高中英语必修一《Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures》课件

WelcomeUnit

DiscoveringUsefulStructuresLeadinWhatAreThey?1.S(subject)

主语2.V(verb)谓语动词3.O(object)

宾语4.P(predicative)

表语5.A(adverbial)

状语6.DO(directobjective)直接宾语7.IO(indirectobjective)

间接宾语8.C(objectivecomplement)

宾语补足语9.Therebe…=therebe结构Let’sreviewWhatIsSubject?1.

S(subject)主语1.1Atigereatsmeat.

S1.2Heismyfather.

S1.3.Mr.Woodisateacher.

S

Whatcanbe“subject”inasentence?atiger?noun√he?pronoun√Mr.Wood?noun×name√Let’sreviewWhatIsVerb?2.

V(verb)谓语动词2.1Atigereatsmeat.

V2.2Afishcanswim.

V2.3.He

doesn’tlike

fruit.

V

Whatcanbe“verb”inasentence?can=V×doesn’t=V×canswim√Let’sreviewWhatIsObject?3.

O(object)宾语3.1Atigereats

meat.

O3.2Ilikeit.

O3.3HecalledTom.

O

Whatcanbe“object”inasentence?meat?noun√it?pronoun√Tom?nameLet’sreviewWhatIsPredicative?4.

P(predicative)表语4.1Helooks

fine.

P

4.2Youarehappy.

P4.3Hebecameateacher.

P

Whatcanbe“predicative”inasentence?look,are,become=linkverblinkverb+adj./noun=PPcontainsaverb!Let’sreviewWhatIsAdverbial?5.

A(adverbial)状语5.1HelivesinShenzhen.

A

5.2Yougotoschoolbybus.

A5.3Hewasbornin1918.

A

Whatcanbe“adverbial”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsDO(DirectObjective)?6.

DO(directobjective)直接宾语6.1Hegavemeapen.

DO

6.2Weboughthimagift.

DO6.3Hewrotemealetter.

DO

Whatcanbe“directobjective”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsIO(IndirectObjective)?7.

IO(indirectobjective)间接宾语7.1Hegavemeapen.

IO

7.2WeboughtMr.Woodagift.

IO7.3Hewrotehismotheraletter.

IO

Whatcanbe“indirectobjective”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsC(Complement)?8.

C(complement)宾语补足语8.1Thewarmadehimahero.

C

8.2Thefirelefthimhomeless.

C8.3Hefoundhisglassesbroken.

C

Whatcanbe“complement”inasentence?GroupDiscussion1.Examinethesentencestructuresandseewhatpartsaresharedbyallofthem.2.Whatpartismorestableandwhatpartisthemostunstableinasentence?Why?SentenceStructureSVSVOSPSVIODOSVOCSVASVOAAnswerstoquestionsinDiscussion1.Partssharedbyallofthestructures:2.“S”isthemorestablepart;“V”isthemostunstablepart.Makealistofthe“S”formsandthe“V”formsthatappearintheaboveslides.Learntorecognizethestructures1.SVstructure1.1Abird

flies.SV1.2Monkeys

jumped.SV1.3He

wassleeping.SV

InSVstructure,verbsareintransitive.Canyoumakea“SV”sentence?Learntorecognizethestructures2.SVOstructure2.1Asheep

eats

grass.SVO2.2Monkeys

like

bananas.SVO2.3He

wants

somecandy.SVO

InSVOstructure,verbsaretransitive.PleasemakeaSVOsentence!Learntorecognizethestructures3.SPstructure3.1This

isgreatSP3.2He

lookswell.SP3.3She

becameateacher.SPInSPstructure,Prefersto“linkverb+adjective/noun”.Linkverbs:be,feel,taste,smell,grow,become,etc.Let’strymakingaSPsentencewith“grow”!Learntorecognizethestructures4.SVIODOstructure4.1He

asked

me

aquestion.SVIODO4.2Danny

wrote

hismom

aletter.SVIODO4.3She

bought

Mr.Wood

abook.SVIODOInSVIODOstructure,verbsaretransitiveandarefollowedbyIOandDO.FindaSVIODOsentenceinyourtextbookandshareitwiththeclass!Learntorecognizethestructures5.SVOCstructure5.1Thewar

