高考冲刺资源【培优冲刺专练01】 名词的数与词形转化（含答案解析）

专题01名词的数与词形转化培优冲刺专练时间：30分钟一、单句语法填空1.（2024·江西赣州·一模）TheVBAhassparkedatrendoforganizingvillagebasketballeventsacrossthecountry,reflectingthe(enthusiastic)oftheChinesepeopleforgrassrootssports.2.（2024·广西·一模）Her(propose)mightbeoneofthemosteffectivewaystohelpresolvetheproblem.（2024·山东青岛·一模）“BrandsshouldcapitalizeontraditionalChineseculturetolaunchmoreinnovative(product),”aresearchfellowsaid,stressing(stress)thatSpringFestivalisthetraditionalfestivalChinesepeopleattachthemostimportanceto,andit’salsoapeakseasonforconsumption.（2024·广东·一模）Her(commit)toculturalpreservationandruraldevelopmentwasrecognizedin2019,whentheChinawomen’sHandicraftInnovationandEntrepreneurshipCompetitionwasheld(hold)andZhang’sinnovativedesigncollectionwontophonors.5.（2024·四川成都·二模）Italsoreflectsthevaluesof180(diverse)andinclusionpromotedbytheUnitedNations,hesaid.6.（2024·湖南衡阳·一模）EastChina’sZhejiangprovinceisacknowledgedasamajor5(produce)oftea.7.（2024·山东聊城·一模）YadingisoneofChina’sbestkept19(secret).Whetheryou’reanaturelover,ahikingenthusiast,orjustlongingtoescape(escape)thehustleandbustle(喧嚣)ofcitylife,Yadingisundoubtedlyworthyofaplaceonyourtravelbucketlist.8.（2024·湖南张家界·二模）"Theservicenotonlyfurther（far）facilitatestheflowofpeopleandtradebetween:ChinaandLaos,butpromotestherecoveryoftourismandother24（industry）,andbringsvitalitytothedevelopmentbetweenthesetwocountries."saidWangWenbin,spokesmanfortheMinistryofForeignAffairs,atanewsconferenceonThursday.9.（2024·湖南长沙·一模）TheUNGeneralAssembly,inaresolution,acknowledgesthe31(significant)oftheLunarNewYearandinvitestheUNbodiesatheadquartersandotherdutystationstoavoidholding(hold)meetingsontheLunarNewYear.10.（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·一模）Afterthe(establish)ofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,thecountrycontinuedtoplacespecialemphasisonpreserving(preserve)andpassingdowntheweavingtechnique,foundingtheNanjingYunjinResearchInstitutein1957.语篇填空Passage1（2024·河南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinahassetupits1(one)deepspaceexplorationlaboratorywiththepurposeofcarryingoutdeepspaceexplorationaswellascutting-edgetechnologyresearchinthefieldofspaceflight.Thelaboratory,2(locate)inAnhuiprovince,isanewtypeofscienceandtechnologyresearchanddevelopmentinstitutionthatrealizestheintegrationofscience,technologyandengineering.Thelaboratoryis3(support)deepspaceexplorationandcarryoutfrontier,4(base)andstrategicresearchinthefield.Itwillalsoundertakeresearchanddemonstration.Thelaboratoryisanopenplatform5internationaltalentscancometowork.Afterthe6(complete)oftheTianwenⅠmission,ChinawillalsoplananumberofTianwenseriesofplanetaryexplorationmissionstoexplorethevastnessofspace.7willbetheTianwenⅡ,TianwenⅢ,TianwenⅣ,etc.Themaintaskofthefollow-upistoexploretheasteroids(小行星)indeepspace.Theasteroidsamples8(collect)back.Afterthat,ChinawillbepreparedtoexploreJupiterandotherplanetsinthesolarsystem,9(hope)tocompletetheexplorationof100astronomicalunitsin2049,toreach15billionkilometersfromEarth,oreven10theedgeofthesolarsystem.Passage2（2024·山东菏泽·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thedragon,orloonginChinese,istheonlyimaginarycreatureamongthe12Chinesezodiacsigns(生肖).Ithasbeenpresentinlegendsforthousandsofyears,and1(recognize)asanationaltotem(图腾)andhasalong-heldspiritualimportanceinChineseculture.Accordingtothelegends,thedragoniscapableofchanging2(it)sizeandvisibilityatwill.Itcanbefoundflyingthroughthecloudsonthespringequinox(chunfen),or3(hide)inwaterontheautumnequinox(qiufen).Its4(mystery)powers—particularlyitscontroloverrain—5(be)centraltoagriculturalsociety.TheluckycreaturewashistoricallyassociatedwiththeEast,6usedasasymboltorepresentimperialpower,explainingthesignificanceofthedragoninChineseculture.DragonscanbefoundthroughoutancientChineseart.ThejadeJuedragonfromtheLiaoningProvincialInstituteofCulturalRelicsandArchaeology7(date)backaround7,000yearstotheNeolithicperiodbetween5,500BCto5,000BC．Itis8objectfromthelateHongshancultureperiod.Ithasalargehead,withpointedearsandprotruding(突出的)jaws.Jueobjectsarewidelybelievedtobetheearliest9(image)ofthedragon,andarchaeologistshavesupposedthattheimagecould10(original)havebeenbasedonapig,bearorevenasilkworm.Passage3（2024·山东济宁·一模）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Recently,aChinesecollegeresearchteamhasreleasedChina’sfirstlargelanguagemodel(LLM)“Xunzi”,1usesdeeplearningtechniquesandmassivelybigdatasetstohelpconductresearchonancientChinesebooks.Withthemodel,moreinformationhiddeninourculturallegacycan2(mine)for.Thismodel,named3XunZi,oneofthemostcelebratedphilosophersinancientChinaforhisConfucianclassicXunzi,4(comprise)themajorityofChineseancientbooksanddocuments.5(design)tointelligentlyprocessancienttexts,thesystemaimstopromoteinnovativedevelopmentintheresearchandpreservationofChineseancientbooks,enhancetheefficiencyandqualityofthelegacyoftraditionalChineseculture,6boostintegrationbetweenLLMandancientbookprocessing.TheresearchonChinesetraditionalclassicsis7painstakingandlaboriouschallenge.Since2013,theteamhaveworkedtirelesslytodigitizeChineseclassicsliketheSikuQuanshu,8(lay)asolidfoundationforthelargelanguagemodel.Committedtothephilosophyofmakingtheirdataandmodel9(access)worldwide,theteamhaveabroaderperspectivetargetingglobalusers.Tothisend,theyhave10(handsome)sharedtheLLMontheInternet,enablingmoreindividualstoappreciatetraditionalChineseculture.

专题01名词的数与词形转化培优冲刺专练时间：30分钟一、单句语法填空1.（2024·江西赣州·一模）TheVBAhassparkedatrendoforganizingvillagebasketballeventsacrossthecountry,reflectingthe(enthusiastic)oftheChinesepeopleforgrassrootssports.【答案】enthusiasm【解析】考查名词。句意：VBA在全国掀起了一股组织乡村篮球赛事的潮流，反映了中国人对基层体育的热情。空格处用名词作宾语，enthusiastic的名词是enthusiasm，是不可数名词，意为“热情”。故填enthusiasm。2.（2024·广西·一模）Her(propose)mightbeoneofthemosteffectivewaystohelpresolvetheproblem.【答案】proposal【解析】考查名词。句意：她的建议可能是帮助解决这个问题的最有效的方法之一。propose是个动词，意思是“提出建议”，横线前有her，说明横线处应该填名词，propose的名词是proposal，故答案是proposal。（2024·山东青岛·一模）“BrandsshouldcapitalizeontraditionalChineseculturetolaunchmoreinnovative(product),”aresearchfellowsaid,stressing(stress)thatSpringFestivalisthetraditionalfestivalChinesepeopleattachthemostimportanceto,andit’salsoapeakseasonforconsumption.