广东省江门市2024届高三年级下册一模考试英语试卷(含答案)

广东省江门市2024届高三下学期一模考试英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一'阅读理解

Whetheryouareafineartloverorhistoryenthusiast,therearesomemuseumsthatyou

shouldvisitinyourlifetime.Here9salistofthebestmuseumsintheworld.

LELOUVRE,PARIS

AvisittotheLouvreletsvisitorsdiscoverancientcivilizationsandWesternartfromthe

MiddleAgesto1848.Thepalaceofthemuseum,datingbacktothetwelfthcenturyand

developedbyarchitectsfrom1200to2011,isalessoninarchitecture.Themostfamousart

workisLeonardodaVinci9s“MonaLisa”.

THEUFFIZIGALLERIES,FLORENCE

Themuseumoccupiesalargebuildingconstructedbetween1560and1580.Ifsfamous

foritsoutstandingcollectionsofancientsculpturesandpaintingsfromtheMiddleAgestothe

Modernperiod,andmainlyknownforitspaintingsbyItalianartists.

THEBRITISHMUSEUM,LONDON

Asthefirstnationalmuseumtocoverallfieldsofhumanknowledge,itwasfoundedin

1753andopeneditsdoorsin1759.Itseightmillionobjectsallowustoexplorethediversity

ofhumancultures,anddiscovertheexpressionsinhumanbeing'slife.Itboaststheworld's

secondfinestcollectionofEgyptianantiques.

THEMETROPOLITANMUSEUMOFART,NEWYORK

Alsoknownas“theMet",it'sthelargestartmuseumintheAmerica.Presentingover

5,000yearsofartfromaroundtheworld,themuseumlivesintwositesinNewYork:The

MetFifthAvenueandTheMetCloisters.Sinceitsfoundingin1870,ithasbeenatreasuryof

rareandbeautifulobjects,rangingfromEuropeanpaintings,Egyptiancollectionsto

Americanpaintings.

1.WhichmuseumisbestknownforancientstatuesintheMiddleAges?

A.TheLouvre.B.TheUffiziGalleries.

C.TheBritishMuseum.D.TheMetropolitanMuseum.

2.WhatcanvisitorsenjoyinboththeBritishMuseumandtheMet?

A.ArtworksfromEgypt.B.Expressionsaroundtheworld.

C.Rareobjectsofhumanculture.D.PaintingsfromEuropeandAmerica.

3.Whereisthistextmostprobablytakenfrom?

A.Anintroductiontoarts.B.Anessayonarchitecture.

C.Aguidebooktomuseums.D.AreviewofEgyptianpaintings.

Acrosstheworld,humanspurchasearound1.3billionsingle-useplasticwaterbottlesaday.

Becauseonlyabout9%ofplasticisrecycled,thevastmajorityofthosebottleswindupin

landfills,theocean,orelsewhereinnature.

Whenbeach-lovingMadisonnoticedthoseplasticbottlesduringherfamily'stripsto

California,the12-year-old'justfeltlikethisneededtochange/9shetoldSmithsonian

Magazine.

Soasshebeganthinkingaboutwhattodoforherschoolsciencefairbackin2021,theidea

ofaprojectcenteredonreducingplasticpollutionquicklycametohermind:shewould

designaneatablewaterbottlecalledtheEco-Hero.

“Oneofmybiggestambitionsformyprojectwaswantingtohelptheworld/9theconfident

younginventorsaidinavideoonthewebsite.

Tobringherideatolife,Madisonbuiltuponthealreadyestablishedmethodby

experimentingwithcommonfoodmaterials.Shealsotookinspirationfrompreviousversions

ofeatablewaterbottles,thoughshefocusedonmakinghersbiggerandmoredurable.She

foundthatthecombinationofwater,lemonjuice,naturalgum,andAlginicacid（褐藻酸）

resultedinagelpouchthatwouldn'tbreak,couldholdupto3/4cupofwater,andwouldlast

inthefridgeforthreeweeks.

Thoughshe'dliketoimprovetheEco-Herobymakingitabletoholdmorewater,she

believeshercurrentversionwouldworkwellasareplacementforthepapercupsusedby

runnersinraces.Alloneneedstodoisbiteaholeinthewaterball,drinkthewater,andthen

eatthepouchorthrowitawaytobiodegrade.

