北师大版高中英语必修四第9讲：Unit12-Culture-Shock-语法篇(教师版)

Unit12CultureShock语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、接不定式或动名词作宾语的动词。2、现在分词的用法。接不定式或动名词作宾语的动词常用的只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词：agree,ask,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,offer,plan,promise,pretend,refuse,want,wish等。Theyagreestoputtwoforeignstudentsupoverthesummer.他们同意夏季为两个外国留学生提供膳宿。Theonlydifferenceishowyouchoosetospendyourtime.唯一区别就是你选择怎么花费你的时间。2.常用的只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,imagine,mind,miss,practice,suggest,keep(on),feellike,devoteoneselfto,giveup,get/beusedto,beworth,can’thelp,insiston,lookforwardto等。Headmittedhavingdonewrong.他承认做错了。Isuggesttryingoncemore.我建议在试一次。3.常用的既能跟动词不定式也能跟动名词形式作宾语的动词：begin,start,continue,hate,like,love,prefer等。Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantosnow.我正准备离开这时天突然下起大雪。4.try,mean,stop,goon等接动词不定式和动名词意思不同。Wetrytoprovidethemwithdirectionandhelp.我们试图给他们提供指导和帮助。5.need,want跟动名词形式作宾语时表示被动意义，跟动词不定式作宾语时表示主动意义。Youneedtotouchupthepoem.你需要把这首诗润色一下。Thecompanyneedsrepairing.这台电脑需要修理。现在分词的用法作状语现在分词表示时间，条件，原因，让步关系时，常位于句首，且用逗号隔开，可以转换相应的状语从句；现在分词作结果，方式，伴随状语时多位于句中，可用逗号隔开，也可以不用。Walkinginthestreet(WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet),Imetanoldfriendofmine.走在大街上，我遇到一位老朋友。（时间）Workinghard(Ifyouworkhard),youwillsurelysucceed.如果用功，你一定会成功的。（条件）Notknowingheraddress(AsIdon’tknowheraddress),Ican’twritetoher.由于不知道她的地址，我没能给她写信。（原因）Havingfailed(Althoughhehadfailed)manytimes,hedidn’tloseheart.虽然屡次失败，但他没有灰心丧气。（让步）Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway(byusinganotherway).请换一种方式回答这个问题。（方式）Aterriblehurricanestruckthearea,makingthousandsofpeoplehomeless.飓风袭击了那个地区，使成千上万人无家可归。（结果）Theywerewalkinginthewoods,singinghappily.我们漫步在树林里，欢乐地唱着歌。（伴随）作定语现在分词可单独作定语放在被修饰的名词前。现在分词短语放在被修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的名词与现在分词之间是主谓关系，动名词作定语表示被修饰的名词的功能和用途。Theflyingkitesarehighinthesky.飞行的风筝在天空中飘扬。作宾语补足语现在分词常用在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice,observe,listento,lookat等和使役动词have,get,leave,set等的宾语后面作宾语补足语，宾语与现在分词之间是主谓关系，也就是说宾语实际上是现在分词动作的发出者。Mybreathingquickened,andIfeltheartbeatingfaster.我呼吸开始变得急促，心跳也加快了。作表语现在分词作表语可被very等副词修饰。Theteacher’swordsweregreatlyinspiringwheneverImetwithdifficulties.无论我什么时候遇到困难，老师的话都极具感召力。Iremembered_____thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.lockingtolockhavinglockedtohavelocked解析：句意：离开办公室之前，我记得锁门了，但是忘了关灯。考查非谓语动词用法。remembertodosth.记得要做某事，根据beforeIlefttheoffice可知：空格处为“要锁门”，所以B项正确。答案：B。例2._____thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.FindFoundTofindFinding解析：句意：由于发现这门功课非常难，她决定转到水平低一点的课程。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。A项为动词原形，被排除；根据题干可知非谓语动词和逻辑主语she为主动关系，故排除D项；不定式置于句首通常表示目的，在此不符合题意，排除C项；根据句意可知非谓语动词在此作原因状语，应使用现在分词形式，故选择B项。答案：B。例3.LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail_____forher.waitedtowaitwaitingwaswaiting解析：句意：Laura去巴黎待了一周多时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她处理。考查非谓语动词作定语。因为wait“等待”与mail“邮件”为主谓关系，所以选wait的现在分词形式waiting，相当于定语从句thatwaswaitingforher。不定式作定语时，通常表示将来的动作。若用在此处不符合语境。答案：C。例4.