北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT3 Section Ⅱ Lesson2 Lesson3讲义

SectionⅡLESSON2&LESSON3Ⅰ.匹配词义A．单词匹配()1.packet A．adj.usingmoreofsth.thanisnecessary()2.consumer B．n.小包，小盒()3.wasteful C．n.apersonwhobuys goodsorusesservices()4.transportation D．adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的()5.innovative E．n.交通运输系统，运输方式()6.refillable F．adj.thatcanbeusedagain()7.reusable G．adj.可再填充的()8.chopsticks H．n.气，气体()9.council I．n.agroupofpeoplechosentogiveadvice， makerules，doresearch()10.gas J．n.筷子B．短语匹配()1.setout A．焦虑的()2.stressedout B．开始做某事，着手进行()3.berelatedto C．交通堵塞()4.trafficjam D．与……有关联Ⅱ.默写单词1．________vt. 包，裹2．________n. 灰尘，尘土3．________adj. 现实的，实际的4．________adj. 卡住的，无法移动的5．________n. 拥挤，堵塞；果酱6．________adj. 烦恼的，生气的7．________n. 愤怒；怒气8．________n. 十年，十年期9．________vi. 相联系，有关联10．________adj. 定期的，有规律的Ⅰ.语境填词cancer；wrapping；relate；dirt；suit；refillable；council；decade；innovative；aware1．Hewaswearingalight-grey____________overashirt.2．BritishRailhasindeedbecomemorecommercialoverthepast________．3．Hespenttheevening________uptheChristmaspresents.4．Thecompanymanufacturesarangeof________light-weightcycles.5．Useasafe________containerandfillyourownbottlesrightfromyourtap.6．Smokersarewell________ofthedangerstotheirownhealth.7．The________conductedasurveyoftheusestowhichfarmbuildingsareput.8．Ifounditdifficultto________thetwoideasinmymind.9．Janewasjust25whenshelearnedshehad________．10．Theworkerquicklyclearedawaythe________thatwaschokingupthechimney.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Thepriceincreaseswerepassedonbythefirmto________(consume)．2．Attractive________(package)canhelptosellproducts.3．The________(transport)ofgoodsbyaircostsalot.4．Itisashametobeso________(waste)．5．Ourincomehasgotsmaller，sowemustbe________(real)andgiveupourcar.6．Therewillbeaprizeforthemost________(innovate)design.7．Thereisa________(regularly)busservicetotheairport.8．Hernewbookisa____________(collect)ofshortstories.9．Takethetimetoexplainwhyyoushopwith________(reuse)bags.10．Hisattitudemademeextremely________(annoy)．1．Howoftendowearriveatworkorschool，stressedout，tiredandangry?又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学校时____________________?2．Butpersonalangerandstressarenothingcomparedtotherealcostssocially.但是和真正的社会损失相比，________________________________。3．Trafficisoneofthemajorcausesofglobalwarmingandclimatechange，ascarenginesproducevarioustypesofgreenhousegases.交通是导致全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，__________________。4．Sometimesitcantakealittlebitlonger，butsowhat?有时乘坐公共交通工具可能需要更长的时间，________________？5．Weoftenthinkthereisnothingwecandoaboutthenoise,pollutionanddangeroftraffic.我们常常认为________________________________________________。课文助读①godowntown去市区②roadworksn．