MadisonhopestheEco-Heroinspiresotherstotakebettercareoftheplanet."Itdoesn't

necessarilyhavetobeinabigway,“shetoldSmithsonian."Peoplecanstillmakea

differenceintheworld,evenififsjustinasmallway.”

4.WhatinspiredMadison'sdesignofaneatablewaterbottle?

A.Herschool'stask.B.Herfamily'surge.

C.Herlovefornature.D.Hertripstothebeach.

5.WhatcanweknowabouttheEco-Hero?

A.Itisacopyofthepreviousversions.

B.Itismadefromunbreakablematerials.

C.Itisanimprovementinsizeanddurability.

D.Ithasaholeandshouldbedisposedonceused.

6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMadison?

A.Ambitiousandcreative.B.Talentedanddetermined.

C.Courageousandconfident.D.Cooperativeandcommitted.

7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Agoodbeginningishalfdone.B.Smallpeoplemakebigmoves.

C.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

Demographicchanges,suchasagingpopulationsanddecliningbirthrates,posechallenges

aswellasofferopportunitiesforindustriesandcountries.Toovercomethechallengesand

seizetheopportunities,especiallytoachievelong-termeconomicsustainability,economies

needtoenhancepoliciespromotinginnovations.

NowmanycountriesinEastAsiaarefacingtheagingpopulationanddecliningworking­

agepopulationproblem.Comparedwithotheradvancedcountries,Japanencounteredthe

populationagingproblemataslightlyearlierstage,startinginthemid-1990s.AsJapan's

percentageofelderlypopulationtothetotalpopulationincreased,itimpactedthecountry's

economy,leadingtoacontractionindomesticdemandanddeclineinbothproductionand

consumption,andrestrictingthegrowthofeconomy.

SomeinnovativecompanieshaveactivelyincreasedoutwardFDI(ForeignDirect

Investment),providingcostadvantagesfrominexpensiveoverseaslabortomaintaintheir

costcompetitiveness.However,theglobaleconomyisfacingthechallengeofdecliningtrade

owingtotheprotectionismpracticedbycertaincountries.Consequently,thechancesof

boostinggrowththroughoutwardFDImaybelimited.

Developingartificialintelligenceisanothersolutiontothenegativeimpactsofthe

demographicchanges.AIandroboticswillplayacrucialroleinstimulatingproductivityand

innovationbymakingpaymentforthedeclineintheworking-agepopulation,andthe

followingincreaseinproductivitywillinturnraisethedemandforlaborbycreatingnew

employmentopportunities.

AI,roboticsandotheradvancedtechnologiesgiverisetonewtaskswithintheirfieldsand

acrossothersectors.Therefore,itisnecessarytoemploycooperationpoliciestosupport

corporationsthatpromoteinnovationsbyincreasinginvestmentinresearchanddevelopment,

facilitatingthegrowthofnewcompanies,andbuildingaperfectsystemtoprotectintellectual

properties.SinceAIandroboticsmayreplacecertainjobs,itisessentialtoaddressthe

potentialchallengestheymaycreateinthelabormarketandworkoutstrategiestoensurea

balancedandcomprehensivetransition.

8.Whatdoweknowaboutdemographicchangesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Thereisnoneedtoworrysincethechangesofferopportunities.

B.Thechangeswon'taffectthelong-termeconomicsustainability.

C.Japanistheonlyadvancedcountryfacingthechangesatpresent.

D.Thingsshouldbedonetoovercomethechallengesposedbythechanges.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"contraction“meaninthesecondparagraph?

A.Push.B.Decrease.C.Pause.D.Change.

10.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetoFDI?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Objective.D.Indifferent.

11.Whatdoesthewriteradvisetotacklethenewtasksposedbyadvancedtechnologies?

A.Withdrawinginvestmentinresearchanddevelopment.

B.Adoptingpoliciesthatencourageinnovationofcorporations.

C.Establishingnewcompaniestoprotectintellectualproperties.

D.Creatingpotentiallabormarketformorepossibleemployments.

Figuringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareorjust-good-at-hidingspecieshas

longposedchallengesforecosystemmonitoringandconservationefforts.Traditionalsurvey

methodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA

(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.

Scientistscollectwaterorsoilsamplesfromanenvironmentandextract(提取)anyDNA

tracesleftbehindbyorganisms.ThisistheenvironmentalDNA(eDNA).Theythenuseone

ofthetwoanalysismethods一quantitativePCR(qPCR)orDNAsequencing(DNA测序).

SimilartoCOVIDtests,qPCRisusedtodetectifaspecificspecies9DNAisinthesample.

Forexample,researcherstestedriverwatereDNAtoseeifendangeredfishXwaspresent.

Whenitwasdetected,theyconfirmedthatthefishlivedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.

DNAsequencinganalyzesallDNAinthesampleatonce.ScientistscanthenmatchtheDNA

barcodestodatabasestoidentifywhichspecieswereinthesampledenvironment.

AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynewspeciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotos

andvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthereferencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesin

itsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectall

kindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,

includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.Oneofthemostsignificantadvantagesof

eDNAsamplingisthatitallowsscientiststodetectspeciesthataredifficulttoseeorcapture.

Thisisparticularlyusefulwhenstudyingrareorverysmallspecies,orwhenworkingin

environmentslikedarkwaterwherevisibilityislimited.

Thisisjustthestart.ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollectedfromthemost

remoteoceansbyautonomousvehicles,analyzedbythedroneoronboardaresearchvessel

（船舰），andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagersandthepubliccansee

near-real-timedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.Sciencefiction?Notanymore.

12.Whafstheauthor'spurposeofmentioningtheexampleinParagraph2?

A.ToexplaintheprocessofqPCRanalysismethod.

B.TointroducethedefinitionofenvironmentalDNA.

C.Totellthedifferencebetweentwoanalysismethods.

D.ToshowthesimilaritybetweenqPCRandCOVIDtests.

13.WhafstheadvantageofeDNAsampling?

A.Itcandetectspeciesfromphotosandvideos.

B.Itcanhelpscientistscaptureendangeredspecies.

C.Itenablesscientiststoworkininvisibleenvironment.

D.Itcanidentifyanylivingcreaturewithasampleofit.

14.WhatcouldeDNAdatabeappliedtointhefuture?

A.Studyingmicrobialcommunities.

B.Analyzingdiversitychangesovertime.

C.Collectingspeciesinnewenvironments.

D.Offeringstatisticsforoceansupervision.

15.Whafsthemainideaofthetext?

A.Scientistshavemadeabreakthroughinundersearesearch.

B.Rarespecieshavebeendiscoveredwithtwoanalysismethods.

C.Newbiodiversitymonitoringtechniquesarearoundthecorner.

D.Traditionalsurveymethodsareabandonedfortheirshortcomings.

二、七选五

16.It'snosurprisethatthere'salinkbetweenexerciseandmentalhealth.Butscientists

havenowmadeitofficial:researchhasfoundadirectconnectionbetweenmovementand

mood.Whydoesexerciseholdsomanybenefitsforourmentalhealth?①.

Whenourmusclestighten,chainsofaminoacids（氨基酸）calledmyokines（肌细胞因子）

arereleasedintothebloodstream.②.Thiscommunicationincreasesadaptationtostress,

reducessymptomsofanxietyandhasadirecteffectondepression.

ArecentstudypublishedintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicineshowedthattreatment

fordepressioncanbemuchmoreeffectivewhenphysicalactivityisaddedtotheusualcare.

（3）.“Whileexerciseisnotasubstituteforprofessionalmentalhealthtreatment,physical

activitycancomplementandenhancetheeffectsofthetreatment/9saysleadresearcherBen

Singh,aresearchfellowattheUniversityofSouthAustralia.Hesaysregularexerciseina

groupsettingcanboostself-esteemanddecreasefeelingsofisolationandloneliness.

Exercisehelpsbuildkeyconnectionsbetweenthenetworkswithinthebrain,too.（4）.

Studieshaveshownthatphysicalactivitystimulatescreativity,sharpensjudgementskillsand

improvesmentalenergy.Itcanalsohelptoslowage-relatedcognitivedecline,possiblyeven

slowingthepaceofdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease.