made

him

ahero.SVOC5.2They

found

hiscat

dead.SVOC5.3She

called

him

Mr.Wood.SVOCInSVOCstructure,animpliedlogicalrelationexistsbetweenOandC.InExample5.1,therelationbetween“him”and“ahero”issupposedtobe-“heisahero”.What’stherelationbetween“hiscat”and“dead”in5.2?Learntorecognizethestructures6.SVAstructure6.1It

rained

heavily.SVA6.2He

coughed

badly.SVA6.3Therabbit

ran

inthewoods.SVAInSVAstructure,adverbialisusuallyattheendofthesentence.PleasegiveanotherexampleofSVAstructure!Learntorecognizethestructures7.SVOAstructure7.1Asheep

iseating

grass

overthere.SVOA7.2Mum

makes

lunch

inthekitchen.SVOA7.3They

liked

thefilm

verymuch.SVOAInSVOAstructure,theverbistransitiveandisfollowedbyanobjectandanadverbial.Learntorecognizethestructures8.“Therebe…”structure8.1Thereis

anapple

onthetable.VSA7.2Thereare

sevendays

inaweek.VSA7.3There

is

milkandbread.VSIn“therebe…”structure,SandVareinverted.V’snumberisdecidedbytheveryfirstnounofS.Let’spractiseExercise1:Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.(1)Ihavelearninggoals.(2)Heworkshard.(3)HeneverwatchesTVatnight.(4)Afishswims.(5)Iwaswritinghimanemail.(6)Theylefttheboystarvedtodeath.Youfeeltired.Thereweresomechildrenontheplayground.(1)Ihavelearninggoals.(SVO)(2)Heworkshard.(SVA)(3)HeneverwatchesTVatnight.(SVOA)(4)Afishswims.(SV)(5)Iwaswritinghimanemail.(SVIODO)(6)Theylefttheboystarvedtodeath.(SVOC)Youfeeltired.(SP)Thereweresomechildrenontheplayground.(VS)Let’spractiseAnswerstoExercise1Let’spractiseExercise2:Analysethestructuresoftheunderlinedsentencesinthepassage.Let’spractiseAnswerstoExercise2:1.LangPing

brought

honourandglory

tohercountry.SVDOIO2.She

led

theChinawomen’svolleyballteam

tomedalsat…Olympics.SVOATheteam

wasfalling

apart.SVALosingtwoimportantplayers

wasabigchallenge.SPShe

hadfaced

difficulties

before.SVOAThey

wereworldchampions!SPLet’spractiseExercise3:Findthedifferences–SPvs.SVATheboy

looksgreat.SPTheboy

worked

veryhard.SVAAnydifferencesbetween“great”and“veryhard”?Let’spractiseAnswerto“thedifferencesofSPvs.SVA”1.Pin“SP”means“linkverb”+“adj./noun”2.VAmeans“intransitiveverb”+adverb3.Forexample:lookgreat(look:linkverb;great:adj.)P(linkverb+adj.)

workhard(work:vi.;hard:adv.)VA(vi.+adv.)Let’spractiseExercise4:Findthedifferences–SVOCvs.SVOAThenews

made

me

happy.SVOCThemother

missed

herkid

badly.SVOAhappyvs.badlyDifferences?Let’spractiseAnswerto“thedifferences–SVOCvs.SVOA”1.“C”means“nouns/adjectives.”2.“A”means“adverbs/prepositionalphrases”Thenewsmademeintheroom.×?SummaryInthisperiod,we’velearnedaboutsomeimportantconceptsofsyntax.ThedefinitionsofS,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,CMorphologicfeaturesofS,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,CTheparticularfeaturesofverbs4.ThesignificanceoflearningverbpatternsHomeworkReciteconceptsofS,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,C.Thinkaboutthesignificanceofdistinguishing“vi.”from“vt.”WelcomeUnitPART1语法导学PART2达标检测PeriodThree

