2024高考英语一轮复习专题20 完形填空说明文狂刷20篇

专题20完形填空说明文狂刷20篇基础版基础版Passage1Anxiousexamcandidates’problemistherun-uporpreparation,nottheexamitself.Examsarealwaystenseandworrying,especiallyforthoseofananxiouspersonality.Thesilenceofthehall;the1oftheclock;thecontentexpressionofthepersonattheneighbouringdesk.Itthereforeseems2surprisingthatthosewhoworryabouttestsdosystematically3thanthosewhodonot.Unexpectedly,accordingtoaresearchinPsychologicalSciencebyMariaTheobald,itisnotthepressureoftheexamwhichcausestheproblem.Itisthe4pressure.WhatDrTherobaldfoundwasthat5onthedayofthetestdidnotpredictexamperformanceatall.Whatpredicteditwasthelevelofknowledgeastudent6intheearlierlearningactivitiesanddisplayedinthemock(模拟)exam.Thosewho7wellinthesealsodidwellintherealthing,8howanxioustheywereontheday.Whatactually9studentswerehighlevelsofanxietyduringtheweeksbeforetheexamtookplace.Thegreaterastudent’sanxietyinthedaysbeforetheexam,thelowerhisorherknowledge-gainwasduringthatperiod,leavingthatstudentwithlessmaterialto10duringtheexamitself.Thisisapositivediscovery,11itsuggeststheanxiousmightachievebetterresultbyadjustingtheirapproachwhenrevising.Dr.Theobaldnotesthattest-anxietyisatitsworstwhenstudentshavelow12ofsuccessandatthesametimeknowthatpassingtheexamis13important.Toreducethisanxiety,sheproposesa14forstudentstoconsiderastheyrevise.First,theycanraisetheirbeliefintheirownabilitiesbyremindingthemselvesofjusthowmuchtheyknow.Second,theycan15thesignificanceofthetestbyremindingthemselvesthat,whileitisimportant,itisnotalifeordeathsituation.Itreallyisn’t.1．A．swinging B．ticking C．dropping D．ringing2．A．slightly B．basically C．hardly D．completely3．A．worse B．better C．less D．higher4．A．presentation B．memory C．revision D．time5．A．atmosphere B．expression C．outcome D．anxiety6．A．prepared B．forgot C．gained D．increased7．A．performed B．responded C．behaved D．activated8．A．becauseof B．asfor C．exceptfor D．regardlessof9．A．tookback B．heldback C．pushedback D．broughtback10．A．record B．review C．recite D．reproduce11．A．for B．though C．and D．if12．A．spirits B．attitude C．expectation D．ideas13．A．immediately B．anxiously C．approximately D．extremely14．A．theory B．strategy C．plan D．decision15．A．decrease B．enhance C．realize D．recognize【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．C5．D6．C7．A8．D9．B10．D11．A12．C13．D14．B15．A【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了考试前的严重焦虑会影响测试结果，并提供了减少焦虑的方法和策略。1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大厅里的寂静；时钟的滴答声；邻桌人的表情。A.swinging摇摆；B.ticking钟滴答行走；C.dropping掉落；D.ringing响铃。根据前文“thoseofananxiousdisposition”及“theclock”可知，钟的滴答声会让考生紧张。故选B项。2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，那些担心考试的人比那些不担心考试的人表现得更差似乎不足为奇。A.slightly稍微；B.basically基本上；C.hardly几乎不；D.completely完全地。根据“thatthosewhoworryabouttestsdosystematically____3____thanthosewhodonot.”可知，越是担心考试的人越考得不好，这是不足为奇的，hardly表示否定，符合此处语境。故选C项。3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.worse更糟糕的；B.better更好的；C.less更少的；D.higher更高的。根据“thatthosewhoworryabouttestsdosystematically____3____thanthosewhodonot.”以及常识可知，担心考试的人会比不担心的人表现更糟糕。故选A项。4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：是复习压力。A.presentation颁发；B.memory记忆；C.revision修订、复习；D.time时间、次数。根据前文“itisnotthepressureoftheexamwhichcausestheproblem”并结合下文“intheearlierlearningactivitiesandthemockexam”可知，不是考试本身压力，而是复习压力会导致这些问题。