⑤.Inthiswayyou'llkeepgoingbacktothem.Expertssuggestthatyouaimfora

minimumof10to30minutes,threetofivedayseachweek.Gettingsweatyisgoodforyour

bodyandmind.

A.Itcanimproveoverallcognitiveperformance

B.Theyhelpyourmusclesandorganscommunicate

C.Theanswer,studiessay,liesinourbrainchemistry

D.Herearethesuggestionsthatyouaresupposedtopayattentionto

E.Itisamazingtoconsiderhowmovingourbodiescanaffectourminds

F.Togetthebiggesthealthboost,thekeyistobeengagedinsportsyouenjoy

GParticipantsfoundbenefitsafter12weeksofexercisingfor30to60minutesaday

三、完形填空（15空）

In2014,asophomorestudentattheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArtswentwith

friendsforabirthdaycelebrationtoBeijingZoo.Littledidheknowthatachance1atthe

aquarium（水族馆）therewouldlightalifelongpassion.

Fast-forwardtotoday,Xu,aBeijingnative,has2tothetropicalislandofSouth

China'sHainanprovince,whereheservesasacoral3foraSanya-basedtropical

biologicallaboratoryattachedtotheChineseAcademyofSciences.

Eachday,hespendsseveralhoursdivingdeepunderthewavestoobserveand4the

growthanddevelopmentofthecreaturesthat5himallthoseyearsago.Xu,whois

nicknamed"coralman”,is6engagedonsuchsocialmediaplatformsasSinaWeibo,

whereheregularlysharesvisuallyamazingphotosandentertainingvideosofcorals.Heaims

to7individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefs（珊瑚礁）andtheoceansasawhole.

ForXu,whohadbeenstudyingPekingOperasincechildhood,becomingacoral

conservationistwasan8turnofevents.Afterhefirstsawcoralsattheaquarium,he

beganto9thelocalmarkettolearnaboutcoral10frommerchantswhosell

decorativeplants,fishandcorals.Healso11informationonline.Beforelong,hehadset

upasmallfishtankathomeandstartedcultivatingacoral.

“Thecoralorganismisquitesensitivetoitsenvironmentandhasextremelyhigh12

forwaterquality,"recallsXu.“WhenIstartedgrowingcoral,itsstatewasnot13:'But

asXugainedmore14aboutcoral,includinghowtocontrolfactorslikewater

temperatureandpHlevels,hiscoralgraduallystartedtoflourish.Healsolearnedthatcoral

reefsareknownas"tropicalrainforests^^and"underwatergardens"oftheocean,providinga

15__foraquarterofallseacreatures.

17.A.accidentB.encounter

C.applicationD.performance

18.A.movedB.driven

C.appealedD.signaled

19.A.educatorB.ambassador

C.artistD.conservationist

20.A.approveB.increase

C.documentD.smooth

21.A.separatedB.relieved

C.preservedD.fascinated

22.A.activelyB.finally

C.universallyD.skillfully

23.A.teachB.arrangeC.encourageD.force

24.A.impracticalB.unexpected

C.unfortunateD.unacceptable

25.A.frequentB.expand

C.manageD.improve

26.A.sellingB.observing

C.farmingD.decorating

27.A.answeredforB.broughtin

C.searchedforD.gaveout

28.A.requirementsB.reputations

C.periodsD.priorities

29.A.pureB.goodC.confusingD.strict

30.A.evidenceB.care

C.equipmentD.knowledge

31.A.mapB.homeC.platformD.container

四、短文填空

32.2024istheYearoftheDragonintheChinesecalendaranditisthefirsttimethatthe

OxfordEnglishDictionary(OED)①(include)theterm"Chinesedragon99inits

dictionary.TheChinesedragonhastwodefinitionsintheOED,withthefirstoneaboutits

physicalimageandthesecondoneonitsfigurativeandallusive(典故的)nature.

EmperorsinancientdynastiesweredressedinaDragonRobe,atraditionalsilk-woven

costumewithdragondesigns,②(symbolize)imperialpowerandauthority.JadeSeals

(玉玺)，often(3)(carve)withdragons,alsosymbolizetheauthorityoftheemperor.