道路施工③howoften多长时间一次④getstuckintrafficjams遇上交通阻塞⑤stressedout焦虑的⑥personalanger个人的愤怒⑦comparedto与……相比⑧goupby25%上升25%⑨overthelastdecade在过去十年中⑩anaverageof平均⑪majorcauses主要原因⑫varioustypesof各种类型的⑬greenhousegases温室气体⑭berelatedto与……有关⑮trafficpollution交通污染⑯bebadfor对……有害⑰makeexcuses找借口⑱tobefrank说实话⑲beaddictedto对……上瘾⑳asksb.foradviceabout向某人征求关于……的建议㉑insteadof而不是㉒keepsb.fit保持某人健康㉓regularexercise定期的锻炼㉔cuttheriskofheartdisease降低患心脏病的风险㉕upto多达㉖atleast至少㉗alittlebitlonger更长一点㉘sowhat那又怎样㉙whatabout...……怎么样㉚aroundthecorner在拐角处㉛getinto进入㉜share...with和某人分享……㉝bekindtotheenvironment环保㉞takeaction采取行动㉟donothingabout对……无能为力㊱befullofheavytraffic交通拥挤㊲speedlimit限速㊳suitsb.适合某人㊴sitaround闲坐着㊵improveourenvironment改善我们的环境㊶pickupmydaughterfromschool去学校接我的女儿㊷havegotto不得不㊸dotheshopping购物㊹afterthat在那之后原文呈现THEROADTODESTRUCTIONPart1“Thismorning，ittookme40minutestogodowntown①.Moreroadworks②ontheA10！”“Ohreally？Ittookmeoveranhour.TherewasanaccidentontheM11.”Howoften③haveyouheardtheseconversations？Howoftendowegetstuckintrafficjams④？Howoftendowearriveatworkorschool，stressedout⑤，tiredandangry？Formanypeople，theansweriseveryday.Butpersonalanger⑥andstressarenothingcomparedto⑦therealcostssocially.HerearesomefiguresaboutBritain：·Inthelast20years，thenumberofcarsontheroadshasgoneupby25%⑧.Therearenow32millioncars.·Overthelastdecade⑨，anaverageof⑩2，500peoplehavediedeveryyearinvehicleaccidents.·Trafficisoneofthemajorcauses⑪ofglobalwarmingandclimatechange，ascarenginesproducevarioustypesof⑫greenhousegases⑬(1)．(1)as引导原因状语从句。·Almost30，000deathsperyeararecausedbyairpollution.·Sometypesofcancerarerelatedto⑭trafficpollution⑮.Part2Weknowthatcarsarebadfor⑯us.Butweallmakeexcuses⑰：“Thebusesareterrible”；“Thetrainsarealwayslate”；“Ihaven'tgottimetowalk”．I'mtalkingaboutmyself，too.Tobefrank⑱，I'maddictedto⑲mycar.WhenIaskedafriendworkingforagreen-livingorganisationforadviceabout⑳howtogiveup(2)，shetoldmefivethings：(2)when引导时间状语从句。·Useyourlegs.In2014，over55%ofcarjourneyswereundereightkilometres.Insteadof㉑takingshortcarjourneys，wecouldeasilywalkorcycle.Legpowercansaveyourmoney，keepyoufit㉒andhelpyoulivelonger.Regularexercise㉓alsocutstheriskofheartdisease㉔by50%!·Usepublictransport.Upto㉕90peoplecantravelinonebus，whilethesamenumberwillneedatleast㉖18cars.(3)Sometimesitcantakealittlebitlonger㉗，butsowhat㉘？Youcanrelax，readabook，talktosomeone—whoknows?(3)while连接表示对比关系的并列句。·Thinkbeforeyougo.Doyoureallyhavetogotothatshoppingcentreontheothersideoftown？Whatabout㉙theshopsaroundthecorner㉚？Beforeyougetinto㉛yourcar，thinkaboutwhetheryoureallyneedtomakethatjourney.(4)(4)句中before引导时间状语从句；whether...thatjourney为宾语从句。·Sharecars.Ifyoureallyhavetouseacar(5)，sharejourneyswith㉜someoneelse.Itismuchcheaperandkindertotheenvironment㉝.(5)if引导条件状语从句。·Takeaction㉞！Weoftenthinkthereisnothingwecandoabout㉟thenoise，pollutionanddangeroftraffic.