故选C项。5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：塞洛博尔德博士发现，考试当天的焦虑程度根本不能预测考试成绩。A.atmosphere氛围、气氛；B.expression表达；C.outcome结果；D.anxiety焦虑。根据下文“Thosewho____7____wellinthesealsodidwellintherealthing,____8____howanxioustheywereontheday.”可知，考试当天的焦虑程度不能预测考试成绩。故选D项。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：预测结果的是学生在早期学习活动和模拟考试中获得的知识水平。A.prepared准备；B.forgot忘记；C.gained获得；D.increased增加。根据“Whatpredicteditwasthelevelofknowledge”及“intheearlierlearningactivitiesandthemockexam.”可知，学生在早期学习活动和模拟考试中收获的知识水平对于预测学生成绩很重要。故选C项。7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些在这些测试中表现好的人在真实测试中也表现得很好，不管他们当天有多焦虑。A.performed（成绩、学业）表现；B.responded回应；C.behaved（行为举止）表现；D.activated激活。根据“didwellintherealthing”可知，在早期和模拟测试中表现好的人在真实测试中也表现得很好。此处指的是学业上的表现。故选A项。8．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：同上。A.becauseof因为；B.asfor关于；C.exceptfor除了……外；D.regardlessof不管、无论。根据“howanxioustheywereontheday”可知，无论如何焦虑，之前的学业成绩好，真实测试中也会表现好。故选D项。9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：真正阻碍学生考试的是考试前几周的高度焦虑。A.tookback取回；B.heldback隐瞒、阻碍；C.pushedback推回；D.broughtback使……恢复。根据“highlevelsofanxietyduringtheweeksbeforetheexamtookplace”可知，考前高度焦虑才是真正阻碍学生发挥的因素。故选B项。10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个学生在考试前几天越焦虑，他或她在考试期间获得的知识就越少，在考试期间可以再现的材料就越少。A.record记录；B.review回顾、复习；C.recite背诵；D.reproduce复制、繁殖、再现。根据“duringtheexamitself”可知，学生考前越是焦虑，在考前复习获得的知识越少，从而在脑海中可以再现的知识材料就越少。故选D项。11．考查连词词义辨析。句意：这是一个积极的发现，因为它表明焦虑者在复习时通过调整他们的方法可能会获得更好的结果。A.for因为；B.though尽管；C.and并且；D.if如果。根据“itsuggeststheanxiousmightachievebetterresultbyadjustingtheirapproachwhenrevising.”可知，焦虑者在复习时通过调整他们的方法可能会获得更好的结果，前后文构成因果关系，因此这是一个积极的发现。故选A项。12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：塞洛博尔德博士指出，当学生对成功的期望很低，同时又知道通过考试是极其重要的时候，考试焦虑是最严重的。A.spirits精神；B.attitude态度；C.expectation期待；D.ideas主意。根据“test-anxietyisatitsworst”可知，当学生对成功的期望很低时，学生会十分焦虑。故选C项。13．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.immediately立即；B.anxiously焦急地；C.approximately大约；D.extremely极其地。根据“test-anxietyisatitsworst”并结合上一空语境可知，当期望很低，而考试又极其重要时，是最焦虑的时候。故选D项。14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了减少这种焦虑，她提出了一种策略供学生在复习时考虑。A.theory原理；B.strategy策略；C.plan计划；D.decision决定。根据下文“First,Second,”可知，此处Dr.Theobald提出了一种策略，帮助学生考试时缓解焦虑。故选B项。15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其次，他们可以通过提醒自己，虽然这很重要，但这不是生死攸关的情况，来降低测试的重要性。A.decrease减少；B.enhance增强；C.realize意识到、实现；D.recognize认出、辨别出。根据“whileitisimportant,itisnotalifeordeathsituation.Itreallyisn’t.”可知，Dr.Theobald建议学生们减少看待考试的重要性来减少焦虑。故选A项。Passage2Thepartoftheenvironmentalmovementthatdrawsmyfirm’sattentionisthedesignofbuildings.Today,thousandsofpeoplecometo16buildingconferences,andtheideathatbuildingscanbegoodforpeopleandtheenvironmentwillbeincreasingly17inyearstocome.Backin1984wediscoveredthatmostmanufacturedproductsfordecorationweren’tdesignedfor18use.The“energy-efficient”sealedcommercialbuildingsconstructedafterthe1970senergycrisis19indoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchaspaint,wallcoveringandcarpet.Sofor20years,we’vebeenlookingforwaystomakethesematerials20

forpeopleandtheplanet.Homebuilderscannowusematerials,suchasgreenpaints,thatreleasesignificantly21

amountsofchemicalcompounds,whichpeoplebelievedon’t22thequalityoftheair.