Contrary④theWesterndragon,theimageoftheChinesedragon,despiteundergoing

constantchanges,hasrepresentedvarious9positive⑤(quality)includingprosperity,

authority,strengthandgoodfortune.

InancientChinesebelief,dragons⑥(associate)withthecontroloftheweather,

particularlyrain.Thedragon'sabilitytobringrainwasseenascrucialforagriculture,which

madeit⑦positivesymbolforthefertilityoftheland.

WiththerisingChinaChictrendandthecountry'sboomingculturalcreativeindustry,the

Chinesedragoninfolktaleisnow(§)(common)seenincreativeproductssuchastear-

offcalendars,dolls,dragon-themedjewelryaswellasthe“dragonblindboxes"⑨

appealtoyoungconsumers.

Whetheritisthroughthehandsofanational-levelintangible(非物质)culturalheritage

inheritor⑩thehandsofaGenerationZ"blindbox“designer,theChinesedragon

carriesforwardtheChineseculturalspirit.

五、书面表达

33.假定你是李华，周末你市美术馆要举办中国画展，请你写一封邮件邀请交流生朋

友Tom一起前往观展，内容包括：

1.观展安排；

2.注意事项。

注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearTom,

Yours,

LiHua

六、读后续写

34.PostcardsFromtheWorld

Whilethesunwashedoverthegrassofmynanny'sfrontgarden,Isunkintothefamiliarity

ofoneofherarmchairs.Mylifewaschanged,becausemybelovednannyhadcancer.Itwas

terminal,andcouldneverbecured.

AsshewatchedGetawayontelevision,shetoldmethatshe'dneverleftAustraliaandthat

nowsheneverwould.Iswallowedthesadnessthatcamewithknowingthatchaptersofher

lifeweretobeleftunwritten.

Atwork,feelinghelpless,Iwipedtablesandtookordersandthought.TheSaturday

afternoonlunchrushwasnotenoughtodistractmefrommythoughts.Strickenwithgrief,I

ponderedthepowerofFacebookandthecollectivestrengthofhumanempathy.Iracedfrom

theendofmyshifttoaskstrangersontheInternetforhelp.

"MynannyDelhascancer.It'sterminalandshewillneverseetheworld.Pleasesendher

postcardssoshecanseetheworldfromherarmchair.Icanoffernothingbutgratitude."

Iresolvednottobreatheawordofthis;shouldnothingcome,Icouldn'tbeartoseeher

disappointment.Shouldsomethingwanderintoourhumblelittleletterbox,Iwouldconsider

itablessingandembraceitlikeIembracedherlittle,shrinkingframe.

DaysturnedtoweeksandNanny'shealthworsenedrapidlyintheearlymonthsof2018.

Lifetookmethroughmyfull-timestudy,babysittingandwaitingtables,alongwiththe

responsibilityofcaringforagrandparentwhowastoosicktocareforherself.AsIhelped

Nannyintheearlyhoursofthosemornings,shewouldchattomeaboutjoysandsorrows.

Whatevershesharedbecameprecious.

注意:续写词数应为150左右。

Oneafternoon,finally,apostcardfromtheUnitedStatesarrivedatourletterbox.

Inthemonthsthatfollowed,herlivingroombecameadeparturehallandourflights

departeddaily.

参考答案

1.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段"It'sfamousforitsoutstandingcollectionsofancient

sculpturesandpaintingsfromtheMiddleAgestotheModemperiod,andmainlyknownfor

itspaintingsbyItalianartists.（它以其从中世纪到现代时期的古代雕塑和绘画的杰出收

藏而闻名，主要以意大利艺术家的绘画而闻名）”可知，乌菲齐美术馆以中世纪的古代

雕像而闻名。故选B。

2.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Itboaststheworld'ssecondfinestcollectionof

