新教材2024版高中英语Unit9HumanBiologyPartATopicTalk学生用书北师大版选择性必修第三册

Unit9HumanBiologyPartATopicTalk【学习目标】课时词汇常用短语典型句式capability,justify,infer,innovate,calculate,participantaccordingto,be/getinvolvedin1.反意疑问句2.It＋系动词＋what从句Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请依据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或依据汉意和词性写出正确单词1．biologyn.________________2．bettermentn.________________3．vaccinen.________________4．marathonn.________________5．athleticsn.________________6．________________n.实力，才能7．________________v.计算，核算8．________________v.创新，革新9．________________n.复原力，复原力，适应力10．________________n.参与者，参与者Ⅱ.依据下面所给单词，写出对应的派生词1．capableadj.有……实力的；能够……的→____________n．实力，才能2．justicen．公允；公正；合理→____________vt.证明……有道理，为……辩护3．physicsn．物理→____________n．物理学家→____________n．内科医生4．infervt.推断，推定→____________n.推理；推论5．calculatevt.计算；核算→____________n.计算；核算→____________n．计算器；计算者6．athleticsn．田径运动→____________n．运动员→____________adj.体育运动的，田径运动的7．innovatevt.革新，创新，改革→____________n．创新，革新，改革→____________n.创新者8．resiliencen．复原力，复原力，适应力→__________adj.可快速复原的，有适应力的9．participatevi.参与；参与→____________n.参与者，参与者10．dopen．兴奋剂；毒品→____________n.运用违禁药物►第一版块：核心单词1．capabilityn．(完成困难事情的)实力，才能(教材P50)CapabilitiesoftheHumanBody人体的实力havethecapabilityof... 有……的实力practicalcapability 实际实力；实践实力operationalcapability 作业实力；操作实力beyondone'scapability 超过某人的实力❶ItisbeyondmycapabilitytowintheelectionbutIthinkitisagoodchancetoimprovemyself.我赢不了选举，但是我认为这是一个提高自己的好机会。❷Butwhatweapplythatcapabilitytoisanotherquestion.但是我们把那种实力应用到什么地方则是另一个问题了。[词语积累]capableadj.有实力的，有才能的；实力强的becapableof(doing)sth.有实力/才能做某事becapableof能够……，胜任……[即学即练]单句语法填空①Itis________thecapabilityofthephysiciantoperformtheoperationonsuchapatient.②Ifyoulosethe________(capable),youwillloseitforever.完成句子③He'squite________________________________________(有能耐撒谎)togetoutoftrouble.④Idon'tthinkthemanager________________________________________(有提高……的实力)thesalesofthecompany.2.justifyvt.证明……有道理，为……辩护(教材P50)makingdecisions,reasoning,justifying...做确定、推理、证明……justify(doing)sth.证明(做)某事正确，正值，有理justifyoneself为自已辩解❶Idon'thavetojustifymyselftoyouoranyoneelse.我不须要为我的行为向你或任何人说明。❷Howcanwejustifyspendingsomuchmoneyonthecar?我们怎么才能说明花那么多钱购买汽车是正值的呢？❸Hersuccessjustifiedthefaithherteachershadputinher.她的胜利证明白老师对她的信念是正确的。[词语积累]justadj.公正的，合理的[相关链接]justify是以后缀-fy结尾变为动词，表“使……化”之意。simple→simplyfyv．使简化beauty→beautifyv．美化ugly→uglifyv．丑化satisfactory→satisfyv．使满意[即学即练]单句语法填空①Heattempts________(justify)hisconduct.②Theexperimentsjustify________(change)thenormalmethodofwork.③Howcanthey________(just)payingsuchhugesalaries？3.infervt.(inferred;inferred;inferring)推断，推定；示意，意指(教材P50)．..thinkingandmakingjudgements,inferringmeaning……思索推断、推断意义infer...from从……推导出；从……推想出inferthat...推断……inferfrom依据……推断❶Itisreasonabletoinferthatthegovernmentknowsaboutthesedeals.有理由推断政府知悉这些交易。❷Areyouinferring(that)I'mnotcapableofdoingthejob?你的言外之意是我不能胜任这份工作吗？❸Noonecaninfersuchanopinionfromhisstatement.谁也不能从他的声明中得出这种看法。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Muchofthemeaningmust________(infer)fromthecontext.②Youshouldlearnhowtoinferaconclusion________statistics.③Weinferred________commentshehadmadetofriendsthathewasanoutstandinginnovator.