【答案】products【解析】考查名词。句意：一位研究员表示:“品牌应该利用中国传统文化来推出更多创新产品。”他强调春节是中国人最重视的传统节日，也是消费旺季。空处需填名词作宾语，product为可数名词，结合“more”可知，此处使用名词复数形式。故填products。（2024·广东·一模）Her(commit)toculturalpreservationandruraldevelopmentwasrecognizedin2019,whentheChinawomen’sHandicraftInnovationandEntrepreneurshipCompetitionwasheld(hold)andZhang’sinnovativedesigncollectionwontophonors.【答案】commitment【解析】考查名词。句意：2019年，中国妇女手工艺创新创业大赛举办，她对文化保护和农村发展的贡献得到了认可，她的创新设计系列获得了最高荣誉。结合空前的Her可知，此处用名词作主语，commitment“奉献，投入”，不可数名词，故填commitment。5.（2024·四川成都·二模）Italsoreflectsthevaluesof180(diverse)andinclusionpromotedbytheUnitedNations,hesaid.【答案】diversity【解析】考查名词。句意：他说，这也反映了联合国倡导的多样性和包容性的价值观。作介词of的宾语应用名词diversity。故填diversity。6.（2024·湖南衡阳·一模）EastChina’sZhejiangprovinceisacknowledgedasamajor5(produce)oftea.【答案】producer【解析】考查名词。句意：中国东部的浙江省被认为是茶叶的主要生产商。空处用名词producer“生产商”，结合空前的a可知，用单数形式，作宾语。故填producer。7.（2024·山东聊城·一模）YadingisoneofChina’sbestkept19(secret).Whetheryou’reanaturelover,ahikingenthusiast,orjustlongingtoescape(escape)thehustleandbustle(喧嚣)ofcitylife,Yadingisundoubtedlyworthyofaplaceonyourtravelbucketlist.【答案】secrets【解析】考查名词的数。句意：亚丁是中国保守得最好的秘密之一。此处为oneof+最高级+可数名词复数。故填secrets。8.（2024·湖南张家界·二模）"Theservicenotonlyfurther（far）facilitatestheflowofpeopleandtradebetween:ChinaandLaos,butpromotestherecoveryoftourismandother24（industry）,andbringsvitalitytothedevelopmentbetweenthesetwocountries."saidWangWenbin,spokesmanfortheMinistryofForeignAffairs,atanewsconferenceonThursday.【答案】industries【解析】考查名词的数。句意：外交部发言人汪文斌在周四的新闻发布会上说：“这项服务不仅进一步促进了中老两国之间的人员流动和贸易往来，还促进了旅游业和其他行业的复苏，为两国的发展带来了活力。这是中国和东南亚国家联盟国家致力于BRI和促进区域经济一体化的典范项目。”根据空前的“other”以及句意可知，空处为可数名词的复数形式。故填industries。9.（2024·湖南长沙·一模）TheUNGeneralAssembly,inaresolution,acknowledgesthe31(significant)oftheLunarNewYearandinvitestheUNbodiesatheadquartersandotherdutystationstoavoidholding(hold)meetingsontheLunarNewYear.【答案】significance【解析】考查名词。句意：联合国大会在一项决议中承认农历新年的重要性，并邀请总部和其他工作地点的联合国机构避免在农历新年举行会议。空处需要名词作acknowledges的宾语，significant的名词形式是significance，表示“重要性”。故填significance。10.（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·一模）Afterthe(establish)ofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,thecountrycontinuedtoplacespecialemphasisonpreserving(preserve)andpassingdowntheweavingtechnique,foundingtheNanjingYunjinResearchInstitutein1957.【答案】establishment【解析】考查名词。句意：1949年中华人民共和国成立后，国家继续特别重视织造技术的保存和传承，1957年成立了南京云锦研究所。空处作宾语，应填名词；establish是个动词，意思是“建立”，名词是在后面添加词缀-ment，抽象概念，不可数。故答案是establishment。语篇填空Passage1（2024·河南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinahassetupits1(one)deepspaceexplorationlaboratorywiththepurposeofcarryingoutdeepspaceexplorationaswellascutting-edgetechnologyresearchinthefieldofspaceflight.Thelaboratory,2(locate)inAnhuiprovince,isanewtypeofscienceandtechnologyresearchanddevelopmentinstitutionthatrealizestheintegrationofscience,technologyandengineering.Thelaboratoryis3(support)deepspaceexplorationandcarryoutfrontier,4(base)andstrategicresearchinthefield.Itwillalsoundertakeresearchanddemonstration.Thelaboratoryisanopenplatform5internationaltalentscancometowork.Afterthe6(complete)oftheTianwenⅠmission,ChinawillalsoplananumberofTianwenseriesofplanetaryexplorationmissionstoexplorethevastnessofspace.7willbetheTianwenⅡ,TianwenⅢ,TianwenⅣ,etc.Themaintaskofthefollow-upistoexploretheasteroids(小行星)indeepspace.Theasteroidsamples8(collect)back.Afterthat,ChinawillbepreparedtoexploreJupiterandotherplanetsinthesolarsystem,9(hope)tocompletetheexplorationof100astronomicalunitsin2049,toreach15billionkilometersfromEarth,oreven10theedgeofthesolarsystem.【答案】1．first2．located3．tosupport4．basic5．where6．completion7．There8．willbecollected9．hoping10．to【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国设立首个深空探测实验室的情况，该实验室旨在开展深空探测和航天领域的尖端技术研究。1．考查序数词。句意：中国成立了第一个深空探测实验室，旨在开展深空探测和航天领域的前沿技术研究。提示词作定语，表示“第一个”，用序数词first。故填first。2．考查非谓语动词。句意：实验室位于安徽省境内，是实现科学、技术、工程一体化的新型科技研发机构。“(locate)inAnhuiprovince,”作后置定语，locate(把……建在)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语laboratory之间是被动关系，用过去分词。故填located。3．考查非谓语动词。句意：深空实验室支持深空探测，开展深空前沿、基础和战略研究。分析句子可知，“(support)deepspaceexploration”作表语，support是非谓语动词，用不定式表示深空实验室未来的用途。故填tosupport。4．考查形容词。句意：深空实验室支持深空探测，开展深空前沿、基础和战略研究。提示词作定语修饰名词research，用形容词basic，意为“基础的，基本的”，与形容词strategic构成并列关系。故填basic。5．考查定语从句。句意：实验室是一个开放的平台，国际人才可以来这里工作。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词platform，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这个平台上”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。6．考查名词。句意：在完成天问一号任务后，中国还将规划多个“天问”系列行星探测任务，探索浩瀚的太空。提示词作宾语，用名词completion，意为“完成”，不可数名词。故填completion。7．考查therebe句型。句意：会有天问二号、天问三号、天问四号等。表示“有；存在”，用therebe句型，句首单词首字母大写。故填There。8．考查动词时态和语态。句意：小行星的样本将被收集回来。分析句子可知，collect(收集)是句中谓语动词，与主语samples(样本)之间是被动关系，根据语境可知，描述未来的太空探测任务，应使用一般将来时态。综上，谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填willbecollected。9．考查非谓语动词。句意：之后，中国将准备探索木星等太阳系行星，希望在2049年完成100个天文单位的探测，到达距离地球150亿公里，甚至到达太阳系边缘。“(hope)tocompletetheexplorationof100astronomicalunitsin2049,toreach15billionkilometersfromEarth,oreven10theedgeofthesolarsystem.”作伴随状语，hope(希望)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动，作伴随状语。故填hoping。10．考查介词。句意：之后，中国将准备探索木星等太阳系行星，希望在2049年完成100个天文单位的探测，到达距离地球150亿公里，甚至到达太阳系边缘。结合上文“toreach15billionkilometersfromEarth”可推知，这里表示“甚至到达太阳系边缘”，用totheedgeof...。故填to。Passage2（2024·山东菏泽·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thedragon,orloonginChinese,istheonlyimaginarycreatureamongthe12Chinesezodiacsigns(生肖).Ithasbeenpresentinlegendsforthousandsofyears,and1(recognize)asanationaltotem(图腾)andhasalong-heldspiritualimportanceinChineseculture.Accordingtothelegends,thedragoniscapableofchanging2(it)sizeandvisibilityatwill.Itcanbefoundflyingthroughthecloudsonthespringequinox(chunfen),or3(hide)inwaterontheautumnequinox(qiufen).Its4(mystery)powers—particularlyitscontroloverrain—5(be)centraltoagriculturalsociety.TheluckycreaturewashistoricallyassociatedwiththeEast,6usedasasymboltorepresentimperialpower,explainingthesignificanceofthedragoninChineseculture.DragonscanbefoundthroughoutancientChineseart.ThejadeJuedragonfromtheLiaoningProvincialInstituteofCulturalRelicsandArchaeology7(date)backaround7,000yearstotheNeolithicperiodbetween5,500BCto5,000BC．