高中英语学业水平测试复习题型Ⅱ专题4词句猜测题课件

第三部分突破五大题型专题4词句猜测题——上下求索，字斟句酌词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。[常见的设问方式]1．Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans“________”．2．Theunderlinedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby“________”．3．Whatdoestheexpression“...”standfor?4．Bysaying“...”wemean________．5．Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？6．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“...”？[解题技法]技法一词汇含义猜测题——巧用线索猜词义词汇含义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。阅读文章时要会巧用线索来猜词义，如：1．根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测。有些文章，特别是科技说明文，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可猜测出该词或短语的意思。有时，需要猜测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。2．根据构词法进行猜测。英语中通过词根加词缀或两个单词合成的方式可以构成新词。因此，根据一定的构词法知识，再结合上下文语境，也可以快速猜测词义。例如：Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry.分析：根据构词法知识我们可知，un­为否定前缀，­ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。3．根据因果关系进行猜测。在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中，若两个事物或两种现象之间构成因果关系，这时我们可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推断词或短语的含义。表示因果关系的标志词汇有because，so，thus，therefore，asaresultof，since，sothat，so/such...that...等。4．根据同义或近义关系进行猜测。在画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往暗示了该词或该短语的含义，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词或短语的含义。常见的表示相同或相近意义的词和短语有and，or，like，aswell，similarly，too，also，either等。5．根据反义、转折和对比关系进行猜测。有些需要猜测词义的词或短语前后会出现表示转折或对比的词语，运用这些词语也可以帮助猜测词义。能体现转折、对比关系的词汇很多，常见的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead(of)，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，onthecontrary等。6．根据上下文进行猜测。有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来考查的热点。技法二代词指代猜测题——“就近原则”判指代代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。

常用“就近原则”来判断代词的指代。做题的流程如下：第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。第二步：熟悉代词的含义1．it/this/that可指代一件事。2．it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。3．which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。第三步：替换核实再比较1．用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。2．比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。技法三句意猜测题——“意义吻合”推句意阅读理解有时对某一个句子的外延含义进行考查，因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意猜测题。句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。1．返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对需要推理的句意的理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。2．归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项。一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只是用其他的词汇和句式来进行相同的意思的表达。Passage1ScientistshavenotfoundanysignsoflifeonMarsyet，buttheysayaroboticvehiclecalled“Curiosity”ishelpingthemlearnalotabouttheplanet'shistoryandclimate.CuriositylandedonMarsinAugust2012aftertravellingthroughspaceformorethaneightmonths.ItwassenttoMarsbyscientistsfromNASAintheUnitedStates.Curiosityisaboutthesizeofacarandhassixwheels.Italsohasaroboticarm，cameras，andinstrumentsthatallowittoexaminethingsitfindsonthesurface.Thenitsendstheinformationbacktotheearth.Curiosity'smaintaskistofindoutifanythingcouldliveonMars，eithernoworinthepast.OnNov.2，NASAscientistsheldapressconference(新闻发布会)todiscusswhatCuriosityhadfoundinitsfirsttwomonthsonMars.Curiosityhasfoundsoilthatissimilartothesandformedbyvolcanoes(火山)ontheearth.ScientistssaythatstudyingthemineralsinMartiansoilwillhelpthemunderstandwhatconditionswerelikeontheplanetinthepast.Curiosityalsofoundsmoothstonesliketheonesfoundonriverbedsandseashoresontheearth，wheretheirroughedgeshavebeenworndownbywater.Marsisverycoldanddrynow，butscientistssaythesmoothstonestellthemthatariverusedtorunthroughtheplacewheretheywerefound.CuriosityhasbeentestingtheatmospherearoundMarsforatypeofgascalledmethane(甲烷)，butsofarithasnotfoundany.Ontheearth，mostmethaneisproducedbyplantsoranimals.MethaneonMarsmightindicatethatsometypeoftinyplantsoranimalslivedthere.CuriosityisthefourthroboticvehicletobesenttoMars.Itwillcontinuetoexploretheplanetforabouttwoyears.1．WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutCuriosityisTRUE?A．ItlandedonMarsinJanuary2012.B．Itissmallinsizeandhasfourarms.C．IttookovereightmonthstoarriveinMars.D．ItwassenttoMarsbyscientistsfromRussia.【语篇解读】