完成句子④I____________________________(从……推断出)thearticlethatthepilotwasresponsiblefortheaccident.4.innovatevi.&vt.革新，创新，改革；引入(教材P50)create,innovate,solveproblems,calculate创建、创新、解决问题、计算innovatenewproducts创建新产品❶Itisnecessarytoinnovateanddevelopmilitarytheories.创新和发展军事理论很有必要。❷Sharingeconomywillinnovatethewaytraditionalindustryworks,asthenewtypeofeconomywillgraduallytransformtheformerone.共享经济将创新传统产业的运作方式，因为新型经济将逐步变更传统产业。[词语积累]innovatorn．创新者；改革者innovationn．创新，改革innovative或innovatoryadj.革新的，有革新精神的；接受新思想、新技术的[词语积累]aninnovativefirm一家创新公司aperiodofinnovation革新时期oneinnovationafteranother一个又一个的创新项目[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thesenewrealitiesrequireus________(innovate),tocompete,andtoleadinnewways.②Hewasoneofthegreatest________(innovate)inChinesehistory.③Toexpandthebusiness,heneedstodevelopmanagementskillsand________(innovate)acrosshisteam.5.calculatevt.计算，核算(教材P50)create,innovate,solveproblems,calculate创建、创新、解决问题、计算calculatethetotalcostofthetrip算出旅行的全部费用calculatehowmuch/howmany...weneed计算我们须要多少……calculateroughly估算calculatethat...算出/预料……calculateon希望，期盼Ithasbeencalculatedthat...据估算……❶You'llneedtocalculatehowmuchtimetheassignmentwilltake.你须要算一算要花多少时间才能完成支配的任务。❷Ithasbeencalculatedthatthecostofthewholeconstructioncomesto$500million.据计算，整个建筑的费用达5亿美元。❸Youshouldcalculateonthejournalistcomingontime.你应当希望那个记者会准时来。[词语积累]calculationn．计算；估计；算计calculatorn．计算器calculatingmachines计算机[词语积累]calculatethecostofsth.计算某事的费用becalculatedtodosth.准备/支配做某事calculateonsth./doingsth.希望/依靠某事物[即学即练]单句语法填空①IbelieveIhavethecapabilityof________(calculate)thepoliticalconsequencesaccurately.②It________________(calculate)thattheyproduced1，000carsthismonthalone.③Theyfoundtheircomputersproducingdifferentresultsfromexactlythesame________(calculate).完成句子④We________________________(希望着)theircooperation.⑤Whendidthefirst______________________(计算机)comeintobeing？6.judgement(又作judgment)n．评价；看法；看法；推断力judgev．推断，认为n．法官；裁判；鉴定人(教材P50)．..thinkingandmakingjudgements,inferringmeaning……思索推断、推断意义makeajudgement(about...)(对……)作出评价passjudgement(onsth.)(对某事)发表(指责)看法inone'sjudgement在某人看来good/poorjudgement推断力强/弱alackofjudgement缺乏推断力useone'sjudgement运用某人的推断力Wehavetomakeaqualitativejudgementaboutthetwoapplicants.我们得在两个应聘者之间作出质的甄别。[归纳拓展]judgingby/from...依据……来推断asfarasIcanjudge据我推断don'tjudgeabookbyitscover勿以貌取人[即学即练]单句语法填空①________(judge)fromwhatyousayinyourletter,youdon'tsoundwell.②Asweallknow,mostoftheratingsarebasedonothers'________(judge)ontheproductorserviceconcerned.③Heactedas________judge________theEnglishspeechcontest.④Ican'tdecideforyou.Youneedtouseyourown________(judge).7.curen．疗法；药物vt.治愈，治好(疾病)；解决(问题)(教材P50)．..discovertheunknownworldandtheuniverse,findcuresfordiseases，...……发觉未知世界和宇宙，找到治疗疾病的方法，……(1)cure＋疾病治愈某种疾病cure＋人治愈某人的病(2)curesth.解决某种问题curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的……病；矫正/改正某人的某种不良行为或看法(3)Thereisnocurefor...没有方法治愈……，没有方法解决……❶Anoperationfinallycuredthearchitect'sinjury.手术最终治好了那位建筑师的伤。❷Therewasnocure,onlypainrelief.没有治愈的方法，只有缓解难受。❸Manytypesofcancercannowbecured.现在很多种癌症都可以治愈。[发散联想]与curesb.ofsth.结构相同的短语还有：warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事convincesb.ofsth.