23,ourbasicdesignstrategyisfocusednotsimplyonbeing“lessbad”butoncreating24healthfulmaterialsthatcanbeeithersafelyreturnedtothesoilor25byindustryagainandagain.Forexample,theworld’slargestcarpetmanufacturerhasalready26acarpetthatisfullyandsafelyrecyclable.Lookatitthisway:noone27tocreateabuildingthatdestroytheplanet.Butourcurrentindustrialsystemsarebasicallycausingtheseconditions,whetherwelikeitornot.So

28ofsimplytryingtoreducethedamage,weare29apositiveapproach.We’regivingpeoplehigh-quality,healthfulproductsandanopportunitytomakechoicesthathavea30

effectontheworld.Itisnotjustthebuildingindustry,either.Entirecitiesaretakingtheseenvironmentallypositiveapproachestodesign,planningandbuilding.16．A．commercial B．green C．traditional D．simple17．A．efficient B．changeable C．influential D．effective18．A．relevant B．indoor C．flexible D．forward19．A．revealed B．displayed C．exhibited D．discovered20．A．careful B．comfortable C．stable D．safe21．A．reduced B．revised C．delayed D．defined22．A．destroy B．deny C．dissolve D．depress23．A．Anyway B．Besides C．Anyhow D．However24．A．exactly B．completely C．partially D．superficially25．A．restored B．regain C．reused D．retain26．A．developed B．stretched C．researched D．constructed27．A．setsoff B．setsabout C．setsout D．setsup28．A．instead B．because C．out D．regardless29．A．adjusting B．adopting C．adapting D．admitting30．A．functional B．sensible C．beneficial D．precious【答案】16．B17．C18．B19．A20．D21．A22．A23．D24．B25．C26．A27．C28．A29．B30．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了今天，成千上万的人参加绿色建筑会议，建筑对人类和环境有益的想法在未来几年将越来越有影响力。而作者他们也一直在寻找使材料对人类和地球安全的方法。16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，成千上万的人参加绿色建筑会议，建筑对人类和环境有益的想法在未来几年将越来越有影响力。A.commercial商业的；B.green绿色的、环境保护的；C.traditional传统的；D.simple简单的。根据后文“buildingscanbegoodforpeopleandtheenvironment”可知，建筑对人类和环境有益，说明是绿色（环保）建筑会议。故选B。17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，成千上万的人参加绿色建筑会议，建筑对人类和环境有益的想法在未来几年将越来越有影响力。A.efficient效率高的；B.changeable变化的；C.influential有影响力的；D.effective有效的。上文提到如今有成千上万的人参加绿色建筑会议，所以作者预测这一趋势在未来几年将越来越有影响力。故选C。18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：早在1984年，我们就发现大多数用于装饰的产品并不是为室内使用而设计的。A.relevant有关的；B.indoor室内的；C.flexible灵活的；D.forward向前的。根据后文“indoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchaspaint,wallcoveringandcarpet(室内空气质量问题是由油漆、墙面覆盖物和地毯等材料引起的)”可知，装饰室内的产品会引发空气质量问题，此处指用于装饰的产品并不是为室内使用而设计的。故选B。19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：20世纪70年代能源危机后建造的“节能”密封商业建筑暴露出由油漆、墙面和地毯等材料引起的室内空气质量问题。A.revealed揭露；B.displayed展示；C.exhibited展示；D.discovered发现。根据后文宾语“indoorairqualityproblems”可知，指暴露出了室内空气质量问题。故选A。20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，20年来，我们一直在寻找使这些材料对人类和地球安全的方法。A.careful仔细的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.stable稳定的；D.safe安全的。上文提到由油漆、墙面和地毯等材料引起的室内空气质量问题，所以是寻找对人类和地球安全的方法。故选D。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：房屋建筑商现在可以使用绿色涂料等材料，这些材料释放的化合物数量大大减少，人们认为这些化合物不会破坏空气质量。A.reduced减少的；B.revised改进的；C.delayed延时的；D.defined外形清晰的。根据上文“Homebuilderscannowusematerials,suchasgreenpaints”以及后文“amountsofchemicalcompounds”可知，使用绿色涂料等材料，会让这些材料释放的化合物数量大大减少，故选A。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：房屋建筑商现在可以使用绿色涂料等材料，这些材料释放的化合物数量大大减少，人们认为这些化合物不会破坏空气质量。A.destroy破坏；B.deny否定；C.dissolve解散；D.depress使沮丧。根据后文“thequalityoftheair”以及which指的是上文提到的绿色涂料材料释放的化合物数量大大减少的情况，所以是这些化合物不会破坏空气质量。故选A。