本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了“好奇号”机器人探索火星的最新情况。C根据第二段的“...aftertravellingthroughspaceformorethaneightmonths.”可知答案。2．AccordingtotheinformationsentbackbyCuriosity，scientistsbelievethat________．A．there'snoaironMarsB．MarsiswarmandwetnowC．thesoilonMarsisrichD．thereusedtobewateronMarsD根据第五段中的“Curiosityalsofoundsmoothstonesliketheonesfoundonriverbedsandseashoresontheearth，wheretheirroughedgeshavebeenworndownbywater.”可直接得出答案。3．Theunderlinedword“they”inParagraph5refersto“________”．A．smoothstones

B．riversC．roboticvehicles D．volcanoesA根据第五段最后一句可知答案。4．Weknowfromthesixthparagraphthat________．A．sometinyanimalsoncelivedonMarsB．therearenoplantsoranimalsonMarsnowC．theatmospherearoundMarsisfullofmethaneD．CuriosityisdesignedtotesttheatmospherearoundtheearthB根据第六段可知，如果有甲烷，就表示火星上有植物或动物存在的可能。但是“好奇号”到现在为止都没有在火星上找到甲烷，可见火星上至少现在是没有植物或动物的。5．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．HumansbenefitalotbygoingtoMars.B．ScientistswillstoptheresearchonMarssoon.C．Itispossibletobuildanearth­likeenvironmentonMars.D．AroboticvehiclehelpsscientistsgetusefulinformationfromMars.D根据文章的第一段可知答案。Passage2IncreaseduseoftheInternetandmobilephonesisunderminingpupils'capacityforindependentstudyandpromotingpoorgrammar.CranfieldSchoolofManagementfoundalmost6in10schoolchildrenwerecopyinginformationdirectlyfromwebsitesforhomeworktaskswithoutproperlyreadingit.Morethanaquarterthoughtitwasanacceptablepractice，eventhoughtheyknowitwasconsideredplagiarism(剽窃)．Thestudy，basedonasampleofaround260pupilsagedfrom11to18atasecondaryschoolintheMidlands，raisedfreshconcernsthatmoderntechnologywashavingadestructiveeffectonyoungpeople.AndrewKakabadse，ProfessorofInternationalManagementDevelopmentatCranfield，said，“Ourresearchshowsthattechnologyobsessionpreventsspellingskills，encouragesplagiarism，anddisturbsclassroomlearning.”“Despiteschoolpoliciesrestrictingmobilephoneusage，studentsusethephonefrequently，withthemajoritymakingcallsfromthetoilets.Themobilephonecontinuestobeamainchannelofsocialcommunicationduringtheschoolday.”Thereportrevealedthatso­called“text­speak”wasincreasinglyfindingitwasintopupils'schoolwork.3in10studentsadmittousingtextmessageshortcuts，suchas“ruok”inessaysandclassroomtasks.Itfollowedastudyearlierthisyearthatfoundalmosthalfofteachersfailedtounderstandsomepupils'writingbecauseitwassofullofconfusinglanguage.Phrasessuchas“innit”and“Gr8”wereregularlyfoundinschoolwork.TheCranfieldstudyfoundthatmobileusewassocommonthatmanypupilschosetoignoreschoolrulesonphones.Morethanathirdsaidtheywouldusetheirphonesinclass，whilenearlythreequarterssaidtheywouldnotevenmakeanexcusetoleaveclasstoansweraphonecall.1．Theunderlinedword“undermining”inthefirstparagraphcanbestbereplacedby“________”．A．determining B．keepingC．weakening D．increasing【语篇解读】

使用互联网和手机的学生越来越多了。可是，科技不仅给学生们带来了便捷，也给他们的学习带来了很多不利影响。C根据第二、三两段可知，靠照搬网上资料完成家庭作业，实际上是一种抄袭，会影响学生的独立学习能力。undermine是“逐渐损害，削弱”的意思，故此处选C。