(6)Thereis.Ifyourstreetisfullofheavytraffic㊱(7)，talktoyourneighboursaboutit.Writetothepapers.Gotothecitygovernment.Askforaspeedlimit㊲.Dowhicheverofthesethingsthatsuityou㊳(8)．Don'tjustsitaround㊴andcomplain!(6)句中谓语动词think后为省略了that的宾语从句，其中we...oftraffic为定语从句，修饰先行词nothing。(7)if引导条件状语从句。(8)that引导定语从句。Allquitesimple，isn'tit？Fiveeasywaystoimproveourenvironment㊵.Well，I'msorryIhavetofinishthisarticle(9)，butI'vegottopickupmydaughterfromschool㊶at4pm.ThenI'vegotto㊷drivetothesupermarkettodotheshopping㊸.Afterthat㊹，Ihavetotakemysontoaparty.Thetrafficisgoingtobehorrible，butwhatcanIdo?(9)省略that的原因状语从句。译文参考毁灭之路第一部分“今天早上，我花了40分钟才到市区。A10公路要大修！”“哦，真的吗？我花了一个多小时。在M11公路上发生了一起事故。”你经常听到这些对话吗？有多少次我们碰到交通阻塞而动弹不得？又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢？对许多人来说，答案是每天。但是和真正的社会损失相比，个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提。以下是一些关于英国的数据：·在过去的二十年里，路上行驶的汽车数量增加了25%。现在有3200万辆汽车。·在过去十年中，平均每年有2500人死于交通事故。·交通是导致全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，因为汽车发动机会产生各种类型的温室气体。·每年有近3万人死于空气污染。·有些癌症与交通污染有关。第二部分我们知道汽车对我们有害。但我们都在找借口：“公共汽车太糟糕了”“火车总是晚点”“我没有时间走路”。我也在说服我自己。说实话，我非常依赖我的车。当我向一个为绿色生活组织工作的朋友征求关于如何放弃开车的建议时，她告诉了我五件事：·迈开你的腿。2014年，超过55%的汽车行程在8公里以下。我们可以很容易地步行或骑自行车，而不用开车短途旅行。腿的力量可以节省你的钱，保持健康，并帮助你活得更久。定期的锻炼也能将患心脏病的风险降低50%!·乘坐公共交通工具。一辆公共汽车最多可以容纳90人，而装同样数量的人至少需要18辆汽车。有时乘坐公共交通工具可能需要更长的时间，但那又怎样？你可以放松，读一本书，和别人聊天——谁知道呢？·三思而后行。你真的必须去城镇另一边的那个购物中心吗？街角的商店怎么样？在你上车之前，想想你是否真的需要这样做。·分享汽车。如果你真的需要开车，那就和别人一起吧。这样更便宜，更环保。·采取行动！我们常常认为我们对交通噪音、污染和危险无能为力。其实完全能。如果你的街道交通拥挤，和你的邻居谈谈。给报社写信。去找市政府。要求限速。做这些事情中任何一件适合你的。别光坐在那里抱怨！都很简单，不是吗？五个简单的方法就可以改善环境。嗯，很抱歉我不得不结束这篇文章了，我必须在下午4点去学校接我的女儿。然后我得开车去超市买东西。在那之后，我必须带我儿子去参加一个聚会。交通将会很糟糕，但我能做些什么呢？速读课文，完成下列任务Ⅰ.阅读判断判断以下句子提供的信息是正确(T)，还是错误(F)。1．Inthelast20years，thenumberofcarsontheroadshasincreasedto32millioninBritain. ()2．Gasesproducedbycarsarethemaincausesofglobalwarmingandclimatechange. ()3．In2014，mostofcarjourneysweremorethaneightkilometers. ()4．Wepeopleoftenthinkwecannotdoanythingtodowiththenoise，pollutionanddangeroftraffic. ()5．Thewriterwillrideabiketothesupermarkettodosomeshopping. ()Ⅱ.补全信息选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：A．WhenIaskedafriendworkingforagreen-livingorganisationforadviceabouthowtogiveupB．BeforeyougetintoyourcarC．ascarenginesproducevarioustypesofgreenhousegasesD．whilethesamenumberwillneedatleast18carsE．IfyourstreetisfullofheavytrafficF．Ifyoureallyhavetouseacar1．Trafficisoneofthemajorcausesofglobalwarmingandclimatechange，________．2．________，shetoldmefivethings.3．Upto90peoplecantravelinonebus，____________．4．________，thinkaboutwhetheryoureallyneedtomakethatjourney.5．________，sharejourneyswithsomeoneelse.细读课文，完成下列任务Ⅰ.主旨匹配段落主旨大意1.Part12.Part2A．Waystogiveupcars.B．Serioustrafficproblems.Ⅱ.课文理解1．HowmanypeoplehavediedinBritishvehicleaccidentsoverthelastdecade?A．2，500orso. B．25，000orso.C．30，000orso. D．32millionorso.2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheexcuseofdrivingcars?A．