23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的基本设计策略不仅仅是专注于“不那么糟糕”，而是创造完全健康的材料，这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤，也可以一次又一次地被工业重复使用。A.Anyway无论如何；B.Besides此外；C.Anyhow无论怎么；D.However然而。结合前后文语境可知此处为转折关系，应用however。故选D。24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的基本设计策略不仅仅是专注于“不那么糟糕”，而是创造完全健康的材料，这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤，也可以一次又一次地被工业重复使用。A.exactly恰好地；B.completely完全地；C.partially部分地；D.superficially肤浅地。后文提到“这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤，也可以一次又一次地被工业重复使用”，所以是创造完全健康的材料。故选B。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的基本设计策略不仅仅是专注于“不那么糟糕”，而是创造完全健康的材料，这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤，也可以一次又一次地被工业重复使用。A.restored恢复；B.regain重新获得；C.reused再用；D.retain保持。根据上文“healthfulmaterialsthatcanbeeithersafelyreturnedtothesoilor”可知，此处是在说明这种材料的好处，既可以安全地返回土壤，也可以一次又一次地被工业重复使用。故选C。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，世界上最大的地毯制造商已经开发出一种完全安全可回收的地毯。A.developed开发、研制；B.stretched拉长；C.researched研究；D.constructed建造。根据主语“theworld’slargestcarpetmanufacturer”可知，指世界上最大的地毯制造商已经开发出一种完全安全可回收的地毯。故选A。27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：从这个角度来看：没有人打算建造一座摧毁地球的建筑。A.setsoff出发；B.setsabout着手，开始；C.setsout（怀着目标）开始工作；D.setsup建立。根据后文“tocreateabuildingthatdestroytheplanet”指打算建造一座摧毁地球的建筑应用setouttodosth.(开始做某事)。故选C。28．考查连词和副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们不是简单地试图减少损害，而是采取一种积极的方法。A.instead相反；B.because因为；C.out出去；D.regardless不管。根据后文“ofsimplytryingtoreducethedamage”可知，我们不是简单地试图减少损害，而是采取一种积极的方法。为短语insteadof表示“而不是”。故选A。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们不是简单地试图减少损害，而是采取一种积极的方法。A.adjusting适应；B.adopting采取；C.adapting改编；D.admitting承认。根据后文“apositiveapproach”指采取积极的方法对建筑进行改造，应用动词adopt。故选B。30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们为人们提供高质量、健康的产品，让人们有机会做出对世界有益的选择。A.functional实用的；B.sensible理智的；C.beneficial有益的；D.precious宝贵的。根据上文“healthfulproductsandanopportunitytomakechoicesthathavea”以及后文“Entirecitiesaretakingtheseenvironmentallypositiveapproachestodesign,planningandbuilding.(整个城市都在采用这些对环境有益的方法进行设计、规划和建设)”可知，高质量、健康的产品，让人们有机会做出对世界有益的选择。故选C。Passage3Thehistoryofhumanbeingsisnaturallyaprocesstopursuehappiness,whichistheultimatepurposeoflife.Happinessmakesuscopewithourcareersenergeticallyandharmoniselife31.However,theword“pursue”evidencesthathappinessislikeahorizon(地平线),whenwemovefurther,it32away.Obviously,defininghappinesshas33mankindforthousandsofyearsbecauseindividualsallhavetheirown34and,morecritically,humandesiresarealmostlimitless.35isthecommonstandardforhappinessofmerchants,yettheirdreamsofbeingbillionairesandevenzillionairesalwaysfollowthefulfilmentsofthedreamsofbeingmillionaires.Theprocessofstrugglingformay-behappinessalwaysendsinmust-be36.Thus,thedefinitionofhappinesscanhardlybe37.Nevertheless,althoughhappinessisindefinable,itisstilleasyforustofindthe38examplesofhappypeople,who,infact,sharethreefeaturesincommon:optimisticmentality,39body,andstableincome.Itisapparentthatmostofthesufferingsare40byexternalsurroundingsandtheyarenearlyunavoidable.Thus,onecanonlychangehismentalityto41them.Meanwhile,withouthealthonecannotsustainhappinesstoenjoythe42oflife.Furthermore,toberealistic,abeggar,whilestrugglinginpoverty,canneverbeaspeacefulasamillionaire43onthePacificocean.Hence,stableincomeisalsosignificantforachievinghappiness.Tosummarise,todefinehappinesswillnotbesohardifhumanscanunderstandhappinessinastandardwayandeliminate(消灭)their44totally.However,beforetherealisationofthis45,beingoptimistic,healthy,andfinanciallyindependentmaybethe“keys”tohappiness.31．