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake_____itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.startingB.beingstartedC.tostartD.tobestarted解析：句意：我抬起头，看见一条蛇正在蜿蜒着向树上爬行取捕食早餐。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。Notice后接不带to的不定式结构作宾语补足语，故排除A项；D项为动词的过去分词形式，不符合题意，可排除；省去to的不定式结构作notice的宾补，表示动作的全过程；现在分词结构作notice的宾补表示动作正在发生。根据语境可知选C项。答案：C。例5.（2015北京通州高三二模）_____inspacebyordinarycitizenswillbecommon.A.TravellingB.TravelledC.TotravelD.Havingtravelled解析：句意：普通人去太空旅行将会很常见。空格处在句中作主语，所以只能用动名词或不定式，动名词作主语表示普通的，一般的行为，不定式表示某次具体的行为，根据语境可知，此处为将来会发生的一般行为，即可推断出正确答案。答案：A。基础演练一，单项选择。We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds_____toachievethefinalsuccess.beingdone B.do C.tobedone D.todo2.—Iregret_____youthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.—Notsuccessful?Iperformedprettywellinmyrming B.toinform C.havinginformed D.tohaveinformed3.—Haveyoufinishedyourtasknow?—Notyet.Somuchtimehasbeenwasted_____itsdetailsaimlesslythismorning.beingassessed B.toassess C.assessed D.assessing4.Ihaddifficulty_____thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A.find B.found C.tofind D.finding5._____whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.A.bathed B.bathing C.tohavebathed D.havingbathed6._____whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.A.Notknowing B.Knowingnot C.Notknown D.Knownnot7.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather_____.A.permitting B.topermit C.permitted D.permit8.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_____seriousbloodinginseveralprovinces.A.caused B.havingcaused C.causing D.tocause9.Thelecture,_____at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.starting B.beingstarted C.tostart D.tobestarted10.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog_____them.A.tofollow B.following C.followed D.followsKeys：1-10CBDDBAACAB巩固提高完成句子。我不知道你看没看过90年代很有名的一部电视剧叫《浪漫满屋》。Idon’tknowifyou__________________________thetelevisionprogram“FullHouse”fromthe90s.我注意到他了，因为他盯着我看。Inoticedhimbecausehe___________________me.他匆忙赶到机场给朋友送行。Hehurriedtotheairportto_________hisfriend__________.两队之间的决赛，不论结果如何，总是精彩的。Thefinalbetweentheteams,__________theresult,is__________.越来越多的人买汽车，因为他们认为汽车比自行车快。______________________________peoplebuycarsbecausetheythinkcarsarefasterthanbicycles.Keys：1.arefamiliarwith 2.staredat 3.see,off 4.whatever,splendid 5.Moreandmore一，单项选择。As_____birthplaceofHuaxiacivilization,Xi’anis_____citywithalonghistoryandabundantculturalrelics.the,a B.a,a C./;a D.the,/（2015北京房山高三二模）—Mygoodness!Whyareyoublackandblueallover.—Well,Ifellovermanytimeswhile_____toskateyesterday.tolearn B.learning C.learned D.havinglearned（2015北京通州高三二模）—Rememberthefirsttimewemet?—OfcourseIdo.You_____inthelibrary.Read B.hadread C.haveread D.werereading（2015北京通州高三一模）Thisistheonlyway_____theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.reducing B.reduce C.reduced D.toreduce（2015北京丰台高三二模）MoYangrewup_____folktalesthathadbeentoldforcenturiesinhishometown.listeningto B.listenedto C.listento D.tolistentowatchingtheclown’s_____pose,theaudiencepresentburstout_____.amused,laughing B.unexpected,laughingC.unexpecting,laughter D.amusing,laughter7.Soabsorbed_____intheexperimentthathedidn’tevennoticeitwasalreadyover12o’clock.A.didhe B.hedid C.washe D.hewas8.