Thebusesareterrible.B．Thetrainsarealwayslate.C．There'snotimetowalk.D．Thecarsarebadtopeople.3．Whatshouldyoudoifajourneyislessthaneightkilometres?A．Driveyourcar. B．Takeabus.C．Cycleabike. D．Takeaplane.4．Whatshouldyoudoifyouhavetouseacar?A．Shareitwithothers.B．Gotothecitygovernment.C．Writetothepapers.D．Askforaspeedlimit.Ⅲ.续写素材积累续写素材积累(五)——劝告或建议A．阅读文中含有表示劝告或建议的语句1．Useyourlegs.2．Usepublictransport.3．Thinkbeforeyougo.4．Sharecars.5．Takeaction!B．判断下列语句中哪个不是表示劝告或建议的？1．Butpersonalangerandstressarenothingcomparedtotherealcostssocially.2．Sometypesofcancerarerelatedtotrafficpollution.3．Legpowercansaveyourmoney，keepyoufitandhelpyoulivelonger.4．Don'tjustsitaroundandcomplain!1．consumevt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→________n．消费者→consumptionn．消费；消耗2．wasten．浪费；废弃物vt.&vi.浪费，徒劳→________adj.浪费的；挥霍的3．transportvt.运送；流放→________n．交通运输系统，运输方式4．realadj.真的→reallyadv.真正地；实际上→______adj.现实的，实际的→________n．真实；事实；现实5．________adj.意识到的，明白的→awarenessn．意识6．collectvt.收集，采集→__________n．收集；收藏品；专辑7．________adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiouslyadv.焦急地；焦虑地→anxietyn．忧虑，担心8．annoyvt.打搅；使烦恼→________adj.烦恼的，生气的→________adj.使烦恼的→annoyancen．烦恼9．angryadj.生气的，愤怒的→________n．愤怒；怒气10．________adj.定期的，有规律的→regularlyadv.有规律地；定期地→regulationn．规则；规章制度1．suitn．套装；起诉v．适合；相配，合身①Thisnewdresssuitsyouverywell. ________②Thishotweatherdoesn'tsuitme. ________③Upto2，000formeremployeeshavefiledpersonalinjurysuitsagainstthecompany. ________2．wrapv．包裹；(使文字)换行n．包裹(或包装)材料①HespenttheeveningwrappinguptheNewYearpresents. ________②Westockawiderangeofcardsandgiftwrap. ________③Thetextwrapsaroundifitistoolongtofitthescreen. ________知识要点1setout开始做某事，着手进行[例]Wesetouttofindthetruthbehindthemystery.我们开始着手揭开谜团背后的真相。[知识拓展]setaboutsth./doingsth. 着手某事/做某事setaside 把……放置一旁，不理会；留出setback 妨碍；阻碍setdown 把……放下来；写下；记下setin (气候，季节等)开始setoff 动身，出发；发射；使爆炸setup 竖起；创立[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Hewasaskedtoset________thefactsjustasherememberedthem.②Becarefulthatyoudon'tsetthefireworks________bymistake.③Iwarnthemnottodoit，butmyobjectionswereset________．④Thegirlattendanthassetabout________(clean)theroom.知识要点2awareadj.意识到的，明白的[例]Hedoesn'tseemtobeawareoftheproblems.他好像没有意识到这个问题。[知识拓展](1)be/becomeawarethat... 知道/体会到……as/sofarasIamaware 据我所知makesb.awareof... 使某人意识到……(2)awarenessn. 意识；知道(3)unawareadj. 未意识到的；不知道的[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译①Inconclusion，peoplearoundtheworldshouldbewellaware________therealsituationofwatershortage.②________farasI'maware，nobodyhasdoneanythingaboutit.③Shewasnotawareof________________．＝Shewasnotaware__________________．＝Shewasnotawareof________________．她还没意识到她做错了。[名师点津](1)aware后跟名词性从句时，一般从句前不能用of，但在what从句前必须用of。(2)修饰aware可用well，much，verymuch，fully，但不用very。(3)beaware后一般不接不定式。