A．instantly B．optimistically C．permanently D．definitely32．A．gives B．breaks C．backs D．puts33．A．helped B．changed C．confused D．interrupted34．A．interpretations B．compositions C．solutions D．options35．A．Fame B．Health C．Liberty D．Wealth36．A．dissatisfaction B．sacrifice C．motivation D．success37．A．copied B．settled C．expected D．expanded38．A．unique B．walking C．rare D．running39．A．weak B．slim C．sound D．large40．A．broughtabout B．heldback C．cutdown D．pulledup41．A．find B．grasp C．test D．clear42．A．luxury B．cycle C．outcome D．sunshine43．A．singing B．living C．sailing D．flying44．A．greed B．fear C．dream D．poverty45．A．value B．goal C．cause D．potential【答案】31．B32．C33．C34．A35．D36．A37．B38．B39．C40．A41．D42．D43．C44．A45．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对幸福的定义每个人都有自己的理解，如果人类能够以标准的方式理解幸福，并完全消除他们的贪婪，那么定义幸福就不会那么难了。31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸福使我们精力充沛地应对事业，乐观地协调生活。A.instantly立刻；B.optimistically乐观地；C.permanently永久地；D.definitely肯定地。根据上文的Happiness可知，此处指“乐观地”协调生活。故选B项。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，“追求”这个词证明了幸福就像一个地平线，当我们走得更远时，它就会后退。A.gives给；B.breaks破坏；C.backs后退；D.puts放。分析句意再根据上文的horizon可知，此处指像地平线一样“后退”符合语境。故选C项。33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，几千年来，幸福的定义一直困扰着人类，因为每个人都有自己的解释，更重要的是，人类的欲望几乎是无限的。A.helped帮助；B.changed改变；C.confused困扰；D.interrupted打断。根据下文“Nevertheless,althoughhappinessisindefinable(然而，虽然幸福是难以定义的)”可知，此处指幸福的定义“困扰着人类”。故选C项。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.interpretations解释；B.compositions成分；C.solutions解决方法；D.options选择。根据上文第3题的分析可知，幸福的定义是困扰人的，所以此处指每个人都有自己的“解释”。故选A项。35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：财富是商人幸福的共同标准，但他们成为亿万富翁的梦想总是伴随着成为百万富翁的梦想的实现。A.Fame名誉；B.Health健康；C.Liberty自由；D.Wealth财富。根据下文的merchants可知，此处指“财富”是商人的标准。故选D项。36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为可能的幸福而奋斗的过程，总是以必然的不满而告终。A.dissatisfaction不满；B.sacrifice牺牲；C.motivation动机；D.success成功。根据上文“morecritically,humandesiresarealmostlimitless.(更重要的是，人类的欲望几乎是无限的)”可知，此处指必然以“不满”而告终。故选A项。37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，幸福的定义很难确定。A.copied复制；B.settled确定；C.expected期待；D.expanded扩大。根据上文第4题的分析可知，关于幸福每个人都有自己的解释，所以此处指幸福的定义很难“确定”。故选B项。38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，虽然幸福是不可定义的，但我们仍然很容易找到幸福的人的活生生的例子，他们实际上有三个共同的特征：乐观的心态，健康的身体和稳定的收入。A.unique独特的；B.walking活的；C.rare罕见的；D.running流动的。根据下文“examplesofhappypeople(幸福的人的例子)”可知，此处指“活生生的”人的例子。故选B项。39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.weak虚弱的；B.slim苗条的；C.sound健康的；D.large大的。分析句意再根据“stableincome”可知，此处指“健康的”身体，符合语境。故选C项。40．考查动词短语辨析。句意：很明显，大多数痛苦都是由外部环境引起的，而且几乎是不可避免的。A.broughtabout引起；B.heldback退缩；C.cutdown削减；D.pulledup突然停止，停车。根据下文“theyarenearlyunavoidable(它们几乎是不可避免的)”可知，此处是指痛苦由外部环境“引起”的符合语境。故选A项。41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，一个人只能改变自己的心态来清除它们。A.find发现；B.grasp抓住；C.test测试；D.clear清理。分析句意可知，空格后的them指代上文的“痛苦”，所以此处指“清楚”痛苦，符合语境。故选D项。42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，没有健康，人们就无法维持幸福，享受生活的阳光。A.luxury奢华；B.cycle循环；C.outcome结果；D.sunshine阳光。根据上文的withouthealth可知，没有健康就不能享受生活的“阳光”。故选D项。43．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：此外，实事求是地说，一个在贫穷中挣扎的乞丐永远不可能像一个在太平洋上航行的百万富翁那样平静。