DiscoveringUsefulStructures—BasicSentenceStructuresPART1语法导学写出下列句子中画线部分的成分1.Birdsfly. _____2.Theearlybirdcatchesthe

worm. _____3.Theyarebirds

of

a

feather. _____4.Iheardthebirdssinging

merrily. ___________5.Sheboughtthe

birda

cage. ___________________6.Thereisa

pictureonthewall. _____◆语法感知主语宾语表语宾语补足语间接宾语；直接宾语主语一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。1.主语(subject)主语是一个句子所叙述的主体、动作的发出者，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等构成。Thefutureisbright；theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.在河里游泳是件快乐的事。WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.我们将什么时候进行英语测试仍然没决定。◆语法精析2.表语(predicative)表语说明主语的身份、特征和状态，在系动词(be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等)之后。表语由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语及表语从句构成。OurEnglishteacherisanAmerican.我们的英语老师是个美国人。HisjobistoteachEnglish.他的工作就是教英语。Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.事实就是他从来都没出过国。3.宾语(object)宾语是动作的施加对象或承受者，在及物动词后，或“不及物动词＋相应介词”后。宾语由名词性的词充当。宾语按词性分为：动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介宾结构。Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.他们昨天去看展览了。Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.我认为他适合做办公室工作。有些动词后边需要跟双宾语，指人的是间接宾语；指物的是直接宾语。Lendmeyourdictionary，please.请把你的词典借给我(用一下)。Givemeabook.给我一本书。4.宾语补足语(objectcomplement)有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。Doyouconsiderhimtrust-worthy?你认为他可靠吗？Themanageraskedthecollegestudenttocomein.经理让那个大学生进去。Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.我们发现试验室的一切秩序井然。5.定语(attribute)修饰名词、代词的词称为定语。可由单词、短语、从句充当。定语有形容词的特征。Guilinisabeautifulcity.桂林是个美丽的城市。Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.我们学校有30名女教师。HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.他在读一篇怎样学好英语的论文。6.状语(adverbial)修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。状语种类：原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、伴随状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、比较状语。Lighttravelsmostquickly.光的传播速度非常快。Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.他已经在该市住了10年。Onceyoubegin，youmustcontinue.一旦开始了，你必须继续下去。二、基本句子结构1.主语＋不及物动词(S＋V)Thetemperaturehaschanged.温度变了。Thecarwon’tstart.这车发动不起来。Weallbreathe，drinkandeat.我们都要呼吸、喝水和吃饭。2.主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S＋V＋O)Hepretendednottoseeus.他假装没有看见我们。Sheusuallyputsoffcarryingoutherpromise.她通常拖延履行她的诺言。Noonereallyunderstandsthegrieforjoyofothers.没有人真正理解别人的悲伤和快乐。3.主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋P)HebecameateacherofEnglish.他成了一名英语教师。Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.我的弟弟们都是大学生。Hisvoicesoundedstrangetoher.他的声音在她听来有些怪。[温馨提示]英语中的系动词有：be动词、感官动词(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表变化类动词(如get，become，turn，go，grow，come等)、表保持类动词(如keep，stay，remain等)。4.主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语叫作双宾语)(S＋V＋IO＋DO)Mysistertoldmealongstory.我姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。Ilenthimareferencebook.我借他一本参考书。Heallowshimselfnorest.他不让自己休息。5.主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补(宾语和宾补统称为复合宾语)(S＋V＋O＋C)Theymadeherhappy.他们让她快乐。Shekeptuswaitingforheranswerforoveraweek.她让我们等她的回音等了一个多星期。IoftenhearhersingtheGermansonginherlovelyvoice.我时常听到她用迷人的声音唱这首德国歌曲。6.主语＋不及物动词＋状语(S＋V＋A)MyparentsliveinTaibei.我的父母住在台北。Johnhasgonetobuybooks.约翰去买书了。7.主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A)Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.大风把落叶从地面上刮了起来。Theyknowusverywell.他们非常了解我们。Hebroughthisbrothertoseeme.他带着弟弟来看我。8.Therebe...Therearen’tmanybooksontheshelf.书架上没有多少书。Thereisachair，twodesks，andabedintheroom.房间里有一把椅子、两张桌子和一张床。Therearesomebooks，dictionariesandmagazinesonthetable.桌子上有些书、字典和杂志。[温馨提示]在therebe句型中，be的单复数与最靠近的名词的单复数保持一致。单句语法填空1.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI(make)overtheyears.(2019·全国Ⅱ)2.Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere(huge)popularwithtourists.(2019·全国Ⅲ)3.Ifyouaretimepoor，youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports，soperhapsweshouldallgiveatry.(2018·全国Ⅰ)◆高考链接have

madetraditionalhugelyit/running4.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit___(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.(2018·全国Ⅰ)5.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother，Iwasjustgladtofind______(they)alive.(2018·全国Ⅲ)6.Oncehismessagewasdelivered