知识要点3anxiousadj.焦虑的，不安的[例]Wehadaveryanxioustimeuntilweknewthattheyweresafe.我们一直不安直到得知他们平安。[知识拓展](1)beanxiousfor/about＝beworried/concernedabout 为……担心/担忧beanxiousfor＝beeagerfor/bekeenon 渴望……beanxious(forsb.)todosth. 渴望(某人)做某事beanxiousthat... 渴望某事(从句谓语用shoulddo，should可以省略)(2)anxiouslyadv. 焦躁地；急切地anxietyn. 担心；焦虑；渴望withanxiety 焦虑地[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译①Sheisanxious________(go)tocollege，butanxious________notpassingtheCollegeEntranceExam.②Wewereanxiousthateveryone____________________(know)thetruth.＝Wewereanxiousforeveryone________(know)thetruth.我们渴望人人了解真相。③Wewaitedwith________(anxious)forthenewsofhersafearrival.＝Wewaited________(anxious)forthenewsofhersafearrival.我们急切地等待她平安抵达的消息。知识要点4annoyedadj.烦恼的，生气的[例]Thefewwhocannotseetherealpersoninsidemybodydonotmakemeannoyed，andIjustignorethem.那些不能理解我内心世界的少数人不会使我不高兴，我不会去理会他们。[知识拓展](1)beannoyedwithsb. 生某人的气beannoyedat/about(doing)sth. 因为(做)某事而气恼(2)annoyingadj. 令人生气的annoyancen. 烦恼[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译①Being________(annoy)withotherseasilywillbeharmfultoyourhealth，sokeepagood-temperedcharacterallthetime，please.②Hewasannoyedat/about________(give)insoeasily.③________________wemadethesamemistakelasttime.＝________________________isthatwemadethesamemistakelasttime.真正让人恼火的是我们上次犯了同样的错。[名师点津](1)表示情绪变化的一类动词，如annoy，delight，excite，surprise，shock等，都为及物动词，表示“某事令某人生气(高兴、兴奋、吃惊、震惊等)”。(2)这类动词的-ed形式常用来指人的情绪反应，故它们作表语、定语和宾补时，被修饰的通常是人；而这类动词的-ing形式常用来指物的性质、特征，故它们作表语、定语和宾补时，被修饰的往往是物。知识要点5angern．愤怒；怒气[例]Heisquiveringwithanger.他气得全身发抖。[知识拓展](1)inanger 生气，气冲冲地(an)angerat 因……生气(2)angryadj. 生气的beangrywithsb. 对某人生气beangryatsth. 因某事生气[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Itisuselesstodebatethisquestion________anger.②Mymotherwasveryangry________mewhenIwenthome.③Mymotherwassoangry________whatIsaidthatshecriticisedme.知识要点6relatevi.相联系，有关联[例]Itisdifficulttorelatethetwocases.要把那两件事联系起来是很困难的。[知识拓展](1)relateAto/withB 把A和B联系起来relatetosb./sth. 与某人/物有关；能理解并同情某人/某物(2)relativeadj. 相比较而言的；相关联的n. 亲属，亲戚relativelyadv. 相对地，相当地(3)relationshipn. 关系relationn. 关系；亲属haverelationto/with 和……有关inrelationto 就……而论；和……联系起来看[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Wemustrelatetheseprinciples________oureverydaywork.②Iamnot________(relate)tohiminanyway.③Weseektoimprove________(relate)betweenourtwocountries.知识要点7suitvt.适合n.套装[例]Thesestylescanbeadaptedtosuitindividualtastes.这些样式可以加以更改，以适合个人的喜好。[知识拓展](1)suitsb.(fine/well) 合某人的意；对某人很合适suitsth.tosb./sth. 使某物适合某人/某物(2)suitableadj. 合适的；适宜的besuitableforsth./sb. 适于某物/人besuitabletodosth. 适合做某事(3)suitedadj. 合适的；般配的besuitedto... 适合于……[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Thiskindofshoesissuitable________(travel)．②Hecansuithisconversation________whoeverhe'swith.③ThisfilmBigFish&Begoniais________(suit)forpeopleofallages.