使某人信任某事remindsb.ofsth.提示某人某物[即学即练]单句语法填空①Attempts________(cure)unemploymenthavesofarfailed.②90%ofpatientscanbecured________thedisease.③Nothingcouldcureher________herimpatiencewithAnna.④Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeople________killingsandweretooviolentforuseatthetable.8.athleticsn．田径运动；体育运动athleticadj.体育运动的；田径运动的；强壮的(教材P109)I'vejustbeenwatchingathleticsontelevision.I'mamazedatthespeedandstrengthoftheathletes.我始终在电视上观看田径运动会。我对运动员的速度和力气感到惊异。athleticsports体育运动athleticfield运动场，田径场地athleticabilities运动实力anathleticmeeting运动会；田径竞赛anathleticcoach一位田径教练inone'sathleticcareer在某人的运动生涯中❶Speedisthecrucialingredientofallathletics.速度是全部田径运动的关键性要素。❷AsthemodernOlympicsgrewinstature,sotoodidathletics.随着现代奥林匹克运动会声名远扬，田径运动也越来越受关注。(so＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋另一主语，表示前面所说的确定状况也适用于后者，意为“……也是这样”)❸Shewilltakepartintheathleticmeeting.她明天将参与运动会。[归纳拓展]athleten．运动员aprofessionalathlete一位专业运动员afamousathlete一位知名的运动员Olympicathletes奥运会运动员[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hehasgreat________(athletics)ability.②Heisvery________(athletics)becauseheworksoutregularly.③AtBeijingOlympicvillageIsawalotofOlympic________(athlete).9.limitvt.限制；限定n．界限；限度limitedadj.有限的limitlessadj.无限的limitationn．限制(教材P51)Aperson'slifeislimitedbutservingthepeopleislimitless.一个人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。limit...to...(＝belimitedto)把……限制在……内limitsb.to(doing)sth.限制某人(做)某事beyondthelimit超过限度withoutlimit无限制地❶Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.它的确指出，很多家长照旧限制电子阅读，主要是因为担忧屏幕前时间增加。(谓语动词的强调用do,does或did)❷Theonlylimittoourrealizationoftomorrowwillbeourdoubtsoftoday.限制我们实现明天幻想的唯一障碍是今日的疑虑。❸Theschoolplanstolimitclassestomaximumof50students.学校支配将每个班的学生数目限制在50名之内。[归纳拓展]withinlimit在确定范围内tothelimit达到极限atime/speed/agelimit时间/速度/年龄限制setalimitto/on设定……的限度alimitto/on...对……的限制Thereisa/nolimitto...……是有/无限度的。(to是介词)[即学即练]单句语法填空①Youshouldlimityourlittlechildto________(watch)violentmovies.②Withabroaderperspective,wewillbemorefree,moreopen-minded,andless________(limit)inwhatwecanbecome!③Youcandoanythingyoulike,________limitsofcourse.►其次版块：重点短语1．accordingto据……所说；依据，依据(教材P51)Accordingtotheresearch,peopleareabletocontrolhowhotorcoldtheirbodiesare.依据这项探讨，人们能够限制自己身体的冷热。❶AccordingtoTom,Jackisoneofthemostgenerousstudentsinhisclass.据汤姆所说，杰克是他班里最大方的学生之一。❷Theyarepaidaccordingtohowlongtheyhavebeenemployed.他们的工资按雇用时间而定。[误区警示]accordingto不能表示依据说话者本人的信息。如，不能说accordingtome/myopinion/myview，但可以说inmyopinion/view等。[即学即练]完成句子①________________(依据)theairtrafficrules,youshouldswitchoffyourmobilephonebeforegoingaboard.②Youwillbepaid________________(依据)theamountofworkyoudo.③________________(在我看来)，youcancalculateonhishelp.2.be/getinvolvedin参与；卷入；与……有关联(教材P109)Wesawsimilareffectstothoseweseeinthebodiesofathletesinvolvedindoping.我们在服用兴奋剂的运动员身上看到了类似的效果。❶Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvariousactivitiesonEarthDay.无论你宠爱做什么，总有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。(nomatterwhat引导让步状语从句)❷Wearesimplyinvolvedinaconsultantcapacityontheproject.我们只不过是以顾问身份参与这个项目。❸Theaccidentinvolvedtwocars.＝Twocarswereinvolvedintheaccident.