A.singing唱歌；B.living居住；C.sailing航行；D.flying飞行。根据下文“onthePacificocean(在太平洋上)”可知，此处指在太平洋上“航行”符合语境。故选C项。44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：总而言之，如果人类能够以标准的方式理解幸福，并完全消除他们的贪婪，那么定义幸福就不会那么难了。A.greed贪婪；B.fear害怕；C.dream梦想；D.poverty贫穷。根据上文“morecritically,humandesiresarealmostlimitless.”和“todefinehappinesswillnotbesohard(定义幸福就不会那么难了)”可知，此处指消灭“贪婪”符合语境。故选A项。45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在实现这个目标之前，乐观、健康和经济独立可能是幸福的“关键”。A.value价值；B.goal目标；C.cause原因；D.potential潜力。分析句意再根据上文的realisation可知，此处指实现“目标”。故选B项。Passage4‘Guilty’Pleasures?NoSuchThingWeknowthemwhenweseethem:TheTVshowsandmovieswelove,eventhoughwejustknowthey’rebad.Thetrashybookswesimplycan’t46.Theawfulearwormswehatetolove.Yes,theseareourguiltypleasures—whatsomepeopleconsiderthe47foodinourmediadiets.Butifweenjoythem,whyshouldwefeel48?Weshouldbefreetoenjoywhateverwelike!Andasitturnsout,theseso-called“guilty”pleasurescanactuallybegoodforus,solongasthey’reenjoyedin49.Takingamentalbreakandenjoyingsomethingthatdoesn’trequireintenseintellectual50getsusoutofproblem-solvingmode,saidRobinNabi,aprofessorofcommunicationattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whospecializesinmediaeffectsandemotion.Itcanalsoimproveourabilitytoproductivelydealwithstressorsandhelpus51morepositivelywithotherpeople.Ifthat’strue,thenwhydoguiltypleasuresgetsuchabad52?Well,it’snottheaddictionitself,butthe53wehavewhentalkingaboutthem.However,accordingtoexpertslikeDr.Nabi,feelingguiltyaboutordisparaging(贬低)activitiesweenjoycan54thebenefitstheyofferuswhilegettingridofself-imposed(自我强加的)embarrassmentaboutourinterestscanbeempoweringandenrichoursociallives,whichiswhyit’stimetoremove“guiltypleasure”fromourcollective55.Oneimportantvalueofaguiltypleasureisthebonditcancreatebetweenpeople.“Theseshowsareoutthereforareason—they’reresonating(产生共鸣的),”Dr.Nabisaid.Headdedthattheconnectionswemakewithotherswhoshareourinterestsinsuchthings“isnottobe56.”57,talkingaboutwhatweenjoycaneaseanyremainingguiltandmakesiteasiertodiscovermorethingsthatbringuspleasure.Beingabletotalk58aboutwhatweloveismorethanjustawaytospendthetime.Afterall,ifyoudon’tfeellikeyoucanbehonestaboutwhatTVpleasesyou,thenwhatelseareyou59yourselfandothers.Still,it’sbesttofollowtheage-oldadviceourparentstaughtus:Everythinginmoderation.Thoughguiltcanenhancepleasureinsomecases,itcanalsopushustoindulge(沉溺)in60wefeelguiltyaboutinothers.46．A．turndown B．takein C．tearapart D．putdown47．A．junk B．sugary C．spiritual D．transformative48．A．relaxed B．guilty C．helpless D．alert49．A．mass B．moderation C．minimum D．depression50．A．focus B．superiority C．quality D．development51．A．struggle B．charge C．engage D．persevere52．A．breakup B．principle C．condition D．reputation53．A．consciousness B．obligation C．attitudes D．requirements54．A．switch B．receive C．claim D．decrease55．A．vocabulary B．experience C．recognition D．target56．A．established B．underestimated C．found D．strengthened57．A．Inaddition B．Onthecontrary C．Allinall D．Therefore58．A．enthusiastically B．casually C．openly D．politely59．A．drivingaway B．insistingon C．pushingforward D．keepingfrom60．A．theories B．behaviors C．problems D．relationships【答案】46．D47．A48．B49．B50．A51．C52．D53．C54．D55．A56．B57．A58．C59．D60．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了事实证明，只要适度享受，这些所谓的“有罪的快感”对我们是有好处的。46．