重点句式1形容词作状语(教材P58)Howoftendowearriveatworkorschool，stressedout，tiredandangry?又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢？[句式分析]本句中的stressedout，tiredandangry作状语，表示伴随。形容词作状语表示原因、时间、伴随情况或结果，并不表达动词的方式。大多与全句用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。[例1]Afterthewar，thesoldiersreturnedhome，safeandsound.战争结束后，那些士兵平安回到了家。[例2]Seeingthesnake，allthefrightenedgirlsstoodthere，unabletospeak.看到那条蛇，所有的女孩站在那里，吓得说不出话来。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Thesetravelersreturnedtothehotel，tiredand______(sleep)．②________(help)，wewatchedourhomedestroyedbeforeoureyes.③________________________，Ihadtogiveuptheplan.由于抽不出时间，我不得不放弃这个计划。重点句式2overthelast＋时间(教材P59)Overthelastdecade，anaverageof2，500peoplehavediedeveryyearinvehicleaccidents.在过去十年中，平均每年有2500人死于交通事故。[句式分析]本句中的overthelastdecade引导时间状语，表示“在过去十年中”，主句用现在完成时。[例1]Overthelastfewyearstourismherehasdevelopedconsiderably.在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。[例2]Thecollectionhasbeenbuiltupoverthelastseventeenyears.在过去的17年中，收藏的规模不断扩大。[知识拓展]类似必须用完成时态的短语还有：overthepast＋时间inthepast/last＋时间[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Drunkdrivingfatalities______________(decline)morethan10percentoverthepast10years.②He____________(publish)nothingofnoteinthelasttenyears.重点句式3sowhat句型(教材P59)Sometimesitcantakealittlebitlonger，butsowhat?有时乘坐公共交通工具可能需要更长的时间，但那又怎样？[句式分析]句中的sowhat表示“那又怎么样/那有什么关系”。[例1]IfthatmeansleavingtheCouncilofEurope，sowhat?如果那意味着要离开欧洲委员会，那又如何？[例2]WhensheheardthePresidentwasoutside，shesaid，“Sowhat？”她听说总统就在外边，说道：“这有什么？”[知识拓展]Whatif...？ 如果……怎么办？Whatfor? 为什么？(相当于why)Whatabout...? ……怎么样？[即学即练]——完成句子①________________？YourEnglishisasgoodasmine.为什么呢？你的英文跟我的一样好。②________________somethingshouldhappentoher?万一她有个好歹，这可怎么办？③__________________thesalary?Canyougetmoremoney?工资怎么样？你能拿到更多钱吗？1．WhenIaskedafriendworkingforagreen-livingorganisationforadviceabouthowtogiveup，shetoldmefivethings.[分析]句中的WhenIaskedafriendworkingforagreen-livingorganisationforadviceabouthowtogiveup为________引导的时间状语从句，其中不定式短语howtogiveup作介词________的宾语。[翻译]当我向一个为绿色生活组织工作的朋友征求关于如何放弃开车的建议时，她告诉了我五件事。2．Beforeyougetintoyourcar，thinkaboutwhetheryoureallyneedtomakethatjourney.[分析]句中的Beforeyougetintoyourcar为________________引导的时间状语从句；whetheryoureallyneedtomakethatjourney为________________引导的宾语从句。[翻译]在你上车之前，想想你是否真的需要这样做。教材高考1.tofeelannoyed(2021·浙江卷)Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan“tell”whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed，youmaybeontosomething.2.Dowhicheverofthesethingsthatsuityou.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Whichhotelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife？Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．This__________(be)agrowingtrendoverthelastcoupleofyears.2．________(hunger)，hestoppedworkingand