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke_____frombehindthehouse.A.rose B.rising C.torise D.risen9.—Howdoyoufindthefilmyousawlastnight?—_____Ican’tthinktoohighlyofit.Itmakesnosense B.ItalldependsC.It’sjustso-so D.It’sreallysplendid10.Hearingascream,Irusheddownstairsonlytoseemyhostess_____onthefloor.A.lainunconscious B.lyingunconsciousC.laidunconsciously D.lyingunconsciously11.—Whydon’tyouwearyourjoggingshorts,Mum?—Well,mylegsaretooskinny,ifyou_____know.should B.can C.need D.must12.—Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_____.—OK,I’llputtheminthecupboard.havebroken B.arebreaking C.getbroken D.willbebroken13.Mr.Smithisateacherwithrichteachingexperience,from_____muchcanbelearned.A.whom B.which C.where D.that14.______whatIhadoriginallythought,thetripturnedouttobefun.A.Insteadof B.Inspiteof C.Contraryto D.Becauseof15._____theworkingefficiency,thebossallowstheemployeestohaveacoffeebreak.A.Improving B.Toimprove C.HavingimprovedD.ImprovedKeys: 一，1-15ABDDABCBDBDCACB__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________完型填空。Mr.Blacklivedinacityandhehadafewshopsthere.Hiswifeoften1himwhenhewaspoor.Sohelovedherverymuch.One2morningthewoman3hercaronanicyroadanditfellintoariverandshe4intheaccident.Hewasvery5andalwaysfeltalone.Hisfriendsadvisedhimto6twoweeksinasmalltown7wasbyaforestandhadmuch8init.Heagreedwiththemandwenttherebyhimself.Butthereheoftencherishedthememoryof(怀念Oneafternoonhewaswalkinginthetownwhilehesawanoldman9someparrots.Hestoppedtolookatthemandtheoldmanaskedhimtobuyone.He10themostbeautifulparrotandasked,“Canitspeak?”“Yes,sir,”answeredtheoldman.“Howmuchdoesit11?”“Fortypounds.”“It’stoo12,”saidMr.Black.“Isit13fortypounds?”Theoldmansaid14andturnedtothebirdandrepeatedthequestion,“Areyouworthfortypounds,dear?”“Certainly,”thebirdanswered15.Mr.Blackloveditatonceandboughtit,Whenhegothome,hewantedto16itmore,butitcouldn’tlearnanything17“Certainly”.Onemorninghe18thebirdsay“Certainly”again,hebecameangryand19,“Onlyafool(傻瓜)spentfortypoundsonsuchastupid(愚蠢的)bird!”“Certainly.”answeredtheparrot.Mr.Blackbeganto20andsetitfree.1.A.saved B.saw C.helped D.protected2.A.rainy B.snowy C.windy D.cloudy3.A.mended B.repaired C.washed D.drove4.A.hurt B.ill C.died D.disabled5.A.sad B.lucky C.unhappy D.pleased6.A.take B.spend C.have D.own7.A.which B.who C.where D./8.A.trees B.birds C.flowers D.wildlife9.A.selling B.catching C.feeding D.showing10.A.bought B.touched C.pointedto D.lookedafter11.A.fly B.cost C.pay D.give12.A.cheap B.expensive C.nice D.bad13.A.worth B.cost C.worthy D.take14.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing15.A.clearly B.carefully C.angrily D.recently16.A.ask B.tell C.teach D.think17.A.without B.but C.except D.besides18.A.saw B.heard C.watched D.listenedto19.A.smiled B.jumped C.replied D.shouted20.A.control B.escape C.laugh D.believe二，写作。当前，“酒后驾车”(drinkinganddriving)成了人们热议的话题。请你根据以下提示就“酒后驾车谈谈个人看法：“酒后驾车”的危害。如：引发交通事故，造成交通堵塞，构成生命危险，造成财产损失等。你的建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头已写好，不计入总词数。 Nowadays,drinkinganddrivingisbecomingaheatedtopicamongpeopleinChina.Here,I’dliketoairmyviewsaboutit._________________________________________