这起事故涉及两辆车。[归纳拓展]involvementn．(U)参与involve(doing)sth.包括/须要做某事involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人参与(做)某事beinvolvedin...聚精会神于某事之中[经典例句]Iregularlyinvolvemyselfincommunityactivities.我常常参与社区活动。Thejobinvolvesalotoftravelling.这项工作须要大量出差。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hisjobinvolves________(spend)alotoftimewithotherpeople.②Idon'twanttoget________(involve)________theargument.③Weneedtoconsiderallthecosts________(involve)intheprojectfirst.④Hewassoinvolved________thebook________hedidn'theartheknock.►第三版块：典型句式1．It＋系动词＋形容词＋what从句．(教材P109)Isn'titamazingwhatthehumanmindandbodyarecapableof?人类的大脑和身体所能做到的莫非不令人惊异吗？[句式分析]此句是一个否定疑问句，以反问的形式表示确定，其中what引导主语从句，it是形式主语。❶Itisuncertainwhatthestudentsdowithalltheinformation.不确定学生们如何处理全部这些信息。❷Itisbynomeansclearwhatthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.总统能实行什么措施来结束罢工，这一点儿都不清晰。[误区警示]what在句中作主语、宾语或表语；假如不缺成分，没有含义，用that引导；假如不作成分，表示“是否”，则用whether引导；假如缺状语，可用how，where，when等引导。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Itiscontradictory________thetwowitnessessaidabouttheaccident.②Itisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter________makesthebooksoextraordinary.③Itisdifficultforustoimagine________lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.④Itisfundamental__________thelocalgovernmentshouldtakesomemeasurestoguaranteethelivingofthedisabledandtheelderly.2.反意疑问句(教材P109)It'sincredible,isn'tit？太不行思议了，不是吗？[句式分析]此句运用了反意疑问句。反意疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称、时态应保持一样。(1)陈述部分确定式＋疑问部分否定式(2)陈述部分否定式＋疑问部分确定式(3)若陈述部分含有seldom，hardly,never，few，nothing等否定词或半否定词，其疑问部分要用确定式。(4)若陈述部分含有带否定前缀如un-，im-，dis-的词，疑问部分仍用否定式。❶Thelawyerwouldn'tbelieveyou,wouldhe?那位律师不信任你的话，是吗？❷Hesaidnothingtothewaitingjournalists，didhe?他对等候的记者什么也没说，是吗？❸Meetingagainisimpossibleexceptinadream,isn'tit?除了在梦中，再见面是不行能的，不是吗？❹Therewasnothingintheroom,wasthere?房间里什么也没有，是吗？[经典例句]Hedidn'treallygethismeaningovertotheaudience，didhe?他未能完全把他的意思向听众讲清晰，是不是？ShehardlyeverspeakstoyouinEnglish,doesshe?她几乎没和你用英语说话，是吗？[即学即练]单句语法填空①—Youdidn'tattendtheconference,________you?—No,I________．/Yes,I________．②Youdislikesports,________you?③Sheisnotgoodatplayingtheviolin,________she?④Someoneisexpectingyou,________he?Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Thesatelliteenablesusto________(计算)theirpreciselocationanywhereintheworld.2．Famous________(物理学家)StephenHawkingpredictedtherewasthelikelihoodoftimetravel.3．We________(创新)newcomputertechnologytomeetcustomers'needandalwayskeepaneyeonthelatesttrend.4．Specialistsaroundtheworldarecollaboratingtodevelopanew________(疫苗).5．Ifyou'retryingtobuild________(复原力)atwork,youneedadequateinternalandexternalrecoveryperiods.6．Thisisoneofthemoststimulatingdevelopmentsin________(生物学)inrecentyears.7．Formanagers,thismeansthatemployeesmusthavethe________(实力)ofdoingthejobproperly.8．WhatwassoimpressiveaboutJasmineWestland'svictorywasthatshecamefirstinthe________(马拉松)bare-footed.9．Ministersagreedthatthisdecisionwasfully________(证明……有道理)byeconomicconditions.10．He________(推断)fromthelatestsurveythatthecaseattractedmanyadventurefans.Ⅱ.