《Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures》教案与导学案

Unit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructures【教学目标】1.Learnthestructure,functionsandfeaturesofinfinitives.2.Learntosummarizesomerulesaboutinfinitivestoshowpurposeandmodify.3.LearntouseinfinitivesinoralandwritingEnglish.【教学重难点】1.Learntosummarizesomerulesaboutinfinitivestoshowpurposeandmodify.2.LearntouseinfinitivesinoralandwritingEnglish.【教学过程】Step1Leadin—PairworkLookatthefollowingsentencesandfocusontheitalicizedinfinitives.Inpairs,discusstheirfunctions.1.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.（作目的状语）2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.（作目的状语）3.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.（作目的状语）4.Somescientistweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdreamtoexplorespace.（作定语）5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.（作定语）Summary:1.不定式的结构：to+do原形。2.分析上面的句子，我们知道在描述太空探索时，动词不定式不仅可以用来表目的，还可以用来作定语，表修饰。Step2FunctionsofinfinitivesasattributeRewritethesentencesbyusinginfinitivesasattribute.1.In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstperson______________inspace.2.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamedthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedream______________space.3.ButJanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesirethathecandosomeusefulworkforthedisabled.ButJanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesire______________forthedisabled.4.IusuallyhavealotofmeetingswhichIhavetoattendnextweek.Iusuallyhavealotofmeetings______________.5.Weneedsomeonewhocangoandaskforadoctor.Weneedsomeone_____________________.6.Andersongaveherhissuggestionthatsheshouldinsistonhertask.Andersongaveherhissuggestion_____________________.Answers:1.togetmarried2.toflyinto3.todosomeusefulwork4.toattend5.togoandaskforadoctor6.toinsistonhertaskSummary:动词不定式用作定语，放在被修饰的名词后面。1.动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.2.名词前有first，last，next，only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.3.抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，plan，way或不定代词something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。JanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesiretodousefulwork.4.当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。Sheisanicepersontoworkwith.5.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。Wemustfindapersontodothejob.6.当名词与定语有同位关系时。Wegottheordertoleavethecity.Step3Practice(1)Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.(2)Doyouhaveanything_____(do)tonight?(3)Thebestway__________(improve)yourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.(4)MissLiuisaveryniceperson__________(work)with.(5)Chinaisthethirdcountryintheworld__________(send)menintospace.(6)Maryhadgreatdetermination_____________(achieve)hergoal.(7)TheGermangirlhastheability___________(learn)Chinesewell.(8)Ihavesomethingimportant__________(tell)you.Answers:(1)tocomplete(2)todo(3)toimprove(4)towork(5)tosend(6)toachieve(7)tolearn(8)totellStep4FunctionsofinfinitivesaspurposeadverbialRewritethesentencesbyusinginfinitivesaspurposeadverbial.1.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywater________________itforlateruse.2.Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday_____________________.3.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspace________________.4.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowly__________________.Answers:1.soasto/inorderto/torecycle2.soasto/inorderto/tokeephealthy3.soasnotto/inordernotto/nottofloatoff4.soasto/inorderto/tokeeptheirbodiesundercontrolSummary:不定式作目的状语，常译作“以便……，目的是……”。主要用来修饰动词和形容词，也可用来修饰副词。在句中，不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等，可表示目的、原因及结果等。1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调，为加强语气。Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.（1）置于句首时只用todo/inordertodo。如用于表示否定，用inordernottodo或soasnottodo形式。Iwalkedquietlysoasnottodisturbthebaby.（2）不定式作目的状语可转换为sothat/inorderthat或so…that…引导的目的状语从句。Heworkedveryhardtopasstheexam.→Heworkedsohardthathecouldpasstheexam.→Heworkedhardsothat/inorderthathecouldpasstheexam2.原因状语，多见于sb.+be+adj.+todo…结构句中。Iwasverysadtohearthenews.3.结果状语，多见于too…to…；enoughto…；onlytodo（表示意料之外的结果的发生）；so/such…asto…（意为“如此……以至于……”）结构句中。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.I’mtootiredtodowell.Herushedback,onlytofindthebookmissing.Step4Practice(1)___________(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.Hehurriedtothestationonly______(find)thetrainhadleft.WetravelonDay2tonorthernFrance______(visit)theWorldWarⅠbattlefields.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad______(find)themalive.Joinus_______(taste)avarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Answers:(1)Toworkout(2)Tolearn(3)tofind(4)tovisit(5)tofind(6)totasteStep5Moreaboutinfinitiveaspurposeadverbial现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别（1）动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlytofinditdidn’tfit.（2）现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。Hisfatherpassedaway,leavinghimalittlemoney.Unit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructures导学案【学习目标】1.Learnthestructure,functionsandfeaturesofinfinitives.2.Learntosummarizesomerulesaboutinfinitivestoshowpurposeandmodify.3.LearntouseinfinitivesinoralandwritingEnglish.【学习重难点】1.Learntosummarizesomerulesaboutinfinitivestoshowpurposeandmodify.2.LearntouseinfinitivesinoralandwritingEnglish.【学习过程】Step1LeadinPairworkLookatthefollowingsentencesandfocusontheitalicizedinfinitives.Inpairs,discusstheirfunctions.1.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.（作_______）2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.（作_______）3.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.（作_______）4.Somescientistweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdreamtoexplorespace.（作_______）5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.（作_______）Summary:1.不定式的结构：_______________。2.分析上面的句子，我们知道在描述太空探索时，动词不定式不仅可以用来表______，还可以用来作_______，表_______。Step2FunctionsofinfinitivesasattributeRewritethesentencesbyusinginfinitivesasattribute.1.In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstperson________inspace.2.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamedthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedream______________space.3.ButJanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesirethathecandosomeusefulworkforthedisabled.ButJanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesire______________forthedisabled.4.IusuallyhavealotofmeetingswhichIhavetoattendnextweek.Iusuallyhavealotofmeetings______________.5.Weneedsomeonewhocangoandaskforadoctor.Weneedsomeone_____________________.6.Andersongaveherhissuggestionthatsheshouldinsistonhertask.Andersongaveherhissuggestion_____________________.Summary:动词不定式用作定语，放在被修饰的名词后面。1.动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.2.名词前有first,last,next,only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.3.抽象名词attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,way或不定代词something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。JanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesiretodousefulwork.4.当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。Sheisanicepersontoworkwith.5.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。Wemustfindapersontodothejob.6.当名词与定语有同位关系时。Wegottheordertoleavethecity.Step3Practice(1)Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.(2)Doyouhaveanything_____(do)tonight?(3)Thebestway__________(improve)yourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.(4)MissLiuisaveryniceperson__________(work)with.(5)Chinaisthethirdcountryintheworld__________(send)menintospace.(6)Maryhadgreatdetermination_____________(achieve)hergoal.(7)TheGermangirlhastheability___________(learn)Chinesewell.(8)Ihavesomethingimportant__________(tell)you.Step4FunctionsofinfinitivesaspurposeadverbialRewritethesentencesbyusinginfinitivesaspurposeadverbial.1.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywater___________itforlateruse.2.Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday___________.3.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspace___________.4.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowly___________.Summary:不定式作目的状语，常译作“______________”。主要用来修饰_______和形容词，也可用来修饰副词。在句中，不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等，可表示目的、原因及结果等。1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调，为加强语气。Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.（1）置于句首时只用todo/inordertodo。如用于表示否定，用inordernottodo或soasnottodo形式。Iwalkedquietlysoasnottodisturbthebaby.（2）不定式作目的状语可转换为sothat/inorderthat或so…that…引导的目的状语从句。Heworkedveryhard