIsteppedonstagethatfirsttime,peoplelaughednervously.Theywereclearly30toseeme.Iintroducedmyself,statedmyageandtriedmyfirstjoke.Therewas31.ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.Iwas32.Nowmysetsdiffer.Imightbeonstagefor10minutesinfrontofadozenpeople,ormyone-womanshowisafullhourinfrontofacrowdof100.Afterashow,peopleyoungandoldcomeuptome,sayingwhata(n)33Iam.Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasmewhenthey34myage.I’mpleasedIcanshowthatasanolderpersonyoudon’tneedtotakea35seatinlife.”21．A．club B．society C．stage D．site22．A．audience B．performer C．worker D．producer23．A．modern B．beautiful C．grand D．picturesque24．A．entertained B．seen C．active D．public25．A．exercise B．practice C．training D．meditation26．A．heldon B．gottogether C．tookup D．pluckedup27．A．make B．react C．criticize D．applaud28．A．exclusively B．typically C．rarely D．occasionally29．A．fight B．rise C．stand D．break30．A．amused B．expected C．surprised D．indifferent31．A．silence B．hesitation C．disbelief D．applause32．A．bored B．addicted C．disinterested D．unexpected33．A．reminder B．motivation C．challenge D．inspiration34．A．reach B．arrive C．approach D．surpass35．A．dominant B．leading C．back D．passive【答案】21．A22．B23．C24．A25．C26．D27．A28．B29．D30．C31．A32．B33．D34．A35．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名喜剧演员，在老年时期重新开始了表演生涯的经历，尽管面对年龄和性别上的挑战，她通过勇气和决心克服了困难，并赢得了观众的喜爱和尊重。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以前从未涉足过喜剧俱乐部。A.club俱乐部；B.society社会；C.stage舞台；D.site现场。由下文“I’veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician—butallthatcametoanendafter9/11(我曾经是一名歌手、演员和音乐家——但这一切都在9/11之后结束了)”和“ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutcomedy.(就在那时，我开始思考喜剧)”可知，9/11事件后作者开始思考喜剧，可得出作者以前从未涉足过喜剧俱乐部。故选A项。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直是一名表演者——我曾经是一名歌手、演员和音乐家——但这一切都在9/11之后结束了。A.audience观众；B.performer表演者；C.worker工人；D.producer生产商。由下文“I’veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician”可知，作者曾经是一名歌手、演员和音乐家，一直是一名表演者。故选B项。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我住在纽约，我们看着宏伟的塔楼从我的公寓楼倒塌。A.modern现代的；B.beautiful美丽的；C.grand宏伟的；D.picturesque优美的。由上文“9/11”和常识可知，9/11事件中恐怖分子劫持客机撞击世贸大厦，宏伟的塔楼被撞倒塌。故选C项。24．考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：在那之后的一年里，没有人想出去或娱乐。A.entertained娱乐；B.seen看见；C.active积极的；D.public公共的。由上文“I’veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician—butallthatcametoanendafter9/11(我曾经是一名歌手、演员和音乐家——但这一切都在9/11之后结束了)”可知，911恐怖袭击后人们回避外出或娱乐活动。故选A项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到人们需要笑，重新享受生活，并认为只要一点训练我就能做到。A.exercise锻炼；B.practice练习；C.training训练；D.meditation冥想。由下文“Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine(我上了几节课，试着找出一些套路)”可知，作者认为开始喜剧表演只需稍加训练。故选C项。26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我上了几节课，试着找出一些套路，最后鼓起勇气站上舞台。A.heldon继续；B.gottogether聚在一起；C.tookup占据；D.pluckedup鼓起勇气、振作。由下文“thecouragetogetuponstage”和“Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.(第一次太可怕了)”可知，作者初涉喜剧，感到害怕，所以要鼓起勇气站上舞台。故选D项。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道观众会怎么看我。A.make制作；B.react反应；C.criticize批评；D.applaud鼓掌。由上文“finally_____thecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying(最后鼓起勇气站上舞台。第一次太可怕了)”可知，作者第一次站在喜剧舞台上感到害怕，需要鼓起勇气站上舞台，该空应表明作者产生此种心理的原因，担忧观众对自己的看法，makeof(看待)。故选A项。28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在纽约，喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人。A.exclusively唯一地；B.typically通常；C.rarely很少；D.occasionally偶尔。由下文“youngmenwithbeards”可知，此处指喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人。故选B项。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个女人很难突破，对于一个年纪大到已经是他们祖母的人来说更是如此。A.fight战斗；B.rise上升；C.stand站立；D.break打破。由上文“InNewYork,comediansare_____youngmenwithbeards.(在纽约，喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人)”可知，喜剧演员一般是男性，所以作为一位上了年纪的女性，很难取得突破（breakthrough）。故选D项。30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们看到我显然很惊讶。A.amused好笑的；B.expected预期的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.indifferent漠不关心的。由上文“InNewYork,comediansare_____youngmenwithbeards.(在纽约，喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人)”和“someoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother(一个年纪大到已经是他们祖母的人)”可知，喜剧演员一般是年轻男性，而作者是一位上了年纪的女性，所以她的登台会让观众感到惊讶。故选C项。31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一片沉默。A.silence沉默；B.hesitation犹豫；C.disbelief不相信；D.applause掌声。由下文“ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.(但当我讲到第三句话时，人们都在笑)”中“But”可知，上下文有转折关系，下文讲说到第三句话时人们都在笑，说明在此之前大家都保持沉默，构成转折。故选A项。32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我上瘾了。A.bored无聊的；B.addicted上瘾的；C.disinterested客观的；D.unexpected出乎意料的。由上文“ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.(但当我讲到第三句话时，人们都在笑)”可知，大家认可作者讲的笑话，作者有成就感，所以对表演喜剧上瘾了。故选B项。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：演出结束后，年轻人和老年人都走到我面前，说我是一个多么鼓舞人心的人。A.reminder提醒；B.motivation动机；C.challenge挑战；D.inspiration鼓舞人心的人（或事物）。由下文“Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasme(他们说，他们想和我一样活跃)”可知，作者的行为鼓舞了看表演的年轻人和老年人，他们才会想要成为和作者一样活跃的人。故选D项。34．考查动