Egyptianantiques.（它拥有世界上第二好的埃及古董收藏）"以及最后一段"Sinceits

foundingin1870,ithasbeenatreasuryofrareandbeautifulobjects,rangingfromEuropean

paintings,EgyptiancollectionstoAmericanpaintings.（自1870年成立以来，它一直是稀有

和美丽物品的宝库，从欧洲绘画，埃及收藏品到美国绘画）"可知，游客在大英博物馆

和大都会博物馆都能享受到埃及的艺术品。故选A。

3.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"Whetheryouareafineartloverorhistoryenthusiast,

therearesomemuseumsthatyoushouldvisitinyourlifetime.Here'salistofthebest

museumsintheworld.（无论你是美术爱好者还是历史爱好者，总有一些博物馆是你一生

中应该去参观的。这里是世界上最好的博物馆的名单）”结合文章主要介绍了世界著名

的四大艺术博物馆，让读者了解它们的建筑历史、展品特点以及其它的一些相关信

息、。可推知，文章最有可能选自一本博物馆指南。故选C。

4.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Whenbeach-lovingMadisonnoticedthoseplasticbottles

duringherfamily'stripstoCalifornia,the12-year-old'justfeltlikethisneededtochange.5

shetoldSmithsonianMagazine（当热爱海滩的Madison在加利福尼亚的家庭旅行中注意

到这些塑料瓶时，这位12岁的女孩•觉得这需要改变，，她告诉《史密森尼杂志》广可

知,Madison在加利福尼亚的家庭旅行中发现海滩上有塑料瓶，这让她产生了设计可食用

水瓶的想法。故选D。

5.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的"Shealsotookinspirationfrompreviousversionsof

eatablewaterbottles,thoughshefocusedonmakinghersbiggerandmoredurable.（她还从以

前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用）”可知，她设计的

水瓶在体积和耐用性上有了改善。故选C。

6.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Tobringherideatolife,Madisonbuiltuponthe

alreadyestablishedmethodbyexperimentingwithcommonfoodmaterials.Shealsotook

inspirationfrompreviousversionsofeatablewaterbottles,thoughshefocusedormaking

hersbiggerandmoredurable.（为了将她的想法付诸实践,Madison在已经建立的方法的基

础上，对常见的食物材料进行了实验。她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注

于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用）”可推测出,Madison根据已经建立的方法和从以前的可

食用水瓶中获得的灵感，通过实验设计出了更大、更耐用的水瓶，由此可推测出,她是一

个有创造力的（creative）人。根据第四段“Oneofmybiggestambitionsformyprojectwas

wantingtohelptheworld,5theconfidentyounginventorsaidinavideoonthewebsite.（这位

自信的年轻发明家在网站上的一段视频中说:‘我对这个项目最大的抱负之一是想帮助世

界。”可知，她有帮助世界的抱负,由此可推测出，她是一个有抱负的（ambitious）人。故选

Ao

7.答案：B

解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中Madison的话“Itdoesn'tnecessarily

havetobeinabigway（这不一定要很大）"和"Peoplecanstillmakeadifferenceintheworld,

evenifit'sjustinasmallway.（人们仍然可以在世界上有所作为，即使只是在很小的方面）”

可知，年仅12岁的女孩Madison设计出了可食用的水瓶用自己的方式帮助保护环境，她

认为人们不一定要做出非常大的成就，小事情也能有重要影响，所以B项“小人物也能有

大成就”适合作本文标题。故选B。

8.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"Toovercomethechallengesandseizetheopportunities,

especiallytoachievelong-termeconomicsustainability,economiesneedtoenhancepolicies

promotinginnovations.（为克服挑战、抓住机遇，特别是实现经济的长期可持续性，各经济

体需要加强促进创新的政策）”可知，我们应该采取措施来克服人口变化带来的挑战。故

选D。

9.答案：B

解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“AsJapan'spercentageofelderlypopulationtothe

totalpopulationincreased,itimpactedthecountry'seconomy”以及后女"indomesticdemand

anddeclineinbothproductionandconsumption,andrestrictingthegrowthofeconomy”可矢口,

随着日本老龄人口比例的上升，国家经济受到影响，国内需求“减少”，从而导致生产力和

消费下降，经济的增长也受到约束，故划线词意思是“减少”。故选B。

10.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Someinnovativecompanieshaveactivelyincreased

outwardFDI（ForeignDirectInvestment）,providingcostadvantagesfrominexpensive

overseaslabortomaintaintheircostcompetitiveness.However,theglobaleconomyisfacing

thechallengeofdecliningtradewingtotheprotectionismpracticedbycertaincountries.