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们根本放不下那些垃圾书。A.turndown拒绝；B.takein吸收；C.tearapart撕破；D.putdown放下。根据“TheTVshowsandmovieswelove,eventhoughwejustknowthey’rebad.”可知，此处表示因为喜欢垃圾书，所以根本放不下它们。故选D。47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，这些都是我们的有罪的快感——有些人认为是我们媒体饮食中的垃圾食品。A.junk垃圾；B.sugary含糖的；C.spiritual精神上的；D.transformative有改革能力的。根据上文的“eventhoughwejustknowthey’rebad.”、“Thetrashybooks”和“Theawfulearworms”可知，此处指垃圾食品。故选A。48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果我们喜欢它们，我们为什么要感到有罪恶感呢？A.relaxed放松的；B.guilty有罪恶感的；C.helpless无助的；D.alert警觉的。根据上文的“Yes,theseareourguiltypleasures”可知，此处提出疑问“既然喜欢，为什么要有罪恶感？”故选B。49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，只要适度享受，这些所谓的“有罪”的快感实际上对我们有好处。A.mass大量；B.moderation适度；C.minimum最小值；D.depression抑郁。根据“Weshouldbefreetoenjoywhateverwelike!”和“theseso-called“guilty”pleasurescanactuallybegoodforus”可知，只要适度的喜欢，这些有罪的快感对我们是有好处的。故选B。50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：加州大学圣巴巴拉分校(UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara)专门研究媒体效应和情感的传播学教授罗宾·纳比(RobinNabi)说，让精神休息一下，享受一些不需要高度专注于智力的事情，可以让我们摆脱解决问题的模式。A.focus关注；B.superiority优势；C.quality质量；D.development发展。根据“enjoyingsomethingthatdoesn’trequireintenseintellectual”可知，此处表示享受一些不需要高度专注于智力的事情。故选A。51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还可以提高我们有效处理压力源的能力，帮助我们更积极地与他人交往。A.struggle奋斗；B.charge收费；C.engage从事；D.persevere坚持不懈。engagewith为固定短语，表示“与……交往，建立友好关系”。故选C。52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这是真的，那么为什么有罪的快感会有这么坏的名声呢？A.breakup破裂；B.principle原则；C.condition条件；D.reputation名声。根据“bad”和“Well,it’snottheaddictionitself”可知，有罪的快感有坏的名声。故选D。53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题不在于上瘾本身，而在于我们谈论上瘾时的态度。A.consciousness意识，知；B.obligation义务；C.attitudes态度；D.requirements要求。此处表示表明，罪恶的快感有坏的名声，是我们谈论它的态度有问题。故选C。54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，根据纳比博士等专家的说法，对我们喜欢的活动感到内疚或贬低会减少它们给我们带来的好处，而摆脱对我们的兴趣的自我强加的尴尬可以增强和丰富我们的社交生活，这就是为什么是时候把“有罪的快感”从我们的集体词汇中删除了。A.switch交换；B.receive接收；C.claim声称；D.decrease减少。根据“feelingguiltyaboutordisparaging(贬低)activitiesweenjoy”可知，对我们喜欢的活动感到内疚或贬低会减少它们给我们带来的好处。故选D。55．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.vocabulary词汇；B.experience经历；C.recognition识别；D.target目标。根据上文“feelingguiltyaboutordisparaging(贬低)activitiesweenjoycan9thebenefitstheyofferuswhilegettingridofself-imposed(自我强加的)embarrassmentaboutourinterestscanbeempoweringandenrichoursociallives”可知，对我们喜欢的活动感到内疚或贬低会减少它们给我们带来的好处，而摆脱对我们的兴趣的自我强加的尴尬可以增强和丰富我们的社交生活，因此要把“有罪的快感”从集体词汇中删除。故选A。56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他补充说，我们与在这类事情上有共同兴趣的人建立的联系“不可低估”。A.established建立；B.underestimated低估；C.found找到；D.strengthened加强。根据上文“Oneimportantvalueofaguiltypleasureisthebonditcancreatebetweenpeople.“Theseshowsareoutthereforareason—they’reresonating(产生共鸣的),”Dr.Nabisaid.”可知，我们与在这类事情上有共同兴趣的人建立的联系“不可低估”。故选B。57．考查介词短语和副词词义辨析。句意：此外，谈论我们喜欢什么可以减轻任何剩余的内疚感，使我们更容易发现更多给我们带来快乐的东西。A.Inaddition此外；B.Onthecontrary相反；C.Allinall总而言之；D.Therefore因此。上文“Oneimportantvalueofaguiltypleasureisthebonditcancreatebetweenpeople.”是在讲有罪的快感给我们带来的好处，空后内容继续说明好处，二者是并列的关系。故选A。58．考查副词词义辨析。句意：能够公开地谈论我们的所爱不仅仅是一种消磨时间的方式。A.enthusiastically热情地；B.casually随意地；C.openly公开地；D.politely有礼貌地。根据“talkingaboutwhatweenjoycaneaseanyremainingguiltandmakesiteasiertodiscovermorethingsthatbringuspleasure.”可知，此处说明公开谈论我们的所爱带来的好处。故选C。59．