短语填空beinvolvedin,participatein,withoutlimit,inferfrom,becapableof,judgefrom,onone'sown,sufferfrom,firstofall,devoteto1．Atthattime,I________________thedevelopmentofaprojectforalargefinancialcompany.2．Butcanwethen________________thetwopiecesofgoodnewsthatouremploymentsituationisturningforthegood?3．Shipstructuremay________________manytypesofdamageduringitsservice.4．Whenyougetthere,________________familiarizeyourselfwiththesituationandthenwanderaround.5．Wecan________hisexpressionthathehasforgivenus.6．Evidentlyifweareto________________thesocietyinwhichwelive,wemustcommunicatewithotherpeople.7．HewantedtoshowtheAcademythathe________________producingimpressiveworksinoiltoo.8．Howmuchofyourowntimedoyou________________raisingconsciousnessabouttheseissues?9．Letmetellyouaboutayoungarchitectwhomadeabeautifulbuildingall________________．10．Thestandardcanbeloweredbutcan'tbelowered________________．Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．The________(participate)followedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.2．Whatcanweinfer________thelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?3．WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccording________Morgan?4．WhocanprovideLancomwithahugepotentialfor________(innovate)inlearning?5．________(calculate)biologicalage,ProfessorLevineatYaleUniversityidentifiedninebiomarkers(生物标记)thatseemedtobethemostinfluentialonlifespanbyasimplebloodtest.6．All________(participant)mustaddresshowcommunicationortransportationtechnologyhaspromotedthequalityoflifeforAmericansthroughouthistory.7．Studentswhoaresuccessfulinanonlinecourseareusuallycapableof________(work)independentlyinaresponsibleandhonestmanner.8．Anevolutionary________(infer)canthenbedrawn.9．Accordingtomost________(calculate)，racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour.10．OurmissionistouseInternet-relatedtechnologiesfortheprospectand________(better)ofhumanlife.11．Evidently,thenewfindingshavegivenresearchersinformationtohelpthemdevelopnewdrugsand________(vaccine).12．Overworkandexhaustionaretheoppositeof________(resilient),soweneedstimulatingactivitiesandgoodrests.13．Asanactive________(participate)inmultiplevolunteerwork,Ihavealotofexperienceinservingothers.14．Scientistsandspecialistsaroundtheworldareworkingtogethertofindacure________AIDS.15．IbelieveIamcapable________calculatingthepoliticalconsequencesaccurately.16．Thisassumptionwill________(justify)bytheworkofthearchitectsandbuilders.Ⅳ.汉译英1．原始人必须要能作出这样的反应以躲避紧急的动物。(强调句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．今日的报纸上读到什么好玩的新闻了吗？(不定代词)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．有几个应聘者接受过管理培训，不是吗？(反意疑问句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．从这台新的望远镜里竟能看到那么多的星体，这把她惊呆了。(beamazedat)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．为了作出精确的诊断，医生会对病人进行彻底的检查。(不定式作目的状语)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Unit9HumanBiologyPartATopicTalk双基夯实·课前排查Ⅰ.1．生物学2.改良，改善，提高3.疫苗4.马拉松5.田径运动会6.capability7.calculate8.innovate9.resilience10．participantⅡ.1．capability2.justify3.physicistphysician4.inference5．calculationcalculator6.athleteathletic7.innovationinnovator8.resilient9.participant10.doping核心突