2．ItcanbeinferredfromwhatKakabadsesaidthat________．A．heisinfavourofstudents'mobilephoneusageatschoolB．hebelievesschoolsareresponsiblefortechnologyobsessionC．theresearchfindsanewwaytoimproveschoolmanagementD．itishardtolimitstudents'mobilephoneusageatschoolD根据第六段第一句的“...withthemajoritymakingcallsfromthetoilets.”和第二句“Themobilephone...theschoolday.”可推出，限制学生在学校使用手机是很困难的。3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Moststudents'writingskillsarebecomingworse.B．Textmessagelanguagemayaffectpupils'languageskills.C．Studentsliketoinventnewwordsintheirwriting.D．30%ofpupilsoftensendtextmessageswhenstudying.B根据第七至九段可知，短信语言可能会给学生的语言技能带来不利影响。4．Thepassageismainlyabout________．A．thenegativeeffectoftechnologyonstudents'studyB．technology'spositiveinfluenceonstudents'achievementC．theimportanceofonlinesocialcommunicationD．therapidlygrowingroleofcommunicationtechnologiesA文章的第一段就点明了文章的大意“高科技的使用对孩子的学习有不好的影响。”故选A。5．What'stheattitudeoftheauthortotheproblem?A．Optimistic. B．Approving.C．Anxious. D．Tolerant.C从文章的字里行间可以看出作者对学生使用高科技产品(诸如手机之类)持忧虑态度。故答案为C。Passage3AscomputersbecomemorepopularinChina，ChinesepeopleareincreasinglyrelyingoncomputerkeyboardstoinputChinesecharacters.Butiftheyusethecomputertoomuch，theymayendupforgettingtheexactstrokes(笔画)ofeachChinesecharacterwhenwritingonpaper.Expertssuggestpeople，especiallystudents，writebyhandmore.Doyouwritebyhandmoreortypemore？InBeijing，studentsstartusingacomputerasearlyastheprimaryschool.Andcomputerdependenceismorewide­spreadamonguniversitystudents.Almostalltheirassignmentsandessaysaretypedonacomputer.Allthestudentsinterviewedsaytheyusuallyuseacomputer.It'sfasterandeasiertocorrectifusingacomputer.Andthat'swhycomputersarebeingappliedmoreandmoreoftentomoderneducation.Butwhenpeoplearetakingstockincomputersincreasingly，problemsappear.“WhenI'mwritingwithapen，IfindIoftencan'trememberhowtowriteacharacter，thoughIfeelI'mfamiliarwithit.”“I'mnotinthemoodtowritewhenfacedwithapenandpaper.”Manystudentsdon'tfeelthisissomethingtoworryabout.Nowthatit'smoreconvenientandefficienttowriteonacomputer，whybothertohandwrite?Manyeducatorsthinkdifferently.Shi

Liwei，theheadmasterofafamousprimaryschoolinthecapitalsaid，“Chinesecharactersenjoybothpracticalandaesthetic(审美的)value.Butthosecharacterstypedwithcomputerkeyboardsonlymaintaintheirpracticalvalue.Alltheartisticbeautyofthecharactersislost.Andhandwritingcontainsthewriter'semotion.Throughone'shandwriting，peoplecangettoknowone'sthinkingandpersonality.Beautifulwritingwillgivepeopleabetterfirstimpressionofthem.”Toencouragestudentstohandwritemore，manyprimaryschoolsinBeijinghavemadewritingclassescompulsory(必修的)andinuniversities，someprofessorsareaskingstudentstoturnintheirhomeworkandessayswrittenbyhand.1．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheimportanceofhandwritingandtypingB．TotypeortohandwriteC．WritingbycomputerwillreplacewritingbyhandD．PracticalandaestheticvalueofChinesecharacters【语篇解读】

全文围绕我们学生是应依靠电脑还是应依靠手来写作业展开叙述。B文章话题：我们学生应该依靠电脑还是应该依靠手来写作业。2．Thestudentsinterviewedprefertowriteusingacomputermainlybecause________．A．theyareusuallyaskedtoe­mailtheirhomeworkandessaysB．theycancorrectthemistakestheymakequicklyandconvenientlyC．theyfinditnoteasytorememberhowtowriteacharacterD．computershavebecomeatrendandfashioninChinaB由第四段“It'sfasterandeasiertocorrectifusingacom