考查动词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，如果你觉得你不能诚实地说出什么电视节目让你高兴，那么你还对自己和他人隐瞒了什么呢？A.drivingaway赶走；B.insistingon坚持；C.pushingforward推进；D.keepingfrom隐瞒。根据“ifyoudon’tfeellikeyoucanbehonestaboutwhatTVpleasesyou”可知，如果你觉得你不能诚实地说出什么电视节目让你高兴，那么你对自己和他人就会有所隐瞒。故选D。60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然内疚在某些情况下可以增加快乐，但它也会促使我们沉迷于我们在其他情况下感到内疚的行为。A.theories理论；B.behaviors行为；C.problems问题；D.relationships关系。根据“Still,it’sbesttofollowtheage-oldadviceourparentstaughtus:Everythinginmoderation.”可知，任何事情都要适度，因为罪恶的快感会促使我们沉迷于我们在其他情况下感到内疚的行为。故选B。Passage5“Challenge-basedlearningisoftenfocusedonthechallengesthathaveglobalimpact.Thestudents,who61thechallenge,oftendon’tknowwhatthesolutionwillbe.Thefacilitatoriskeepingthemfrom62asolutiontooearly,andencouragestoanalyzethechallengefrommultiplepointsofview,andfromdifferentscientificperspectives,”saysVilmaSukacke,aresearcheratKaunasUniversityofTechnology(KTU),Lithuania.Suchalearningapproachisveryfittingtosustainabilityeducation,which,accordingtovariousscholars,63acontextual,problem-oriented,reflective,interdisciplinary(跨学科),collaborative,participatoryandempoweredlearningenvironment.Inotherwords,educatorshaveto64frommoretraditionalteacher-centrededucationtobecominginstructionaldesignersofstudent-centrededucation.Aimingtoevaluatethe65ofsuchapproaches,agroupofresearchersfromLithuanian,Danish,German,PortugueseandSpanishuniversitiesconductedasystematicliteraturereview,66thethreeactivelearningmethods,i.e..project,problemandchallenge-basedlearningaccordingtotheADDIE(analysis,design,development,implementation,andevaluation)framework.67theeducatorsagreethatproblem-basedlearning(PBL),project-basedlearning(PJBL)and,morerecently,challenge-basedlearning(CBL)areefficientinteachingthestudentsto68technologyinreal-lifesituationsandimprovingtheirtransversal(横向)skills,suchasteamwork,communicationandconflictresolution,theapplicationofthesemethodsintheclassroommaybechallengingforbothsides.“Inmypractice,Ihavenoticedthatsometimesstudentsare69innovativelearningmethodsandareconsideringthemasasortofagame.Astheseclassesoftentakeplaceinaplayfullenvironment,fullofdifferentpencils,colorfulnotesandbuildingblocks,it’sdifficultforthestudentstotakethem70.Therefore,it’sveryimportantto71themethodsandthegoalstothelearnersveryclearly,”saysProfessorSaulePetronienefromKTUFacultyofSocialSciences,ArtsandHumanities,aco-authorofthestudy.Accordingtoher,tosuccessfullyapplyunconventionalteachingmethodsisachallengeforabeginningteacher.However,thiseffort72,especiallywhenstudentscontinuetheiractivitiesoutsideschoolandfocusonsolving73socialproblems.Rescarchersbelievethatthe74ofCBL,PJBL,andPBLrequiresaparadigm(范式)shift,whereorganization,staffandstudentschangetheirviewtoeducationandlearning.Inthisprocess,bothteachersandstudentsneedtoapplynewskillsand75rolesthattheymightnothaveneededbefore.61．A．allow B．introduce C．accept D．expect62．A．carryingon B．focusingon C．applyingfor D．inquiringabout63．A．caresabout B．tellsof C．turnsto D．callsfor64．A．shift B．differ C．suffer D．learn65．A．outcome B．efficiency C．impact D．value66．A．exploring B．applying C．modifying D．explaining67．A．Whether B．Aslongas C．Although D．Because68．A．develop B．include C．associate D．integrate69．A．approving B．questioning C．preventing D．adopting70．A．affectionately B．calmly C．seriously D．coolly71．A．transfer B．change C．communicate D．express72．A．pays