Consequently,thechancesofboostinggrowththroughoutwardFDImaybelimited.（一些仓

新型企业积极增加对外直接投资（FDI）,利用海外廉价劳动力的成本优势保持成本竞争

力。然而，由于某些国家实行保护主义,全球经济正面临贸易下降的挑战。因此,通过对

外直接投资促进增长的机会可能有限）”可推知，作者分别提到了FDI的优点和缺点，即对

FDI的态度是客观的。故选C。

11.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段"Therefore,itisnecessarytoemploycooperation

policiestosupportcorporationsthatpromoteinnovationsbyincreasinginvestmentin

researchanddevelopment,facilitatingthegrowthofnewcompanies,andbuildingaperfect

systemtoprotectintellectualproperties.（因此，有必要通过加大研发投入、促进新企业成

长、建立完善的知识产权保护制度等合作政策，支持推动创新的企业）”可知，作者建议采

取鼓励企业创新的政策来应对先进技术带来的新任务。故选B。

12.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods-

quantitativePCR（qPCR）orDNAsequencing（DNA测序）.SimilartoCOVIDtests,qPCRis

usedtodetectifaspecificspecies5DNAisinthesample.Forexample,researcherestedriver

watereDNAtoseeifendangeredfishXwaspresent.Whenitwasdetected,theyconfirmed

thatthefishlivedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.（然后人们使用两种分析方法中的

一种-定量PCR（qPCR）或DNA测序（DNA测序）。与COVID测试类似,qPCR用于检测

样品中是否存在特定物种的DNA。例如，研究人员测试了河水的eDNA,看看是否存在

濒危鱼类Xo当它被发现时，他们没有直接看到它就能确认鱼生活在那条河里。厂可知,

作者在第二段提到这个例子的目的是说明qPCR分析方法的过程。故选A。

13.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段前两“AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynew

speciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotosandvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthe

referencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesinitsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.

Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectallkindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,

inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,includingthedeepseaandunderground

caves.（虽然eDNA采样不能识别新物种，或者那些只从照片和视频中知道的物种，如果它

们没有被列入参考数据库，但它的真正力量在于它能够捕获范围广泛的生物。只需一个

样本，科学家就可以在几乎任何有生命存在的环境中探测到各种生物,从细菌到鲸鱼，包

括深海和地下洞穴。）”可知,eDNA取样的优势是它可以用它的样本识别任何生物。故

选D。

14.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段"ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollected

fromthemostremoteoceansbytheautonomousaresearch,analyzedbythedroneoron

boardaresearchvessel（舰），andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagers

andthepubliccanseenear-realtimedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.（想象一下未来

eDNA数据可以由自动驾驶车辆从最偏远的海收集，由无人机或研究船上进行分析，并与

其他监测数据相结合，这样海洋管理者和公众就可以看到有关海洋状况的近实时数

据。广可知,eDNA数据在未来可以应用于为海洋监管提供统计数据。故选D

15.答案：C

解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Figuringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareor

just-good-athidingspecieshaslongposedchallengesforecosystemnonitoringand

conservationefforts,Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimited

areas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA（eDNA）techniqueopennewpossibilities.（长期以

来，弄清楚生物多样性的模式，探测稀有或善于隐藏的物种,一直是生态系统监测和保护

工作的挑战。传统的调查方法是劳动密集型的，覆盖范围有限。现在，新兴的环境

DNA（eDNA）技术开启了新的可能性。广可知，文章主要是讲新的生物多样性监测技术即

将问世。故选C。

16.答案：C;B;G;A;F

解析：①根据上文"Whydoesexerciseholdsomanybenefitsforourmentalhealth?（为什么

运动对我们的儿理健康有这么多好处?）"可知，本句主要回答上文的问题，结合后文“When

ourmusclestighten,chainsofaminoacids（氨基酸）calledmyokines（肌细胞因子are

releasedintothebloodstream4当我们的肌肉收紫时，被称为肌促因子的氨基酸链被释放到

血液中）“提到chainsofaminoacids氨基酸链的被释放，现了正是C选项中chemistry的

体现。故C选项”研究表明，答案在于我们大脑中的化学物质”符合语境故选C。

②根据上文“Whenourmusclestighten,cha