Itis8objectfromthelateHongshancultureperiod.Ithasalargehead,withpointedearsandprotruding(突出的)jaws.Jueobjectsarewidelybelievedtobetheearliest9(image)ofthedragon,andarchaeologistshavesupposedthattheimagecould10(original)havebeenbasedonapig,bearorevenasilkworm.【答案】1．isrecognized2．its3．hiding4．mysterious5．were6．and7．dates8．an9．images10．originally【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于十二生肖中唯一一个虚构的生肖动物龙的一些背景知识。1．考查谓语动词时态语态。句意：几千年来，它一直存在于传说中，被认为是一个民族图腾，在中国文化中具有长期的精神重要性。该空所给动词recognize意为“认为，认可”在句中作谓语，与主语It(dragon)为被动关系，应使用被动语态；陈述现在的事实，应使用一般现在时，主语为指代单数名词的代词，助动词be应使用单数形式。故填isrecognized。2．考查代词。句意：根据传说，龙可以随意改变自己的大小和可见度。该空需要形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词size和visibility。故填its。3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在春分的时候，人们可以看到它飞过云层，或者在秋分的时候躲在水里。该空所给动词hide在句中与flying并列作主语补足语，与主语It为主动关系。befounddoing意为“被发现做某事”。故填hiding。4．考查形容词。句意：它的神秘力量——尤其是对雨水的控制——对农业社会至关重要。该空需要一个形容词作定语修饰名词powers，所给提示词mystery为名词，其形容词拼写为mysterious。故填mysterious。5．考查时态与主谓一致。句意：它的神秘力量——尤其是对雨水的控制——对农业社会至关重要。空处为句子谓语动词，根据后面的agriculturalsociety及下一句的时态可知，本句是在介绍古代以农业为主的社会时期的情况，应使用一般过去时，主语powers为名词复数。故填were。6．考查连词。句意：这种幸运的生物在历史上与东方联系在一起，并被用作象征皇权的象征，解释了龙在中国文化中的重要性。该空后面的usedas和前面的washistoricallyassociatedwith并列作谓语，省略和前面一样的助动词was该空需要一个并列连词。故填and。7．考查时态。句意：辽宁省文物考古研究所的玉珏龙可以追溯到大约7000年前的新石器时代，即公元前5500年至公元前5000年。所给动词date在句中作谓语，动词短语dateback无被动语态，本句陈述客观事实使用一般现在时态，主语dragon为单数名词，谓语动词使用单三形式。故填dates。8．考查冠词。句意：它是一个红山文化晚期的器物。空后名词object为可数名词单数，此处泛指，应填不定冠词，该名词开头是元音音素，故填an。9．考查名词单复数。句意：人们普遍认为，这些珏类器物是最早的龙的形象，考古学家认为，这一形象最初可能是基于猪、熊甚至是蚕的形象。该空所给名词image为可数名词，在句中作表语，其主语为复数名词objects，所以该空应填名词复数形式。故填images。10．考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为，这些珏类器物是最早的龙的形象，考古学家认为，这一形象最初可能是基于猪、熊甚至是蚕的形象。该空需要一个副词作状语，提示词original的副词形式为originally。故填originally。Passage3（2024·山东济宁·一模）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Recently,aChinesecollegeresearchteamhasreleasedChina’sfirstlargelanguagemodel(LLM)“Xunzi”,1usesdeeplearningtechniquesandmassivelybigdatasetstohelpconductresearchonancientChinesebooks.Withthemodel,moreinformationhiddeninourculturallegacycan2(mine)for.Thismodel,named3XunZi,oneofthemostcelebratedphilosophersinancientChinaforhisConfucianclassicXunzi,4(comprise)themajorityofChineseancientbooksanddocuments.5(design)tointelligentlyprocessancienttexts,thesystemaimstopromoteinnovativedevelopmentintheresearchandpreservationofChineseancientbooks,enhancetheefficiencyandqualityofthelegacyoftraditionalChineseculture,6boostintegrationbetweenLLMandancientbookprocessing.TheresearchonChinesetraditionalclassicsis7painstakingandlaboriouschallenge.Since2013,theteamhaveworkedtirelesslytodigitizeChineseclassicsliketheSikuQuanshu,8(lay)asolidfoundationforthelargelanguagemodel.Committedtothephilosophyofmakingtheirdataandmodel9(access)worldwide,theteamhaveabroaderperspectivetargetingglobalusers.Tothisend,theyhave1